First observation of strange baryon enhancement with effective energy in pp collisions at the LHC

The ALICE collaboration
JHEP 03 (2025) 029, 2025.

Abstract (data abstract)
The production of (multi-)strange hadrons is measured at midrapidity in proton-proton (pp) collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV as a function of the local charged-particle multiplicity in the pseudorapidity interval $|\eta|<0.5$ and of the very-forward energy measured by the ALICE Zero-Degree Calorimeters (ZDC). The latter provides information on the effective energy available for particle production in the collision once subtracted from the centre-of-mass energy. The yields of $K^{0}_{S}$, $\Lambda + \overline{\Lambda}$, and $\Xi^{-} + \overline{\Xi}^{+}$ per charged-particle increase with the effective energy. In addition, this work exploits a multi-differential approach to decouple the roles of local multiplicity and effective energy in such an enhancement. The results presented in this article provide new insights into the interplay between global properties of the collision, such as the initial available energy in the event, and the locally produced final hadronic state, connected to the charged-particle multiplicity at midrapidity. Notably, a strong increase of strange baryon production with effective energy is observed for fixed charged-particle multiplicity at midrapidity. These results are discussed within the context of existing phenomenological models of hadronisation implemented in different tunes of the PYTHIA 8 event generator.

  • Table 1

    Data from Figure 4 of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t1

    Self-normalised ZN energy as a function of the self-normalised charged-particle-multiplicity in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV in the...

  • Table 2

    Data from Figure 4 of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t2

    Self-normalised ZN energy as a function of the self-normalised charged-particle-multiplicity in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV in the...

  • Table 3

    Data from Figure 4 of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t3

    Self-normalised ZN energy as a function of the self-normalised charged-particle-multiplicity in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV in the...

  • Table 4

    Data from Figure 4 of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t4

    Self-normalised ZN energy as a function of the self-normalised charged-particle-multiplicity in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV in the...

  • Table 5

    Data from Figure 4 of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t5

    Self-normalised ZN energy as a function of the self-normalised charged-particle-multiplicity in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV in the...

  • Table 6

    Data from Figure 8 (top left panel) of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t6

    $K^{0}_{S}$ transverse momentum spectrum in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV in the high-ZN-energy classification (V0M+SPDClusters event classes).

  • Table 7

    Data from Figure 8 (top center panel) of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t7

    $\Lambda+\overline{\Lambda}$ transverse momentum spectrum in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV in the high-ZN-energy classification (V0M+SPDClusters event classes).

  • Table 8

    Data from Figure 8 (top right panel) of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t8

    $\Xi^{-}+\overline{\Xi}^{+}$ transverse momentum spectrum in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV in the high-ZN-energy classification (V0M+SPDClusters event classes).

  • Table 6R

    Data from Figure 8 (bottom left panel) of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t9

    $K^{0}_{S}$ transverse momentum yield ratios to class III in the high-ZN-energy classification (V0M+SPDClusters event classes) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$...

  • Table 7R

    Data from Figure 8 (bottom center panel) of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t10

    $\Lambda+\overline{\Lambda}$ transverse momentum yield ratios to class III in the high-ZN-energy classification (V0M+SPDClusters event classes) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$...

  • Table 8R

    Data from Figure 8 (bottom right panel) of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t11

    $\Xi^{-}+\overline{\Xi}^{+}$ transverse momentum yield ratios to class III in the high-ZN-energy classification (V0M+SPDClusters event classes) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$...

  • Table 9

    Data from Figure 9 (top left panel) of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t12

    $K^{0}_{S}$ transverse momentum spectrum in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV in the high-local-multiplicity classification (V0M+SPDClusters event classes).

  • Table 10

    Data from Figure 9 (top center panel) of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t13

    $\Lambda+\overline{\Lambda}$ transverse momentum spectrum in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV in the high-local-multiplicity classification (V0M+SPDClusters event classes).

  • Table 11

    Data from Figure 9 (top right panel) of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t14

    $\Xi^{-}+\overline{\Xi}^{+}$ transverse momentum spectrum in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV in the high-local-multiplicity classification (V0M+SPDClusters event classes).

