Search for long-lived particles decaying to a pair of muons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

The CMS collaboration
JHEP 05 (2023) 228, 2023.

Abstract
An inclusive search for long-lived exotic particles decaying to a pair of muons is presented. The search uses data collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV in 2016 and 2018 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 97.6 fb$^{-1}$. The experimental signature is a pair of oppositely charged muons originating from a common secondary vertex spatially separated from the pp interaction point by distances ranging from several hundred $\mu$m to several meters. The results are interpreted in the frameworks of the hidden Abelian Higgs model, in which the Higgs boson decays to a pair of long-lived dark photons Z$_\mathrm{D}$, and of a simplified model, in which long-lived particles are produced in decays of an exotic heavy neutral scalar boson. For the hidden Abelian Higgs model with $m_\mathrm{Z_D}$ greater than 20 GeV and less than half the mass of the Higgs boson, they provide the best limits to date on the branching fraction of the Higgs boson to dark photons for $c\tau$(Z$_\mathrm{D}$) (varying with $m_\mathrm{Z_D}$) between 0.03 and ${\approx}$ 0.5 mm, and above ${\approx}$ 0.5 m. Our results also yield the best constraints on long-lived particles with masses larger than 10 GeV produced in decays of an exotic scalar boson heavier than the Higgs boson and decaying to a pair of muons.

  • Figure 2 left

    Data from Figure 2 (left)

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    Level-1 muon trigger efficiency in cosmic-ray muon data (blue) and signal simulation (red) as a function of $d_0$, for the...

  • Figure 2 right

    Data from Figure 2 (right)

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t2

    Level-1 muon trigger efficiency in cosmic-ray muon data (blue) and signal simulation (red) as a function of $d_0$, for the...

  • Figure 3

    Data from Figure 3

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t3

    Fractions of signal events with zero (green), one (blue), and two (red) STA muons matched to TMS muons by the...

  • Figure 10 left

    Data from Figure 10 left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t4

    Comparison of the number of events observed in 2016 data in the STA-STA dimuon category with the expected number of...

  • Figure 10 right

    Data from Figure 10 right

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    Comparison of the number of events observed in 2018 data in the STA-STA dimuon category with the expected number of...

  • Figure 11 left

    Data from Figure 11 left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t6

    Comparison of the number of events observed in 2016 data in the STA-TMS dimuon category with the expected number of...

  • Figure 11 right

    Data from Figure 11 right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t7

    Comparison of the number of events observed in 2018 data in the STA-TMS dimuon category with the expected number of...

  • Figure 12 top left

    Data from Figure 12 top left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t8

    Comparison of the number of events observed in 2016 data in the TMS-TMS dimuon category with the expected number of...

  • Figure 12 top center

    Data from Figure 12 top center

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t9

    Comparison of the number of events observed in 2016 data in the TMS-TMS dimuon category with the expected number of...

  • Figure 12 top right

    Data from Figure 12 top right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t10

    Comparison of the number of events observed in 2016 data in the TMS-TMS dimuon category with the expected number of...

  • Figure 12 bottom left

    Data from Figure 12 bottom left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t11

    Comparison of the number of events observed in 2018 data in the TMS-TMS dimuon category with the expected number of...

  • Figure 12 bottom center

    Data from Figure 12 bottom center

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t12

    Comparison of the number of events observed in 2018 data in the TMS-TMS dimuon category with the expected number of...

  • Figure 12 bottom right

    Data from Figure 12 bottom right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t13

    Comparison of the number of events observed in 2018 data in the TMS-TMS dimuon category with the expected number of...

  • Figure 13 left

    Data from Figure 13 left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t14

    Comparison of the number of events observed in 2016 data in the TMS-TMS dimuon category with the expected number of...

  • Figure 13 right

    Data from Figure 13 left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t15

    Comparison of the number of events observed in 2018 data in the TMS-TMS dimuon category with the expected number of...

