{"@context":"http://schema.org","@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1","@reverse":{"isBasedOn":[{"@type":"ScholarlyArticle","identifier":{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"URL","value":"https://inspirehep.net/literature/3144373"}}]},"@type":"Dataset","additionalType":"Collection","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"CMS Collaboration"},"creator":{"@type":"Organization","name":"CMS Collaboration"},"datePublished":"2026","description":"A search for microscopic black holes, string balls, and electroweak sphalerons using proton-proton collisions at $\\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV recorded with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC during the 2016$-$2018 data taking, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$, is presented. Two search strategies based on control samples in data are used. Model-independent limits on the cross section of physics phenomena with multiple energetic jets, leptons, and photons are set using a method that relies on the shape invariance of the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of all objects in the event. Model-dependent limits on black hole and sphaleron production are set using a newly introduced method that has been developed for the identification of collider events with distinct kinematic features by separating them into classes based on phase space proximity. In the context of models with large extra dimensions, semiclassical black holes and string balls with masses below 8.4$-$11.4 TeV and 9.0$-$10.7 TeV, respectively, are excluded at 95% confidence level, significantly extending the reach beyond previous searches. Results of a dedicated search for electroweak sphalerons are used to derive an upper limit of 0.0034 at 95% confidence level on the fraction of quark-quark interactions above the nominal sphaleron transition energy threshold of 9 TeV.","hasPart":[{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t1","@type":"Dataset","description":"The ST distribution for various black hole (with n = 2) and sphaleron signal models, together with simulated QCD multijet...","name":"Figure 1a"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t2","@type":"Dataset","description":"The sphericity distribution for various black hole (with n = 2) and sphaleron signal models, together with simulated QCD multijet...","name":"Figure 1b"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t3","@type":"Dataset","description":"The SVM score distribution for various black hole (with n = 2) and sphaleron signal models, together with simulated QCD...","name":"Figure 2a"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t4","@type":"Dataset","description":"The SVM score (with sphericity > 0.1) distribution for various black hole (with n = 2) and sphaleron signal models,...","name":"Figure 2b"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t5","@type":"Dataset","description":"The SVM score vs. the ST distributions for simulated QCD multijet background.","name":"Figure 3a"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t6","@type":"Dataset","description":"The SVM score vs. the ST distributions for a black hole signal model with $M_D = 2\\,\\mathrm{TeV}$, $M_{BH} = 10\\,\\mathrm{TeV}$...","name":"Figure 3b"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t7","@type":"Dataset","description":"The $S_T$ distribution in the SI-VR in data, indicated by the black markers. The background prediction is represented by the...","name":"Figure 4"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t8","@type":"Dataset","description":"Post-fit $S_T$ distributions in the PS-VR-Fail regions in data. The gray shaded area includes both statistical and systematic uncertainties on...","name":"Figure 5a"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t9","@type":"Dataset","description":"Post-fit $S_T$ distributions in the PS-VR-Pass regions in data. The gray shaded area includes both statistical and systematic uncertainties on...","name":"Figure 5b"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t10","@type":"Dataset","description":"The $S_T$ distribution in the $N \\geq 4$ SI-SR in data, indicated by the black markers, with the background prediction...","name":"Figure 6"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t11","@type":"Dataset","description":"Expected and observed model-independent 95% CL limits for $N\\geq4$.","name":"Figure 7a"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t12","@type":"Dataset","description":"Observed limits with different minimum object multiplicity requirements.","name":"Figure 7b"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t13","@type":"Dataset","description":"Post-fit ST distributions in the PS-Fail regions in data. The gray shaded area includes both statistical and systematic uncertainties on...","name":"Figure 8a"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t14","@type":"Dataset","description":"Post-fit ST distributions in the PS-Pass regions in data. The gray shaded area includes both statistical and systematic uncertainties on...","name":"Figure 8b"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t15","@type":"Dataset","description":"Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits for B1 models with MD = 2 TeV. The blue curves represent the...","name":"Figure 9a"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t16","@type":"Dataset","description":"Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits for B1 models with MD = 4 TeV. The blue curves represent the...","name":"Figure 9b"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t17","@type":"Dataset","description":"Observed excluded minimum black hole mass as a function of the fundamental Planck scale MD for BlackMax models with n...","name":"Figure 10a"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t18","@type":"Dataset","description":"Observed excluded minimum black hole mass as a function of the fundamental Planck scale MD for Charybdis models with n...","name":"Figure 10b"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t19","@type":"Dataset","description":"The observed maximum number of excluded extra dimensions as a function of the fundamental Planck scale MD for BlackMax models...","name":"Figure 11a"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t20","@type":"Dataset","description":"The observed maximum number of excluded extra dimensions as a function of the fundamental Planck scale MD for Charybdis models...","name":"Figure 11b"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t21","@type":"Dataset","description":"Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits for string ball models with MS = 3.5 TeV and gS= 0.2.","name":"Figure 12a"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t22","@type":"Dataset","description":"Observed minimum string ball mass as a function of the string scale MS for string ball models with gS =...","name":"Figure 12b"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t23","@type":"Dataset","description":"Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the pre-exponential factor for the sphaleron model with p(NCS) = 0.5.","name":"Figure 13a"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t24","@type":"Dataset","description":"Observed 95% CL upper limits on the pre-exponential factor of the sphaleron production as a function of the sphaleron energy...","name":"Figure 13b"},{"@id":"https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.165871.v1/t25","@type":"Dataset","description":"Selection efficiencies for Black Hole and Sphaleron signal models.","name":"Signal Cutflow Efficiency"}],"identifier":[{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"HEPDataRecord","value":"https://www.hepdata.net/record/ins3144373?version=1"},{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"HEPDataRecordAlt","value":"https://www.hepdata.net/record/165871"}],"inLanguage":"en","name":"A search for microscopic black holes, string balls, and sphalerons in proton-proton collisions at $\\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV","provider":{"@type":"Organization","name":"HEPData"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"HEPData"},"url":"https://www.hepdata.net/record/ins3144373?version=1","version":1}