Sample fit projections onto the $q_{out}$, $q_{side}$, and $q_{long}$ axes respectively for four angular bins relative to the reaction. These projections are from results for 10-20% central, 19.6 GeV Au+Au collisions with 0.15 < $k_T$ < 0.6 GeV/c.

Energy dependence of the HBT parameters for central Au+Au, Pb+Pb, and Pb+Au collisions at mid-rapidity and $\langle k_T \rangle \approx 0.22$ GeV/c. Errors on NA44, NA49, WA98, and CERES, points include systematic errors.The systematic errors for STAR points at all energies (from Table II) are of similar size to error bar for 39 GeV, shown as a representative example. Errors on other results are statistical only, to emphasize the trend.

The $\langle m_T \rangle$ dependence of $R_{out}$, $R_{side}$ and $R_{long}$ for all energies at 0-5% centrality. Errors are statistical only. These plot shows the difference (between $R_{out}$ and $R_{side}$) and the ratio $R_{out}$ / $R_{side}$ respectively.

The $\langle m_T \rangle$ dependence of $R_{out}$, $R_{side}$ and $R_{long}$ for each energy and multiple centralities. Errors are statistical only.

The dependence of the HBT radii on multiplicity,$\langle dN_{ch}/d\eta \rangle^{1/3}$, for $k_T\approx 0.22$ GeV/c and$k_T\approx 0.39$ GeV/c. Results are for Au+Au collisions at STAR at 7 GeV. Errors are statistical only.

The dependence of the HBT radii on multiplicity,$\langle dN_{ch}/d\eta \rangle^{1/3}$, for $k_T\approx 0.22$ GeV/c and$k_T\approx 0.39$ GeV/c. Results are for Au+Au collisions at STAR at 11.5 GeV. Errors are statistical only.

The dependence of the HBT radii on multiplicity,$\langle dN_{ch}/d\eta \rangle^{1/3}$, for $k_T\approx 0.22$ GeV/c and$k_T\approx 0.39$ GeV/c. Results are for Au+Au collisions at STAR at 19.6 GeV. Errors are statistical only.

The dependence of the HBT radii on multiplicity,$\langle dN_{ch}/d\eta \rangle^{1/3}$, for $k_T\approx 0.22$ GeV/c and$k_T\approx 0.39$ GeV/c. Results are for Au+Au collisions at STAR at 27 GeV. Errors are statistical only.

The dependence of the HBT radii on multiplicity,$\langle dN_{ch}/d\eta \rangle^{1/3}$, for $k_T\approx 0.22$ GeV/c and$k_T\approx 0.39$ GeV/c. Results are for Au+Au collisions at STAR at 39 GeV. Errors are statistical only.

The dependence of the HBT radii on multiplicity,$\langle dN_{ch}/d\eta \rangle^{1/3}$, for $k_T\approx 0.22$ GeV/c and$k_T\approx 0.39$ GeV/c. Results are for Au+Au collisions at STAR at 62.4 GeV. Errors are statistical only.

The dependence of the HBT radii on multiplicity,$\langle dN_{ch}/d\eta \rangle^{1/3}$, for $k_T\approx 0.22$ GeV/c and$k_T\approx 0.39$ GeV/c. Results are for Au+Au collisions at STAR at 200 GeV. Errors are statistical only.

The dependence of the HBT radii on multiplicity,$\langle dN_{ch}/d\eta \rangle^{1/3}$, for $k_T\approx 0.22$ GeV/c and$k_T\approx 0.39$ GeV/c. Results are for Si+Al collisions at E802, Pb+Au at CERES, Pb+Pb at ALICE. Errors are statistical only.

The beam energy dependence of the volume of the regions of homogeneity at kinetic freeze-out in central Au+Au, Pb+Pb and Pb+Au collisions with $k_T\approx 0.22$ GeV/c.

The lifetime, $\tau$, of the system as a function of beam energy for central Au+Au collisions assuming a temperature of T = 0.12 GeV at kinetic freeze-out.

