Observation of four top quark production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

The CMS collaboration
Phys.Lett.B 847 (2023) 138290, 2023.

Abstract (data abstract)
The observation of the production of four top quarks in proton-proton collisions is reported, based on a data sample collected by the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in 2016-2018 at the CERN LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 $\text{fb}^{-1}$.Events with two same-sign, three, or four charged leptons (electrons and muons) and additional jets are analyzed.Compared to previous results in these channels, updated identification techniques for charged leptons and jets originating from the hadronization of $b$ quarks, as well as a revised multivariate analysis strategy to distinguish the signal process from the main backgrounds, lead to an improved expected signal significance of 4.9 standard deviations above the background-only hypothesis.Four top quark production is observed with a significance of 5.6 standard deviations, and its cross section is measured to be $17.6^{+3.7}_{-3.5} \text{(stat)} ^{+2.3}_{-1.9} \text{(syst)}$, in agreement with the available theoretical predictions.

  • Figure 8

    Figure 8, page 14

    10.17182/hepdata.138420.v1/t1

    Comparison of fit results in the channels individually and in their combination. The left panel shows the values of the...

  • Table 3

    Table 3, page 14

    10.17182/hepdata.138420.v1/t2

    Number of predicted and observed events in the SR-2$\ell$ and SR-3$\ell$ $t\bar{t}t\bar{t}$ classes, both before the fit to the data...

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