Particle production as a function of charged-particle flattenicity in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

The ALICE collaboration
Phys.Rev.D 111 (2025) 012010, 2025.

Abstract (data abstract)
This paper reports the first measurement of the transverse momentum spectra of primary charged pions, kaons, (anti)protons, and unidentified particles as a function of the charged-particle flattenicity in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13~\mathrm{TeV}$. Flattenicity is a novel event shape observable that is measured in the pseudorapidity intervals covered by the V0 detector, $2.8<\eta<5.1$ and $-3.7<\eta<-1.7$. According to QCD-inspired phenomenological models, it shows sensitivity to multiparton interactions and is less affected by biases due to local multiplicity fluctuations in the V0 acceptance than multiplicity. The analysis is performed in minimum-bias (MB) as well as in high-multiplicity events up to $p_{\mathrm{T}}=20$ GeV/$c$. The event selection requires at least one charged particle produced in the pseudorapidity interval $|\eta|<1$. The measured $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ distributions, average $p_{\mathrm{T}}$, kaon-to-pion and proton-to-pion particle ratios, presented in this paper, are compared to model calculations using \py based on color strings and \ep. The modification of the $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-spectral shapes in low-flattenicity events that have large event activity with respect to those measured in MB events develops a pronounced peak at intermediate $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ ($2<p_{\mathrm{T}}<8$ GeV/$c$), and approach to the vicinity of unity at higher $p_{\mathrm{T}}$. Results are qualitatively described by PYTHIA and qualitatively different with respect to the analyses as a function of multiplicity.

  • Table 1

    Data from Figure 4 (top figure, upper panel)

    10.17182/hepdata.156787.v1/t1

    Transverse momentum spectrum of $\pi^{+} + \pi^{-}$ measured at midrapidity ($|y|<0.5$) in INEL>0 pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV...

  • Table 2

    Data from Figure 4 (top figure, upper panel)

    10.17182/hepdata.156787.v1/t2

    Transverse momentum spectrum of $K^{+} + K^{-}$ measured at midrapidity ($|y|<0.5$) in INEL>0 pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV...

  • Table 3

    Data from Figure 4 (top figure, upper panel)

    10.17182/hepdata.156787.v1/t3

    Transverse momentum spectrum of $p + \overline{p}$ measured at midrapidity ($|y|<0.5$) in INEL>0 pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV...

  • Table 4

    Data from Figure 4 (top figure, upper panel)

    10.17182/hepdata.156787.v1/t4

    Transverse momentum spectrum of charged hadrons measured at midrapidity ($|y|<0.5$) in INEL>0 pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV for...

  • Table 5

    Data from Figure 4 (bottom figure, upper panel)

    10.17182/hepdata.156787.v1/t5

    Transverse momentum spectrum of $\pi^{+} + \pi^{-}$ measured at midrapidity ($|y|<0.5$) in INEL>0 pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV...

  • Table 6

    Data from Figure 4 (bottom figure, upper panel)

    10.17182/hepdata.156787.v1/t6

    Transverse momentum spectrum of $K^{+} + K^{-}$ measured at midrapidity ($|y|<0.5$) in INEL>0 pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV...

  • Table 7

    Data from Figure 4 (bottom figure, upper panel)

    10.17182/hepdata.156787.v1/t7

    Transverse momentum spectrum of $p + \overline{p}$ measured at midrapidity ($|y|<0.5$) in INEL>0 pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV...

  • Table 8

    Data from Figure 4 (bottom figure, upper panel)

    10.17182/hepdata.156787.v1/t8

    Transverse momentum spectrum of charged hadrons measured at midrapidity ($|y|<0.5$) in INEL>0 pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV for...

  • Table 9

    Data from Figure 6 (bottom left panel)

    10.17182/hepdata.156787.v1/t9

    The $p_{\rm T}$-differential $(K^{+} + K^{-})/(\pi^{+}+\pi^{-})$ particle ratio for two extremes of flattenicity event classes measured in multiplicity-integrated events in...

  • Table 10

    Data from Figure 6 (top left panel)

    10.17182/hepdata.156787.v1/t10

    The $p_{\rm T}$-differential $(p + \overline{p})$/($\pi^{+}+\pi^{-}$) particle ratio for two extremes of flattenicity event classes measured in multiplicity-integrated events in...

  • Table 11

    Data from Figure 6 (bottom right panel)

    10.17182/hepdata.156787.v1/t11

    The $p_{\rm T}$-differential $(K^{+} + K^{-})/(\pi^{+}+\pi^{-})$ particle ratio for two extremes of flattenicity event classes measured in the 0-1% V0M...

  • Table 12

    Data from Figure 6 (top right panel)

    10.17182/hepdata.156787.v1/t12

    The $p_{\rm T}$-differential $(p + \overline{p})$/($\pi^{+}+\pi^{-}$) particle ratio for two extremes of flattenicity event classes measured in the 0-1% V0M...

  • Table 13

    Data from Figure 7 (left panel)

    10.17182/hepdata.156787.v1/t13

    Transverse momentum-integrated $(K^{+} + K^{-})/(\pi^{+}+\pi^{-})$ particle ratio as a function of the average charged-particle density calculated for different flattenicity event...

  • Table 14

    Data from Figure 7 (right panel)

    10.17182/hepdata.156787.v1/t14

    Transverse momentum-integrated $(p + \overline{p})$/($\pi^{+}+\pi^{-}$) particle ratio as a function of the average charged-particle density calculated for different flattenicity event...

  • Table 15

    Data from Figure 8 (left panel)

    10.17182/hepdata.156787.v1/t15

    Average transverse momentum of $\pi^{+}+\pi^{-}$ as a function of the average charged-particle density calculated for different flattenicity event classes in...

  • Table 16

    Data from Figure 8 (middle panel)

    10.17182/hepdata.156787.v1/t16

    Average transverse momentum of $K^{+} + K^{-}$ as a function of the average charged-particle density calculated for different flattenicity event...

  • Table 17

    Data from Figure 8 (right panel)

    10.17182/hepdata.156787.v1/t17

    Average transverse momentum of $p + \overline{p}$ as a function of the average charged-particle density calculated for different flattenicity event...

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