Centrality dependence of the Fourier coefficients that describe azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii, at mid-rapidity (−0.5 < y < 0.5), in 7.7 GeV collisions with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c for the azimuthally integrated radii and the 0th-order Fourier coefficients. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties.

Centrality dependence of the Fourier coefficients that describe azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii, at mid-rapidity (−0.5 < y < 0.5), in 7.7 GeV collisions with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c, from the HHLW method (Gaussian fits to each angular bin) and a single global fit to all angular bins to directly. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties.

Centrality dependence of the Fourier coefficients that describe azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii, at backward(−1<y<−0.5), forward(0.5<y<1)and mid(−0.5<y< 0.5) rapidity, in 7.7 GeV collisions with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c using the global fit method. Error bars include only statistical uncertain- ties.

Centrality dependence of the Fourier coefficients that describe azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii, at mid-rapidity (−0.5 < y < 0.5), in 11.5 GeV collisions with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c for the azimuthally integrated radii and the 0th-order Fourier coefficients. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties.

Centrality dependence of the Fourier coefficients that describe azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii, at mid-rapidity (−0.5 < y < 0.5), in 11.5 GeV collisions with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c, from the HHLW method (Gaussian fits to each angular bin) and a single global fit to all angular bins to directly. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties.

Centrality dependence of the Fourier coefficients that describe azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii, at backward(−1<y<−0.5), forward(0.5<y<1) and mid(−0.5<y< 0.5) rapidity, in 11.5 GeV collisions with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c using the global fit method. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties.

Centrality dependence of the Fourier coefficients that describe azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii, at mid-rapidity (−0.5 < y < 0.5), in 19.6 GeV collisions with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c for the azimuthally integrated radii and the 0th-order Fourier coefficients. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties.

Centrality dependence of the Fourier coefficients that describe azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii, at mid-rapidity (−0.5 < y < 0.5), in 19.6 GeV collisions with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c, from the HHLW method (Gaussian fits to each angular bin) and a single global fit to all angular bins to directly. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties.

Centrality dependence of the Fourier coefficients that describe azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii, at backward(−1<y<−0.5), forward(0.5<y<1) and mid(−0.5<y< 0.5) rapidity, in 19.6 GeV collisions with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c using the global fit method. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties.

Centrality dependence of the Fourier coefficients that describe azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii, at mid-rapidity (−0.5 < y < 0.5), in 27 GeV collisions with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c for the azimuthally integrated radii and the 0th-order Fourier coefficients. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties.

Centrality dependence of the Fourier coefficients that describe azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii, at mid-rapidity (−0.5 < y < 0.5), in 27 GeV collisions with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c, from the HHLW method (Gaussian fits to each angular bin) and a single global fit to all angular bins to directly. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties.

Centrality dependence of the Fourier coefficients that describe azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii, at backward(−1<y<−0.5), forward(0.5<y<1) and mid(−0.5<y< 0.5) rapidity, in 27 GeV collisions with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c using the global fit method. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties.

Centrality dependence of the Fourier coefficients that describe azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii, at mid-rapidity (−0.5 < y < 0.5), in 39 GeV collisions with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c for the azimuthally integrated radii and the 0th-order Fourier coefficients. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties.

Centrality dependence of the Fourier coefficients that describe azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii, at mid-rapidity (−0.5 < y < 0.5), in 39 GeV collisions with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c, from the HHLW method (Gaussian fits to each angular bin) and a single global fit to all angular bins to directly. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties.

Centrality dependence of the Fourier coefficients that describe azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii, at backward(−1<y<−0.5), forward(0.5<y<1) and mid(−0.5<y< 0.5) rapidity, in 39 GeV collisions with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c using the global fit method. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties.

Centrality dependence of the Fourier coefficients that describe azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii, at mid-rapidity (−0.5 < y < 0.5), in 62.4 GeV collisions with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c for the azimuthally integrated radii and the 0th-order Fourier coefficients. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties.

