Abstract (data abstract)

CERN-LHC. Event-shape variables, which are sensitive to perturbative and nonperturbative aspects of quantum chromodynamic (QCD) interactions, are studied in multijet events recorded in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. Events are selected with at least one jet with transverse momentum $p_T > 110$ GeV and pseudorapidity $\mid\eta\mid < 2.4$, in a data sample corresponding to integrated luminosities of up to $5 fb^{-1}$. The distributions of five event-shape variables in various leading jet $p_T$ ranges are compared to predictions from different QCD Monte Carlo event generators. Five event-shape variables are analyzed in this paper: the transverse thrust $\tau_{\perp}$, the total jet broadening $B_{tot}$, the total jet mass $\rho_{tot}$, the total transverse jet mass $\rho^T_{tot}$ and the third-jet resolution parameter $Y_{23}$. In the formulae below, $p_{T,i}$, $\eta_i$, and $\phi_i$ represent the transverse momentum, pseudorapidity, and azimuthal angle of the $i$th jet, and $\hat{n}_{T}$ is the unit vector that maximizes the sum of the projections of $\vec{p}_{T,i}$. The transverse thrust axis $\hat{n}_{T}$ and the beam form the so-called event plane. Based on the direction of $\hat{n}_{T}$, the transverse region is separated into an upper side $\cal{C}_U$, consisting of all jets with $\vec{p}_{T}\cdot\hat{n}_{T}$ $>$ 0, and a lower side $\cal{C}_L$, with $\vec{p}_{T}\cdot\hat{n}_{T}$ $<$ 0. The jet broadening and third-jet resolution variables require at least three jets, whereas the calculation of other variables requires at least two jets. The $\hat{n}_{T}$ vector is defined only up to a global sign - choosing one sign or the other has no consequence since it simply exchanges the upper and lower events regions. Transverse Thrust : The event thrust observable in the transverse plane is defined as \begin{eqnarray} \tau_{\perp} &\equiv &1 - \max_{\hat{n}_{T}} \frac{\sum_i |\vec{p}_{T,i} \cdot \hat{n}_{T} |}{\sum_i p_{T,i}} \end{eqnarray} This variable probes the hadronization process and is sensitive to the modeling of two-jet and multijet topologies. In this paper ``multijet'' refers to ``more-than-two-jet''. In the limit of a perfectly balanced two-jet event, $\tau_{\perp}$ is zero, while in isotropic multijet events it amounts to $(1-2/\pi)$. Jet Broadenings : The pseudorapidities and the azimuthal angles of the axes for the upper and lower event regions are defined by \begin{eqnarray} \eta_X &\equiv &\frac{\sum_{i\in{\cal{C}}_X} p_{T,i}\eta_i}{\sum_{i\in{\cal{C}}_X} p_{T,i}} ~, \\ \phi_X &\equiv &\frac{\sum_{i\in{\cal{C}}_X} p_{T,i}\phi_i}{\sum_{i\in{\cal{C}}_X} p_{T,i}} ~, \end{eqnarray} where $X$ refers to upper ($U$) or lower ($L$) side. From these, the jet broadening variable in each region is defined as \begin{eqnarray} B_{X} &\equiv &\frac{1}{2P_{T}} \sum_{i\in{\cal{C}}_X}p_{T,i}\sqrt{(\eta_i -\eta_X)^2 + (\phi_i - \phi_X)^2} ~, \end{eqnarray} where $P_{T}$ is the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of all the jets. The total jet broadening is then defined as \begin{eqnarray} B_{tot} &\equiv &B_{U} + B_{L}. \end{eqnarray} Jet Masses : The normalized squared invariant mass of the jets in the upper and lower regions of the event is defined by \begin{eqnarray} \rho_X &\equiv &\frac{M^2_X}{P^2}, \end{eqnarray} where $M_X$ is the invariant mass of the constituents of the jets in the region $X$, and $P$ is the scalar sum of the momenta of all constituents in both sides. The jet mass variable is defined as the sum of the masses in the upper and lower regions, \begin{eqnarray} \rho_{tot} &\equiv &\rho_U + \rho_L ~. \end{eqnarray} The corresponding jet mass in the transverse plane, $\rho^T_{tot}$, is also similarly calculated in transverse plane. Third-jet resolution parameter : The third-jet resolution parameter is defined as \begin{eqnarray} Y_{23} \equiv \frac{\mathrm{min}(p_{T,3}^2,[\mathrm{min}(p_{T,i}, p_{T,j})^2 \times (\Delta R_{ij})^2/R^2])}{P_{12}^2} ~, \end{eqnarray} where i, j run over all three jets, $(\Delta R_{ij})^2 = (\eta_i - \eta_j)^2 + (\phi_i - \phi_j)^2$, and $p_{T,3}$ is the transverse momentum of the third jet in the event. If there are more than three jets in the event, they are iteratively merged using the $k_T$ algorithm with a distance parameter $R = 0.6$. To compute $P_{12}$, three jets are merged into two using the procedure described above and $P_{12}$ is then defined as the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of the two remaining jets. The $Y_{23}$ variable estimates the relative strength of the $p_T$ of the third jet with respect to the other two jets. It vanishes for two-jet events, and a nonzero value of $Y_{23}$ indicates the presence of hard parton emission, which tests the parton showering model of QCD event generators. A test like this is less sensitive to the details of the underlying event (UE) and parton hadronization models than the other event-shape variables.