  • Table 9R

    Data from Figure 9 (bottom left panel)of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t15

    $K^{0}_{S}$ transverse momentum yield ratios to class IV in the high-local-multiplicity classification (V0M+SPDClusters event classes) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$...

  • Table 10R

    Data from Figure 9 (bottom center panel)of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t16

    $\Lambda+\overline{\Lambda}$ transverse momentum yield ratios to class IV in the high-local-multiplicity classification (V0M+SPDClusters event classes) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$...

  • Table 11R

    Data from Figure 9 (bottom right panel) of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t17

    $\Xi^{-}+\overline{\Xi}^{+}$ transverse momentum yield ratios to class IV in the high-local-multiplicity classification (V0M+SPDClusters event classes) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$...

  • Table 12

    Data from Figure 10 (left panel) and 11 of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t18

    Self-normalised yield ratios of $K^{0}_{S}$, $\Lambda+\overline{\Lambda}$, and $\Xi^{-}+\overline{\Xi}^{+}$ as a function of the self-normalised charged-particle multiplicity in pp collisions at...

  • Table 13

    Data from Figure 10 (right panel) and 11 of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t19

    Self-normalised yield ratios of $K^{0}_{S}$, $\Lambda+\overline{\Lambda}$, and $\Xi^{-}+\overline{\Xi}^{+}$ as a function of the self-normalised $ZN$ signal in pp collisions at...

  • Table 14

    Data from Figure 11 (left panels) of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t20

    Self-normalised yield ratios of $K^{0}_{S}$, $\Lambda+\overline{\Lambda}$, and $\Xi^{-}+\overline{\Xi}^{+}$ as a function of the self-normalised charged-particle multiplicity in pp collisions at...

  • Table 15

    Data from Figure 11 (left panels) of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t21

    Self-normalised yield ratios of $K^{0}_{S}$, $\Lambda+\overline{\Lambda}$, and $\Xi^{-}+\overline{\Xi}^{+}$ as a function of the self-normalised charged-particle multiplicity in pp collisions at...

  • Table 16

    Data from Figure 11 (left panels) of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t22

    Self-normalised yield ratios of $K^{0}_{S}$, $\Lambda+\overline{\Lambda}$, and $\Xi^{-}+\overline{\Xi}^{+}$ as a function of the self-normalised charged-particle multiplicity in pp collisions at...

  • Table 17

    Data from Figure 11 (left panels) of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t23

    Self-normalised yield ratios of $K^{0}_{S}$, $\Lambda+\overline{\Lambda}$, and $\Xi^{-}+\overline{\Xi}^{+}$ as a function of the self-normalised charged-particle multiplicity in pp collisions at...

  • Table 18

    Data from Figure 11 (right panels) of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t24

    Self-normalised yield ratios of $K^{0}_{S}$, $\Lambda+\overline{\Lambda}$, and $\Xi^{-}+\overline{\Xi}^{+}$ as a function of the self-normalised $ZN$ signal in pp collisions at...

  • Table 19

    Data from Figure 11 (right panels) of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t25

    Self-normalised yield ratios of $K^{0}_{S}$, $\Lambda+\overline{\Lambda}$, and $\Xi^{-}+\overline{\Xi}^{+}$ as a function of the self-normalised $ZN$ signal in pp collisions at...

  • Table 20

    Data from Figure 11 (right panels) of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t26

    Self-normalised yield ratios of $K^{0}_{S}$, $\Lambda+\overline{\Lambda}$, and $\Xi^{-}+\overline{\Xi}^{+}$ as a function of the self-normalised $ZN$ signal in pp collisions at...

  • Table 21

    Data from Figure 11 (right panels) of preprint

    10.17182/hepdata.157267.v1/t27

    Self-normalised yield ratios of $K^{0}_{S}$, $\Lambda+\overline{\Lambda}$, and $\Xi^{-}+\overline{\Xi}^{+}$ as a function of the self-normalised $ZN$ signal in pp collisions at...

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