Centrality dependence of the Fourier coefficients that describe azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii, at mid-rapidity (−0.5 < y < 0.5), in 62.4 GeV collisions with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c, from the HHLW method (Gaussian fits to each angular bin) and a single global fit to all angular bins to directly. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties.

Centrality dependence of the Fourier coefficients that describe azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii, at backward(−1<y<−0.5), forward(0.5<y<1) and mid(−0.5<y< 0.5) rapidity, in 62.4 GeV collisions with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c using the global fit method. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties.

Centrality dependence of the Fourier coefficients that describe azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii, at mid-rapidity (−0.5 < y < 0.5), in 200 GeV collisions with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c for the azimuthally integrated radii and the 0th-order Fourier coefficients. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties.

Centrality dependence of the Fourier coefficients that describe azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii, at mid-rapidity (−0.5 < y < 0.5), in 200 GeV collisions with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c, from the HHLW method (Gaussian fits to each angular bin) and a single global fit to all angular bins to directly. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties.

Centrality dependence of the Fourier coefficients that describe azimuthal oscillations of the HBT radii, at backward(−1<y<−0.5), forward(0.5<y<1) and mid(−0.5<y< 0.5) rapidity, in 200 GeV collisions with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c using the global fit method. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties.

Beam energy dependence of the $R_{ol,0}^2$ cross term for forward and backward rapidity with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c.

The eccentricity of the collisions at kinetic freez-out, εF , as a function of initial eccentricity relative to the participant plane, ε$_{PP}$, at mid-rapidity. All results are for ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties. The line has a slope of one indicating no change in shape.

The dependence of the kinetic freeze-out eccentricity of pions on collision energy in mid-central Au+Au collisions (E895, STAR) and Pb+Au collisions (CERES) for three rapidity regions and with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c. Several (2+1)D hydrodynamical models and UrQMD calculations are shown. Model centralities correspond to the data.

The dependence of the kinetic freeze-out eccentricity of pions on collision energy in mid-central Au+Au collisions using UrQMD calculations, (2+1)D hydro MC-KLN and (2+1)D hydro MC-GLB models with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties. Model centralities correspond to the data.

The dependence of the kinetic freeze-out eccentricity of pions on collision energy in mid-central Au+Au collisions using (2+1)D hydro EOS-Q, (2+1)D hydro EOS-H, and (2+1)D hydro EOS-I models with ⟨$k_T$⟩ ≈ 0.31 GeV/c. Error bars include only statistical uncertainties. Model centralities correspond to the data.

The dielectron $v_2$ as a function of $p_T$ in minimum-bias Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV for the $\eta$ mass region.

The dielectron $v_2$ as a function of $p_T$ in minimum-bias Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV for the charm + $ ho^0$ mass region.

The dielectron $v_2$ as a function of $p_T$ in minimum-bias Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV for the $\omega$ mass region.

The dielectron $v_2$ as a function of $p_T$ in minimum-bias Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV for the $\phi$ mass region.

The dielectron $v_2$ as a function of $p_T$ in minimum-bias Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV for the charm + thermal radiation mass region.

The dielectron $v_2$ as a function of $p_T$ in minimum-bias Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV expected from decays of a mesonic cocktail.

The dielectron $v_2$ as a function of $p_T$ in minimum-bias Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV expected from decays of a mesonic cocktail.

The dielectron $v_2$ as a function of $p_T$ in minimum-bias Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV expected from decays of a mesonic cocktail.

The dielectron $v_2$ as a function of $p_T$ in minimum-bias Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV expected from decays of a mesonic cocktail.

The dielectron $v_2$ as a function of $p_T$ in minimum-bias Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV expected from decays of a mesonic cocktail.

The dielectron $v_2$ as a function of $p_T$ in minimum-bias Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV expected from the $car{c}$ contribution.

The $p_T$-integrated dielectron $v_2$ as a function of $M_{ee}$ in minimum-bias Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

The $v_2$ of hadrons $\pi$, $K$, $p$, $\phi$ and $\Lambda$ in minimum-bias Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV for the $\pi^0$ mass region.

