Abstract (data abstract)

First measurements of balance functions (BF) of all combinations of identified charged hadron $(\pi,\rm K,\rm p)$ pairs in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}} =$2.76 TeV recorded by the ALICE detector are presented. The BF measurements are carried out as two-dimensional differential correlators versus the relative rapidity ($\Delta y$) and azimuthal angle ($\Delta\varphi$) of hadron pairs, and studied as a function of collision centrality. The $\Delta\varphi$ dependence of BF is expected to be sensitive to the light quark diffusivity in the quark--gluon plasma. While the BF azimuthal widths of all pairs substantially decrease from peripheral to central collisions, the longitudinal widths exhibit mixed behaviors: BF of $\pi\pi$ and cross-species pairs narrow in more central collisions, whereas those of $\rm KK$ and $\rm pp$ are found to be independent of collision centrality. This dichotomy is qualitatively consistent with the presence of strong radial flow effects and the existence of two-stage quark production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Finally, the first measurements of the collision centrality evolution of BF integrals are presented, with the observation that relative charge balancing fractions are nearly independent of collision centrality in Pb--Pb collisions. Overall, the results presented provide new and challenging constraints for theoretical models of hadron production and transport in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

Figure 1.1

Data from Figure 1 (left).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t1

Balance function $B^{\pi\pi}$ measured in semicentral Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76\;\text{TeV}$ ($\pi,{\rm K}: 0.2 \leq p_{\rm T} \leq 2.0\;{\rm GeV}/c$;...
Figure 1.2

Data from Figure 1 (central).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t2

Balance function $B^{{\rm KK}}$ measured in semicentral Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76\;\text{TeV}$ ($\pi,{\rm K}: 0.2 \leq p_{\rm T} \leq 2.0\;{\rm...
Figure 1.3

Data from Figure 1 (right).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t3

Balance function $B^{{\rm p\bar{p}}}$ measured in semicentral Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76\;\text{TeV}$ ($\pi,{\rm K}: 0.2 \leq p_{\rm T} \leq 2.0\;{\rm...
Figure 2.1

Data from Figure 2 (top left).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t4

Balance function $B^{\pi\pi}$ projected onto the $\Delta y$ axis for particle pairs within the full range $|\Delta\varphi|\leq \pi$ in Pb--Pb...
Figure 2.2

Data from Figure 2 (middle left).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t5

Balance function $B^{{\rm K}\pi}$ projected onto the $\Delta y$ axis for particle pairs within the full range $|\Delta\varphi|\leq \pi$ in...
Figure 2.3

Data from Figure 2 (bottom left).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t6

Balance function $B^{{\rm p}\pi}$ projected onto the $\Delta y$ axis for particle pairs within the full range $|\Delta\varphi|\leq \pi$ in...
Figure 2.4

Data from Figure 2 (top center).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t7

Balance function $B^{\pi{\rm K}}$ projected onto the $\Delta y$ axis for particle pairs within the full range $|\Delta\varphi|\leq \pi$ in...
Figure 2.5

Data from Figure 2 (middle center).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t8

Balance function $B^{{\rm KK}}$ projected onto the $\Delta y$ axis for particle pairs within the full range $|\Delta\varphi|\leq \pi$ in...
Figure 2.6

Data from Figure 2 (bottom center).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t9

Balance function $B^{{\rm pK}}$ projected onto the $\Delta y$ axis for particle pairs within the full range $|\Delta\varphi|\leq \pi$ in...
Figure 2.7

Data from Figure 2 (top right).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t10

Balance function $B^{\pi{\rm p}}$ projected onto the $\Delta y$ axis for particle pairs within the full range $|\Delta\varphi|\leq \pi$ in...
Figure 2.8

Data from Figure 2 (middle right).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t11

Balance function $B^{{\rm Kp}}$ projected onto the $\Delta y$ axis for particle pairs within the full range $|\Delta\varphi|\leq \pi$ in...
Figure 2.9

Data from Figure 2 (bottom right).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t12

Balance function $B^{{\rm pp}}$ projected onto the $\Delta y$ axis for particle pairs within the full range $|\Delta\varphi|\leq \pi$ in...
Figure 3.1

Data from Figure 3 (top left).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t13

Balance function $B^{\pi\pi}$ projected onto the $\Delta \varphi$ axis in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76\;\text{TeV}$ for selected centrality ranges ($\pi,{\rm...
Figure 3.2

Data from Figure 3 (middle left).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t14

Balance function $B^{{\rm K}\pi}$ projected onto the $\Delta \varphi$ axis in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76\;\text{TeV}$ for selected centrality ranges...
Figure 3.3

Data from Figure 3 (bottom left).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t15

Balance function $B^{{\rm p}\pi}$ projected onto the $\Delta \varphi$ axis in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76\;\text{TeV}$ for selected centrality ranges...
Figure 3.4

Data from Figure 3 (top center).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t16

Balance function $B^{\pi{\rm K}}$ projected onto the $\Delta \varphi$ axis in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76\;\text{TeV}$ for selected centrality ranges...
Figure 3.5

Data from Figure 3 (middle center).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t17

Balance function $B^{{\rm KK}}$ projected onto the $\Delta \varphi$ axis in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76\;\text{TeV}$ for selected centrality ranges...
Figure 3.6

Data from Figure 3 (bottom center).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t18

Balance function $B^{{\rm pK}}$ projected onto the $\Delta \varphi$ axis in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76\;\text{TeV}$ for selected centrality ranges...
Figure 3.7

Data from Figure 3 (top right).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t19

Balance function $B^{\pi{\rm p}}$ projected onto the $\Delta \varphi$ axis in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76\;\text{TeV}$ for selected centrality ranges...
Figure 3.8

Data from Figure 3 (middle right).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t20

Balance function $B^{{\rm Kp}}$ projected onto the $\Delta \varphi$ axis in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76\;\text{TeV}$ for selected centrality ranges...
Figure 3.9

Data from Figure 3 (bottom right).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t21

Balance function $B^{{\rm pp}}$ projected onto the $\Delta \varphi$ axis in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76\;\text{TeV}$ for selected centrality ranges...
Figure 4.1

Data from Figure 4 (left).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t22

Longitudinal ($\Delta y$) $\sigma$ widths of balance functions of the full species matrix of $\pi^{\pm}$, ${\rm K}^{\pm}$, and ${\rm p/\bar{p}}$...
Figure 4.2

Data from Figure 4 (center).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t23

Azimuthal ($\Delta\varphi$) $\sigma$ widths of balance functions of the full species matrix of $\pi^{\pm}$, ${\rm K}^{\pm}$, and ${\rm p/\bar{p}}$ with...
Figure 4.3

Data from Figure 4 (right).

10.17182/hepdata.132486.v1/t24

Integrals of balance functions of the full species matrix of $\pi^{\pm}$, ${\rm K}^{\pm}$, and ${\rm p/\bar{p}}$ with centrality($\pi,{\rm K}: 0.2...

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