  • Figure 14 left

    Data from Figure 14 left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t16

    The 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma(\Phi \rightarrow XX)B(X \rightarrow \mu \mu)$ as a function of $c\tau(X)$ in the heavy-scalar...

  • Figure 14 right

    Data from Figure 14 right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t17

    The 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma(\Phi \rightarrow XX)B(X \rightarrow \mu \mu)$ as a function of $c\tau(X)$ in the heavy-scalar...

  • Figure 15 left

    Data from Figure 15 left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t18

    The 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma(\Phi \rightarrow XX)B(X \rightarrow \mu \mu)$ as a function of $c\tau(X)$ in the heavy-scalar...

  • Figure 15 right

    Data from Figure 15 right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t19

    The 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma(\Phi \rightarrow XX)B(X \rightarrow \mu \mu)$ as a function of $c\tau(X)$ in the heavy-scalar...

  • Figure 16 top left

    Data from Figure 16 top left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t20

    The 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma(\Phi \rightarrow XX)B(X \rightarrow \mu \mu)$ as a function of $c\tau(X)$ in the heavy-scalar...

  • Figure 16 top right

    Data from Figure 16 top right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t21

    The 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma(\Phi \rightarrow XX)B(X \rightarrow \mu \mu)$ as a function of $c\tau(X)$ in the heavy-scalar...

  • Figure 16 bottom

    Data from Figure 16 bottom

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t22

    The 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma(\Phi \rightarrow XX)B(X \rightarrow \mu \mu)$ as a function of $c\tau(X)$ in the heavy-scalar...

  • Figure 17 top left

    Data from Figure 17 top left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t23

    The 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma(\Phi \rightarrow XX)B(X \rightarrow \mu \mu)$ as a function of $c\tau(X)$ in the heavy-scalar...

  • Figure 17 top right

    Data from Figure 17 top right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t24

    The 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma(\Phi \rightarrow XX)B(X \rightarrow \mu \mu)$ as a function of $c\tau(X)$ in the heavy-scalar...

  • Figure 17 bottom left

    Data from Figure 17 bottom left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t25

    The 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma(\Phi \rightarrow XX)B(X \rightarrow \mu \mu)$ as a function of $c\tau(X)$ in the heavy-scalar...

  • Figure 17 bottom right

    Data from Figure 17 bottom right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t26

    The 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma(\Phi \rightarrow XX)B(X \rightarrow \mu \mu)$ as a function of $c\tau(X)$ in the heavy-scalar...

  • Figure 18 top left

    Data from Figure 18 top left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t27

    The 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma(H \rightarrow Z_DZ_D)B(Z_D \rightarrow \mu \mu)$ as a function of $c\tau(Z_D)$ in the HAHM...

  • Figure 18 top right

    Data from Figure 18 top right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t28

    The 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma(H \rightarrow Z_DZ_D)B(Z_D \rightarrow \mu \mu)$ as a function of $c\tau(Z_D)$ in the HAHM...

  • Figure 18 center left

    Data from Figure 18 center left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t29

    The 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma(H \rightarrow Z_DZ_D)B(Z_D \rightarrow \mu \mu)$ as a function of $c\tau(Z_D)$ in the HAHM...

  • Figure 18 center right

    Data from Figure 18 center right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t30

    The 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma(H \rightarrow Z_DZ_D)B(Z_D \rightarrow \mu \mu)$ as a function of $c\tau(Z_D)$ in the HAHM...

  • Figure 18 bottom left

    Data from Figure 18 bottom left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t31

    The 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma(H \rightarrow Z_DZ_D)B(Z_D \rightarrow \mu \mu)$ as a function of $c\tau(Z_D)$ in the HAHM...

  • Figure 18 bottom right

    Data from Figure 18 right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t32

    The 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma(H \rightarrow Z_DZ_D)B(Z_D \rightarrow \mu \mu)$ as a function of $c\tau(Z_D)$ in the HAHM...