The $p_T$-integrated dielectron $v_2$ as a function of $M_{ee}$ in minimum-bias Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV, expected from the decays of $\pi^0$, $\eta$, $\omega$ and $\phi$ and from the $car{c}$ contribution.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected mean (M) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 27 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected mean (M) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 39 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected mean (M) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected mean (M) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected standard deviation ($\sigma$) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 7.7 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected standard deviation ($\sigma$) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 11.5 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected standard deviation ($\sigma$) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 19.6 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected standard deviation ($\sigma$) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 27 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected standard deviation ($\sigma$) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 39 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected standard deviation ($\sigma$) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected standard deviation ($\sigma$) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected skewness ($S$) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 7.7 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected skewness ($S$) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 11.5 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected skewness ($S$) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 19.6 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected skewness ($S$) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 27 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected skewness ($S$) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 39 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected skewness ($S$) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected skewness ($S$) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected kurtosis ($\kappa$) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 7.7 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected kurtosis ($\kappa$) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 11.5 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected kurtosis ($\kappa$) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 19.6 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected kurtosis ($\kappa$) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 27 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected kurtosis ($\kappa$) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 39 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected kurtosis ($\kappa$) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected kurtosis ($\kappa$) of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The dotted lines represent calculations from the central limit theorem. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected $S\sigma$ of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 7.7 GeV. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected $S\sigma$ of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 11.5 GeV. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected $S\sigma$ of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 19.6 GeV. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected $S\sigma$ of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 27 GeV. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected $S\sigma$ of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 39 GeV. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected $S\sigma$ of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected $S\sigma$ of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected $\kappa\sigma^2$ of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 7.7 GeV. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected $\kappa\sigma^2$ of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 11.5 GeV. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected $\kappa\sigma^2$ of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 19.6 GeV. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected $\kappa\sigma^2$ of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 27 GeV. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected $\kappa\sigma^2$ of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 39 GeV. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected $\kappa\sigma^2$ of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected $\kappa\sigma^2$ of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of number of participating nucleons $N_{part}$ for Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The error bars are statisticaland systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected $\sigma^2/M$ of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of collision energy for Au+Au collisions. The error bars are statistical and the caps represent systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected $S\sigma^2$ of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of collision energy for Au+Au collisions. The error bars are statistical and the caps represent systematic errors.

The efficiency and centrality bin width corrected $\kappa\sigma^2$ of the net-charge multiplicity distributions as a function of collision energy for Au+Au collisions. The error bars are statistical and the caps represent systematic errors.

Directed flow for $\pi^{+}$ and $\pi^{-}$ versus rapidity for intermediate-centrality (10-40$\%$) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200, 62.4, 39, 27, 19.6, 11.5 and 7.7 GeV. Errors are statistical only.

Directed flow slope $dv_{1}/dy$ of protons, antiprotons and $\pi^{\pm}$ near midrapidity versus beam energy for intermediate-centrality (10-40$\%$) Au+Au collisions.

Directed flow slope $dv_{1}/dy$ of net-protons near midrapidity versus beam energy for intermediate-centrality (10-40$\%$) Au+Au collisions. Datapoints for protons and antiprotons can be found in Table5.

e+ e− invariant mass spectrum from $\sqrt{s_{{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV Au + Au minimum bias (0%–80%) collisions compared to a hadronic cocktail simulation.

Mass spectrum of the excess (data minus cocktail) in the low mass region compared to model calculations. Green brackets depict the total systematic uncertainties including those from cocktails. Systematic errors are highly correlated across all data points.

Integrated dielectron yields in the mass regions of 0.30-0.76 (rho-like), 0.76-0.80 (omega-like), and 0.98-1.05 (phi-like) GeV/c^2 compared to hadronic cocktails within the STAR acceptance as a function of centrality.