Table 1

Data from Figure 1

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Transverse thrust for $110 < p_{T,1} < 170$ GeV.
Table 2

Data from Figure 1

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Transverse thrust for $170 < p_{T,1} < 250$ GeV.
Table 3

Data from Figure 1

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Transverse thrust for $250 < p_{T,1} < 320$ GeV.
Table 4

Data from Figure 1

10.17182/hepdata.66571.v1/t4

Transverse thrust for $320 < p_{T,1} < 390$ GeV.
Table 5

Data from Figure 1

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Transverse thrust for $p_{T,1} > 390$ GeV.
Table 6

Data from Figure 2

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Jet broadening for $110 < p_{T,1} < 170$ GeV.
Table 7

Data from Figure 2

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Jet broadening for $170 < p_{T,1} < 250$ GeV.
Table 8

Data from Figure 2

10.17182/hepdata.66571.v1/t8

Jet broadening for $250 < p_{T,1} < 320$ GeV.
Table 9

Data from Figure 2

10.17182/hepdata.66571.v1/t9

Jet broadening for $320 < p_{T,1} < 390$ GeV.
Table 10

Data from Figure 2

10.17182/hepdata.66571.v1/t10

Jet broadening for $p_{T,1} > 390$ GeV.
Table 11

Data from Figure 3

10.17182/hepdata.66571.v1/t11

Total jet mass for $110 < p_{T,1} < 170$ GeV.
Table 12

Data from Figure 3

10.17182/hepdata.66571.v1/t12

Total jet mass for $170 < p_{T,1} < 250$ GeV.
Table 13

Data from Figure 3

10.17182/hepdata.66571.v1/t13

Total jet mass for $250 < p_{T,1} < 320$ GeV.
Table 14

Data from Figure 3

10.17182/hepdata.66571.v1/t14

Total jet mass for $320 < p_{T,1} < 390$ GeV.
Table 15

Data from Figure 3

10.17182/hepdata.66571.v1/t15

Total jet mass for $p_{T,1} > 390$ GeV.
Table 16

Data from Figure 4

10.17182/hepdata.66571.v1/t16

Total transverse jet mass for $110 < p_{T,1} < 170$ GeV.
Table 17

Data from Figure 4

10.17182/hepdata.66571.v1/t17

Total transverse jet mass for $170 < p_{T,1} < 250$ GeV.
Table 18

Data from Figure 4

10.17182/hepdata.66571.v1/t18

Total transverse jet mass for $250 < p_{T,1} < 320$ GeV.
Table 19

Data from Figure 4

10.17182/hepdata.66571.v1/t19

Total transverse jet mass for $320 < p_{T,1} < 390$ GeV.
Table 20

Data from Figure 4

10.17182/hepdata.66571.v1/t20

Total transverse jet mass for $p_{T,1} > 390$ GeV.
Table 21

Data from Figure 5

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Third-jet resolution parameter for $110 < p_{T,1} < 170$ GeV.
Table 22

Data from Figure 5

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Third-jet resolution parameter for $170 < p_{T,1} < 250$ GeV.
Table 23

Data from Figure 5

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Third-jet resolution parameter for $250 < p_{T,1} < 320$ GeV.
Table 24

Data from Figure 5

10.17182/hepdata.66571.v1/t24

Third-jet resolution parameter for $320 < p_{T,1} < 390$ GeV.
Table 25

Data from Figure 5

10.17182/hepdata.66571.v1/t25

Third-jet resolution parameter for $p_{T,1} > 390$ GeV.

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