  • Figure 19 left

    Data from Figure 19 left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t33

    Observed 95% CL exclusion contours in the HAHM model, in the ($m(Z_D)$, $c\tau(Z_D)$) plane. The contours correspond to several representative...

  • Figure 19 right

    Data from Figure 19 right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t34

    Observed 95% CL exclusion contours in the HAHM model, in the ($m(Z_D)$, $\epsilon$) plane. The contours correspond to several representative...

  • Table A1

    Data from Table A1

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t35

    Background estimations and observed numbers of events in the STA-STA dimuon category in 2016 and 2018 data. For each probed...

  • Table A2

    Data from Table A2

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t36

    Background estimations and observed numbers of events in the TMS-TMS dimuon category in 2016 data. For each mass interval, the...

  • Table A3

    Data from Table A3

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t37

    Background estimations and observed numbers of events in the TMS-TMS dimuon category in 2016 data. For each mass interval, the...

  • Table A4

    Data from Table A4

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t38

    Correspondence between the probed LLP masses and the chosen mass intervals in the TMS-TMS category.

  • Table A5

    Data from Table A5

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t39

    Background estimations and observed numbers of events in the STA-TMS dimuon category in 2016 and 2018 data. For each probed...

  • Table A6

    Data from Table A6

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t40

    Number of events passing consecutive sets of selection criteria, in 2018 data and in a sample of simulated $\Phi \rightarrow...

  • Figure A1 left

    Data from Figure A1 left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t41

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow \mu\mu + anything$ signal process with...

  • Figure A1 right

    Data from Figure A1 right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t42

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow \mu\mu + anything$ signal process with...

  • Figure A2 left

    Data from Figure A2 left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t43

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow \mu\mu + anything$ signal process with...

  • Figure A2 right

    Data from Figure A2 right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t44

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow \mu\mu + anything$ signal process with...

  • Figure A3 top left

    Data from Figure A3 top left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t45

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow \mu\mu + anything$ signal process with...

  • Figure A3 top right

    Data from Figure A3 top right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t46

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow \mu\mu + anything$ signal process with...

  • Figure A3 bottom

    Data from Figure A3 bottom

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t47

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow \mu\mu + anything$ signal process with...

  • Figure A4 top left

    Data from Figure A4 top left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t48

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow \mu\mu + anything$ signal process with...

  • Figure A4 top right

    Data from Figure A4 top right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t49

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow \mu\mu + anything$ signal process with...

  • Figure A4 bottom left

    Data from Figure A4 bottom left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t50

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow \mu\mu + anything$ signal process with...

  • Figure A4 bottom right

    Data from Figure A4 bottom right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t51

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow \mu\mu + anything$ signal process with...

  • Figure A5 left

    Data from Figure A5 left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t52

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow 4\mu$ signal process with $m(\Phi) =...

  • Figure A5 right

    Data from Figure A5 right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t53

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow 4\mu$ signal process with $m(\Phi) =...

  • Figure A6 left

    Data from Figure A6 left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t54

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow 4\mu$ signal process with $m(\Phi) =...

  • Figure A6 right

    Data from Figure A6 right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t55

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow 4\mu$ signal process with $m(\Phi) =...

  • Figure A7 top left

    Data from Figure A7 top left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t56

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow 4\mu$ signal process with $m(\Phi) =...

  • Figure A7 top right

    Data from Figure A7 top right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t57

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow 4\mu$ signal process with $m(\Phi) =...

  • Figure A7 bottom

    Data from Figure A7 bottom

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t58

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow 4\mu$ signal process with $m(\Phi) =...

  • Figure A8 top left

    Data from Figure A8 top left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t59

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow 4\mu$ signal process with $m(\Phi) =...

  • Figure A8 top right

    Data from Figure A8 top right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t60

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow 4\mu$ signal process with $m(\Phi) =...

  • Figure A8 bottom left

    Data from Figure A8 bottom left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t61

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow 4\mu$ signal process with $m(\Phi) =...