Integrated dielectron yields in the mass regions of 0.30-0.76 (rho-like), 0.76-0.80 (omega-like), and 0.98-1.05 (phi-like) GeV/c^2 compared to hadronic cocktails within the STAR acceptance as a function of dielectron $p_T$.

Yields scaled by Npart for the rho-like region with cocktail subtracted, the omega-like and phi-like regions without subtraction as a function of Npart.

Dielectron mass spectra scaled with Npart from minimum bias (0%–80%) collisions.

Dielectron mass spectra scaled with Npart from central (0%–10%) collisions.

The ratio of Npart scaled dielectron yields between the central and minimum bias collisions.

$R_{dAu}$ vs. $y$.

Comparison of our d+Au measurements to the pA measurements from E772. Ratio of $\Upsilon$ production in pA to pp scaled by mass number as a function of mass number. Shown are the 1S and 2S+3S $\Upsilon$ measurements from E772 and our 1S measurement.

Comparison of our d+Au measurements to the pA measurements from E772. Exponent $\alpha$ as a function of $x_{F}$.

Invariant mass distributions of electron pairs in the region $|y_{ee}| < 1.0$ for the centrality selections $30-60\%$.

Invariant mass distributions of electron pairs in the region $|y_{ee}| < 1.0$ for the centrality selections $10-30\%$.

Invariant mass distributions of electron pairs in the region $|y_{ee}| < 1.0$ for the centrality selections $0-10\%$.

Nuclear modification factor for $\Upsilon$(1S+2S+3S), in $|y| < 1.0$ in d+Au and Au+Au collisions as a function of $N_{part}$.

Nuclear modification factor for $\Upsilon$(1S+2S+3S), in $|y| < 0.5$, in d+Au and Au+Au collisions as a function of $N_{part}$.

Nuclear modification factor for $\Upsilon$(1S) in $|y| < 1.0$, in d+Au and Au+Au collisions as a function of $N_{part}$.

Nuclear modification factor for $\Upsilon$(1S) in $|y| < 0.5$, in d+Au and Au+Au collisions as a function of $N_{part}$.

Nuclear modification factor of quarkonium states as a function of binding energy as measured by STAR.

Total $J/\psi$ efficiency as a function of cos$\theta$ for $2 < p_{T}^{J/\psi} < 3$ GeV/c

Total $J/\psi$ efficiency as a function of cos$\theta$ for $3 < p_{T}^{J/\psi} < 4$ GeV/c

Total $J/\psi$ efficiency as a function of cos$\theta$ for $4 < p_{T}^{J/\psi} < 6$ GeV/c

Different contributions to total $J/\psi$ efficiency as a function of cos$\theta$ for $2 < p_{T}^{J/\psi} < 3$ GeV/c

Different contributions to total $J/\psi$ efficiency as a function of cos$\theta$ for $3 < p_{T}^{J/\psi} < 4$ GeV/c

Different contributions to total $J/\psi$ efficiency as a function of cos$\theta$ for $4 < p_{T}^{J/\psi} < 6$ GeV/c

Corrected cos$\theta$ distribution for $2 < p_{T}^{J/\psi} < 3$ GeV/c

Corrected cos$\theta$ distribution for $3 < p_{T}^{J/\psi} < 4$ GeV/c

Corrected cos$\theta$ distribution for $4 < p_{T}^{J/\psi} < 6$ GeV/c

$J/\psi$ polarization parameter $\lambda_{\theta}$ as a function of $J/\psi$ $p_{T}$ for rapidity |y|<1

The invariant yield versus transverse momentum for |y| < 1 in 0-60% centrality in Au+Au collisions (solid circles). The results are compared to high-$p_T$ (3 < $p_T$ < 10 GeV/c) results from STAR [9] (solid squares) and PHENIX data [8] (open squares). Also shown is the yield in 0-60% centrality Cu+Cu collisions for low $p_T$ (solid triangles) and high $p_T$ [48] (open triangles). The models are described in the text [49, 50]. The $J/\psi$ cross section in p+p collisions is also shown at STAR (stars) and PHENIX [51] (diamonds), and the scale is indicated on the right axis.

