Search for new physics in the final state with a single photon and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

The CMS collaboration
CMS-SUS-23-016, 2025.

Abstract (data abstract)
A search for new physics in events featuring a single photon and missing transverse momentum is presented, using proton-proton $\sqrt{s} = 13~\TeV$ collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 \fbinv\ collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC between 2017 and 2018. This analysis, combined with a previous study of 36 \fbinv of 2016 data (totaling 137 \fbinv), reveals no significant deviations from standard model expectations. The results are then used to establish 95% confidence level limits on parameters in theoretical models involving dark matter and large extra dimensions. Compared to the 2016-only analysis, this search achieves up to a 14% improvement in exclusion reach for mediator masses in simplified dark matter models, along with 11% and 10% enhancements in the limits on the effective field theory suppression scale and the fundamental Planck scale, respectively. These results are the most stringent constraints on these parameters to date in the monophoton final state.

  • Figure 2 left

    Data from Figure 2 left

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    Distribution of ET /pmiss for the 2017 data sets.

  • Figure 2 right

    Data from Figure 2 right

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    Distribution of ET /pmiss for the 2018 data sets.

  • Figure 3 left

    Data from Figure 3 left

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    Distribution of ∆φ(pmiss, pT ) for the 2017 data sets.

  • Figure 3 right

    Data from Figure 3 right

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    Distribution of ∆φ(pmiss, pT ) for the 2018 data sets.

  • Figure 4 left

    Data from Figure 4 left

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    Comparison of data and background post-fit distributions in the eν + γ CRs for the combination of 2017 and 2018...

  • Figure 4 right

    Data from Figure 4 right

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    Comparison of data and background post-fit distributions in the μν +γ CRs for the combination of 2017 and 2018 data...

  • Figure 5 left

    Data from Figure 5 left

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    Comparison of data and background post-fit distributions in the ee + γ CRs for the combination of 2017 and 2018...

  • Figure 5 right

    Data from Figure 5 right

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    Comparison of data and background post-fit distributions in the μμ + γ CRs for the combination of 2017 and 2018...

  • Figure 6 left

    Data from Figure 6 left

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    Comparison of data and background post-fit distributions for the vertical regions for the combination of 2017 and 2018 data sets.

  • Figure 6 right

    Data from Figure 6 right

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    Comparison of data and background post-fit distributions for the horizontal regions for the combination of 2017 and 2018 data sets.

  • Figure 7 CMS left

    Data from Figure 7 left

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    The ratio of 95% CL upper cross section limits to the theoretical cross section (μ95) for simplified DM models with...

  • Figure 7 left expected limit curve

    Data from Figure 7 left expected limit curve

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    The ratio of 95% CL upper cross section limits to the theoretical cross section (μ95) for simplified DM models with...

  • Figure 7 left observed limit curve

    Data from Figure 7 left observed limit curve

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    The ratio of 95% CL upper cross section limits to the theoretical cross section (μ95) for simplified DM models with...

  • Figure 7 Lower left

    Data from Figure 7 Lower left

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    Relic density data for Vector mediator used in Figure 7.

  • Figure 7 CMS right

    Data from Figure 7 CMS right

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    The ratio of 95% CL upper cross section limits to the theoretical cross section (μ95) for simplified DM models with...

  • Figure 7 right expected limit curve for Axial Vector

    Data from Figure 7 expected limit curve for Axial Vector

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    The ratio of 95% CL upper cross section limits to the theoretical cross section (μ95) for simplified DM models with...

  • Figure 7 right observed limit curve for Axial Vector

    Data from Figure 7 observed limit curve for Axial Vector

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    The ratio of 95% CL upper cross section limits to the theoretical cross section (μ95) for simplified DM models with...

  • Figure 7 relic Lower right

    Data from Figure 7 relic Lower right

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    Relic density data for Axial Vector mediator used in Figure 7.

  • Figure 7 relic Upper right

    Data from Figure 7 relic Upper right

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    Relic density data for Axial Vector mediator used in Figure 7.