  • Figure A8 bottom right

    Data from Figure A8 bottom right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t62

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $\Phi \rightarrow XX \rightarrow 4\mu$ signal process with $m(\Phi) =...

  • Figure A9 top left

    Data from Figure A9 top left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t63

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $H \rightarrow Z_DZ_D \rightarrow \mu\mu + anything$ signal process with...

  • Figure A9 top right

    Data from Figure A9 top right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t64

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $H \rightarrow Z_DZ_D \rightarrow \mu\mu + anything$ signal process with...

  • Figure A9 center left

    Data from Figure A9 center left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t65

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $H \rightarrow Z_DZ_D \rightarrow \mu\mu + anything$ signal process with...

  • Figure A9 center right

    Data from Figure A9 center right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t66

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $H \rightarrow Z_DZ_D \rightarrow \mu\mu + anything$ signal process with...

  • Figure A9 bottom left

    Data from Figure A9 bottom left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t67

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $H \rightarrow Z_DZ_D \rightarrow \mu\mu + anything$ signal process with...

  • Figure A9 bottom right

    Data from Figure A9 bottom right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t68

    Overall signal efficiencies as a function of $c\tau$ for the $H \rightarrow Z_DZ_D \rightarrow \mu\mu + anything$ signal process with...

  • Figure A14 top left

    Data from Figure A14 top left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t69

    Signal efficiencies as a function of the smaller of the two values of generated muon $p_T$ and $d_0$ in dimuons...

  • Figure A14 top right

    Data from Figure A14 top right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t70

    Signal efficiencies as a function of the smaller of the two values of generated muon $p_T$ and $d_0$ in dimuons...

  • Figure A14 center left

    Data from Figure A14 center left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t71

    Signal efficiencies as a function of the smaller of the two values of generated muon $p_T$ and $d_0$ in dimuons...

  • Figure A14 center right

    Data from Figure A14 center right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t72

    Signal efficiencies as a function of the smaller of the two values of generated muon $p_T$ and $d_0$ in dimuons...

  • Figure A14 bottom left

    Data from Figure A14 bottom left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t73

    Signal efficiencies as a function of the smaller of the two values of generated muon $p_T$ and $d_0$ in dimuons...

  • Figure A14 bottom right

    Data from Figure A14 bottom right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t74

    Signal efficiencies as a function of the smaller of the two values of generated muon $p_T$ and $d_0$ in dimuons...

  • Figure A15 top left

    Data from Figure A15 top left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t75

    Signal efficiencies as a function of the smaller of the two values of generated muon $p_T$ and $d_0$ in dimuons...

  • Figure A15 top right

    Data from Figure A15 top right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t76

    Signal efficiencies as a function of the smaller of the two values of generated muon $p_T$ and $d_0$ in dimuons...

  • Figure A15 center left

    Data from Figure A15 center left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t77

    Signal efficiencies as a function of the smaller of the two values of generated muon $p_T$ and $d_0$ in dimuons...

  • Figure A15 center right

    Data from Figure A15 center right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t78

    Signal efficiencies as a function of the smaller of the two values of generated muon $p_T$ and $d_0$ in dimuons...

  • Figure A15 bottom left

    Data from Figure A15 bottom left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t79

    Signal efficiencies as a function of the smaller of the two values of generated muon $p_T$ and $d_0$ in dimuons...

  • Figure A15 bottom right

    Data from Figure A15 bottom right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t80

    Signal efficiencies as a function of the smaller of the two values of generated muon $p_T$ and $d_0$ in dimuons...

  • Figure A16 left

    Data from Figure A16 left

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t81

    Signal efficiencies as a function of the smaller of the two values of generated muon $p_T$ and $d_0$ in dimuons...

  • Figure A16 right

    Data from Figure A16 right

    10.17182/hepdata.129518.v2/t82

    Signal efficiencies as a function of the smaller of the two values of generated muon $p_T$ and $d_0$ in dimuons...

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