The $J/\psi$ nuclear modification factor versus transverse momentum for |y| < 1 and $p_T$ < 5 GeV/c for 0-60% centrality Au+Au collisions (solid circles). The data are compared with STAR high-$p_T$ (5 < $p_T$ < 10 GeV/c) results [9] and PHENIX results [8] in |y| < 0.35 (open squares). The statistical and systematic uncertainties on the baseline $J/\psi$ cross section in p+p collisions are indicated by the hatched and solid bands, respectively. Boxes on the vertical axes represent the uncertainty on $N_{coll}$ combined with the uncertainty on the inelastic cross section in p+p collisions

The $J/\psi$ nuclear modification factor versus transverse momentum for |y| < 1 and $p_T$ < 5 GeV/c for 0-20% centrality Au+Au collisions (solid circles). The data are compared with STAR high-$p_T$ (5 < $p_T$ < 10 GeV/c) results [9] and PHENIX results [8] in |y| < 0.35 (open squares). The statistical and systematic uncertainties on the baseline $J/\psi$ cross section in p+p collisions are indicated by the hatched and solid bands, respectively. Boxes on the vertical axes represent the uncertainty on $N_{coll}$ combined with the uncertainty on the inelastic cross section in p+p collisions

The $J/\psi$ nuclear modification factor versus transverse momentum for |y| < 1 and $p_T$ < 5 GeV/c for 20-40% centrality Au+Au collisions (solid circles). The data are compared with STAR high-$p_T$ (5 < $p_T$ < 10 GeV/c) results [9] and PHENIX results [8] in |y| < 0.35 (open squares). The statistical and systematic uncertainties on the baseline $J/\psi$ cross section in p+p collisions are indicated by the hatched and solid bands, respectively. Boxes on the vertical axes represent the uncertainty on $N_{coll}$ combined with the uncertainty on the inelastic cross section in p+p collisions

The $J/\psi$ nuclear modification factor versus transverse momentum for |y| < 1 and $p_T$ < 5 GeV/c for 40-60% centrality Au+Au collisions (solid circles). The data are compared with STAR high-$p_T$ (5 < $p_T$ < 10 GeV/c) results [9] and PHENIX results [8] in |y| < 0.35 (open squares). The statistical and systematic uncertainties on the baseline $J/\psi$ cross section in p+p collisions are indicated by the hatched and solid bands, respectively. Boxes on the vertical axes represent the uncertainty on $N_{coll}$ combined with the uncertainty on the inelastic cross section in p+p collisions

The $J/\psi$ invariant yield and nuclear modification factor as a function of centrality for |y| < 1 in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

The $J/\psi$ invariant yield $Bd^2N/(2\pi p_Tdydp_T) [(GeV/c)^{-2}]$ and nuclear modification factor as a function of transverse momentum for |y| < 1 in Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

The $J/\psi$ invariant yield and nuclear modification factor for |y| < 1 in Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

$\Delta N_p$ multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=27$ GeV for 0-5 percent, 30-40 percent and 70-80 percent collision centralities at midrapidity.

$\Delta N_p$ multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=39$ GeV for 0-5 percent, 30-40 percent and 70-80 percent collision centralities at midrapidity.

$\Delta N_p$ multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=62.4$ GeV for 0-5 percent, 30-40 percent and 70-80 percent collision centralities at midrapidity.

$\Delta N_p$ multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=200$ GeV for 0-5 percent, 30-40 percent and 70-80 percent collision centralities at midrapidity.

Centrality dependence of the cumulants of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=7.7$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of the cumulants of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=11.5$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of the cumulants of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=19.6$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of the cumulants of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=27$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of the cumulants of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=39$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of the cumulants of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=62.4$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of the cumulants of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=200$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$/Skellam and $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=7.7$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$/Skellam and $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=11.5$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$/Skellam and $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=19.6$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$/Skellam and $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=27$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$/Skellam and $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=39$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$/Skellam and $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=62.4$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$/Skellam and $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=200$ GeV.