  • Figure 8 (CMS)

    Data from Figure 8 (CMS)

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    The 90% CL exclusion limits on the $\chi$--nucleon spin-independent (left) scattering cross sections involving vector operators, respectively, are shown as...

  • Figure 8 (CDMS)

    Data from Figure 8 (CDMS)

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    The 90% CL data from CDMS lite experiment used in Figure 8.

  • Figure 8 (LZ)

    Data from Figure 8 (LZ)

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    The 90% CL data from LZ experiment used in Figure 8.

  • Figure 8 (panda)

    Data from Figure 8 (panda)

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    The 90% CL data from Panda experiment used in Figure 8.

  • Figure 8 (CRESST-II)

    Data from Figure 8 (CRESST-II)

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    The 90% CL data from CRESST experiment used in Figure 8.

  • Figure 8 (XENONnT 2023)

    Data from Figure 8 (XENONnT 2023)

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    The 90% CL data from XENONnT 2023 experiment used in Figure 8.

  • Figure 8 right (CMS)

    Data from Figure 8 (right) (CMS)

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    The 90% CL exclusion limits on the $\chi$--nucleon spin-dependent scattering cross sections involving Axial vector operators are shown as a...

  • Figure 8 (PICO)

    Data from Figure 8 (PICO)

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    The 90% CL data from PICO experiment used in Figure 8 (right).

  • Figure 8 (PICASSO)

    Data from Figure 8 (PICASSO)

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    The 90% CL data from PICASSO experiment used in Figure 8 (right).

  • Figure 8 (KAMIOKADE)

    Data from Figure 8 (kAMIOKADE)

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    The 90% CL data from Kamiokade experiment used in Figure 8 (right).

  • Figure 8 (Icecube)

    Data from Figure 8 (Icecube)

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    The 90% CL data from Icecube experiment used in Figure 8 (right).

  • Limits on Suppression Scale

    Figure 9

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    Observed and expected 95% CL limits on Suppression Scale as a function of M_{DM}, including ±1σ and ±2σ uncertainty bands.

  • Figure 10a

    Data from Figure 10 (upper curves)

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    The 95% \CL\ observed and expected cross-section limits with ±1σ and ±2σ uncertainty bands as a function of $M_D$.

  • Figure 10b

    Data from Figure 10 (theory curve)

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    Leading-order theoretical cross-section prediction as a function of $M_D$.

  • Figure 11

    Data from Figure 11

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    The 95% \CL\ upper limits on the ADD graviton production cross section as a function of \mD, for $n=3$ extra...

  • Acceptance Efficiency Table for ADD model

    ADD_hepdata.yaml

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    Acceptance × Efficiency for ADD models with varying fundamental Planck scale (M_D) and number of extra dimensions (d). This auxiliary...

  • Acceptance Efficiency Table for DM-EW model

    EWK_DM_hepdata.yaml

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    Acceptance × Efficiency for DM-EW models with varying dark matter mass.

  • Acceptance Efficiency Table for DM vector Simplified model

    hepdata_vector_acceptance.yaml

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    Acceptance × Efficiency for DM simplified model for vector mediator.

  • Acceptance Efficiency Table for DM Axial vector Simplified model

    hepdata_axialvector_acceptance.yaml

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    Acceptance × Efficiency for DM simplified model for Axial vector mediator.

  • Cutflow Table for some signal points

    cut_flow_hepdata.yaml

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    Cut flow for some signal points.

Version 2 modifications: We have made the following updates to the figures and table following Bill’s suggestions: We added the cross-section (xsec) column into the table corresponding to Figure 7 (both left and right). The z-axis title in Figure 7 has been updated to “observed μ₉₅”. We updated the DM column in Figure 6 (right) and revised the figure accordingly. We included the latest version of Figure 10, where the lines inside the green band are now properly visible. Regarding the statistical model: We do not use any ML models in our analysis. Our datacards are approved by CAT for the likelihood publication.

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