Collision energy and centrality dependence of the net-proton $S\sigma$ and $\kappa\sigma^2$ from Au+Au and p+p collisions at RHIC.

Collision energy and centrality dependence of the net-proton $S\sigma$ and $\kappa\sigma^2$ from Au+Au and p+p collisions at RHIC.

Collision energy and centrality dependence of the net-proton $S\sigma$ and $\kappa\sigma^2$ from Au+Au and p+p collisions at RHIC.

Collision energy and centrality dependence of the net-proton $S\sigma$ and $\kappa\sigma^2$ from Au+Au and p+p collisions at RHIC.

Cumulants of net-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=7.7$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of net-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=11.5$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of net-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=19.6$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of net-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=27$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of net-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=39$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of net-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=62.4$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of net-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=200$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=7.7$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=11.5$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=19.6$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=27$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=39$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=62.4$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=200$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of anti-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=7.7$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of anti-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=11.5$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of anti-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=19.6$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of anti-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=27$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of anti-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=39$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of anti-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=62.4$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of anti-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=200$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Comparison of data to Monte Carlo for the distributions of two-photon invariant mass (left) and energy for the higher (center) and lower (right) energy photon.

Invariant mass distribution for the two-photon system with 7 < pT < 8 GeV/c.

Signal fractions calculated within the “peak region” of 0.1 < $M_{\gamma\gamma}$ < 0.2 $GeV/c^{2}$. Fractions for the full dataset as well as the subsets of longitudinal and transverse polarizations are shown as a function of pT (left), and the fractions for the transversely polarized data are shown as a function of $x_{F}$ integrated over 5 < pT < 12 GeV/c (right).

Signal fractions calculated within the “peak region” of 0.1 < $M_{\gamma\gamma}$ < 0.2 $GeV/c^{2}$. Fractions for the full dataset as well as the subsets of longitudinal and transverse polarizations are shown as a function of pT (left), and the fractions for the transversely polarized data are shown as a function of $x_{F}$ integrated over 5 < pT < 12 GeV/c (right).

Upper panel, the $\pi^{0}$ cross section (blue markers) is shown compared with an NLO pQCD cal- culation with three options for the scale parameter. The lower panel presents the ratio of the data to the pT-scale theory curve, as well as the ratio of the 2pT-scale and pT/2-scale theory curves to the pT-scale curve.

Upper panel, the $\pi^{0}$ cross section (blue markers) is shown compared with an NLO pQCD cal- culation with three options for the scale parameter. The lower panel presents the ratio of the data to the pT-scale theory curve, as well as the ratio of the 2pT-scale and pT/2-scale theory curves to the pT-scale curve.

The ALL results (blue markers) are presented with the DSSV prediction and the GRSV prediction using the best fit to polarized DIS ($\Delta$ g = std) and the maximum and minimum allowed values for gluon polarization.

The ALL results (blue markers) are presented with the DSSV prediction and the GRSV prediction using the best fit to polarized DIS ($\Delta$ g = std) and the maximum and minimum allowed values for gluon polarization.

The ALL results (blue markers) are presented with the DSSV prediction and the GRSV prediction using the best fit to polarized DIS ($\Delta$ g = std) and the maximum and minimum allowed values for gluon polarization.

The AN results are plotted versus $x_{F}$ integrated over 5 < pT < 12 GeV/c (left panel) and versus pT integrated over 0.06 < |$x_{F}$| < 0.27 (right panel).

The AN results are plotted versus $x_{F}$ integrated over 5 < pT < 12 GeV/c (left panel) and versus pT integrated over 0.06 < |$x_{F}$| < 0.27 (right panel).

The AN results are plotted versus $x_{F}$ integrated over 5 < pT < 12 GeV/c (left panel) and versus pT integrated over 0.06 < |x_{F}| < 0.27 (right panel).

The AN results are plotted versus $x_{F}$ integrated over 5 < pT < 12 GeV/c (left panel) and versus pT integrated over 0.06 < |$x_{F}$| < 0.27 (right panel).