Experimental investigation of transverse spin asymmetries in muon-p SIDIS processes: Sivers asymmetries

The COMPASS collaboration Adolph, C. ; Alekseev, M.G. ; Alexakhin, V.Yu. ; et al.
Phys.Lett.B 717 (2012) 383-389, 2012.
Inspire Record 1115721 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.59737

The COMPASS Collaboration at CERN has measured the transverse spin azimuthal asymmetry of charged hadrons produced in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering using a 160 GeV positive muon beam and a transversely polarised NH_3 target. The Sivers asymmetry of the proton has been extracted in the Bjorken x range 0.003<x<0.7. The new measurements have small statistical and systematic uncertainties of a few percent and confirm with considerably better accuracy the previous COMPASS measurement. The Sivers asymmetry is found to be compatible with zero for negative hadrons and positive for positive hadrons, a clear indication of a spin-orbit coupling of quarks in a transversely polarised proton. As compared to measurements at lower energy, a smaller Sivers asymmetry for positive hadrons is found in the region x > 0.03. The asymmetry is different from zero and positive also in the low x region, where sea-quarks dominate. The kinematic dependence of the asymmetry has also been investigated and results are given for various intervals of hadron and virtual photon fractional energy. In contrast to the case of the Collins asymmetry, the results on the Sivers asymmetry suggest a strong dependence on the four-momentum transfer to the nucleon, in agreement with the most recent calculations.

54 data tables

The Sivers asymmetry, from the 2010 data set, for positive hadrons as a function of X for full range. Also shown are the mean values of other variables plus the correlation with the Collins data measurments.

The Sivers asymmetry, from the 2010 data set, for negative hadrons as a function of X for full range. Also shown are the mean values of other variables plus the correlation with the Collins data measurments.

The Sivers asymmetry, from the 2010 data set, for positive hadrons as a function of PT for full range. Also shown are the mean values of other variables plus the correlation with the Collins data measurments.

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Experimental investigation of transverse spin asymmetries in muon-p SIDIS processes: Collins asymmetries

The COMPASS collaboration Adolph, C. ; Alekseev, M.G. ; Alexakhin, V.Yu. ; et al.
Phys.Lett.B 717 (2012) 376-382, 2012.
Inspire Record 1115720 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.59732

The COMPASS Collaboration at CERN has measured the transverse spin azimuthal asymmetry of charged hadrons produced in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering using a 160 GeV positive muon beam and a transversely polarised NH_3 target. The Collins asymmetry of the proton was extracted in the Bjorken x range 0.003<x<0.7. These new measurements confirm with higher accuracy previous measurements from the COMPASS and HERMES collaborations, which exhibit a definite effect in the valence quark region. The asymmetries for negative and positive hadrons are similar in magnitude and opposite in sign. They are compatible with model calculations in which the u-quark transversity is opposite in sign and somewhat larger than the d-quark transversity distribution function. The asymmetry is extracted as a function of Bjorken $x$, the relative hadron energy $z$ and the hadron transverse momentum p_T^h. The high statistics and quality of the data also allow for more detailed investigations of the dependence on the kinematic variables. These studies confirm the leading-twist nature of the Collins asymmetry.

54 data tables

The Collins asymmetry, from the 2010 data set, for positive hadrons as a function of X for full range. Also shown are the mean values of other variables plus the correlation with the Sivers data measurments.

The Collins asymmetry, from the 2010 data set, for negative hadrons as a function of X for full range. Also shown are the mean values of other variables plus the correlation with the Sivers data measurments.

The Collins asymmetry, from the 2010 data set, for positive hadrons as a function of PT for full range. Also shown are the mean values of other variables plus the correlation with the Sivers data measurments.

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Three-particle coincidence of the long range pseudorapidity correlation in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions

The STAR collaboration Abelev, B.I. ; Aggarwal, M.M. ; Ahammed, Z. ; et al.
Phys.Rev.Lett. 105 (2010) 022301, 2010.
Inspire Record 840812 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.102404

We report the first three-particle coincidence measurement in pseudorapidity ($\Delta\eta$) between a high transverse momentum ($p_{\perp}$) trigger particle and two lower $p_{\perp}$ associated particles within azimuth $\mid$$\Delta\phi$$\mid$$&lt;$0.7 in $\sqrt{{\it s}_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV $d$+Au and Au+Au collisions. Charge ordering properties are exploited to separate the jet-like component and the ridge (long-range $\Delta\eta$ correlation). The results indicate that the particles from the ridge are uncorrelated in $\Delta\eta$ not only with the trigger particle but also between themselves event-by-event. In addition, the production of the ridge appears to be uncorrelated to the presence of the narrow jet-like component.

15 data tables

Correlated hadron distribution in ∆φ(|η|<1 with a high-p⊥trigger particle in 0-12% Au+Au collisions for 3<p(t)⊥<10 GeV/cand 1<p(a)⊥<3GeV/c. The ZYA1-normalized flow background is shown by the curve.

Correlated hadron distribution ∆η(|∆φ|<0.7) with a high-p⊥ trigger particle in 0-12% Au+Au collisions for 3<p(t)⊥<10 GeV/c and 1<p(a)⊥<3GeV/c. The ∆η distributions are background subtracted and corrected for ∆η acceptance and are for like and unlike-sign pairs separately. The curves in are Gaussian fits. Errors are statistical.

Background-subtracted charge-independent (AAT ) correlated hadron pair density in minimum bias d+Au collisions for 3<p(t)⊥<10 GeV/cand 1<p(a)⊥<3 GeV/c. The results are for near-side correlated hadrons within |∆φ1,2|<0.7, and corrected for the 3-particle ∆η-∆η acceptance. Statistical errors at (∆η1,∆η2)∼(0,0)are approximately 0.033 for d+Au respectively.

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Version 2
Longitudinal Spin Transfer to $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda}$ Hyperons in Polarized Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV

The STAR collaboration Abelev, B.I. ; Aggarwal, M.M. ; Ahammed, Z. ; et al.
Phys.Rev.D 80 (2009) 111102, 2009.
Inspire Record 833423 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.99048

The longitudinal spin transfer, $D_{LL}$, from high energy polarized protons to $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda}$ hyperons has been measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 200 \mathrm{GeV}$ with the STAR detector at RHIC. The measurements cover pseudorapidity, $\eta$, in the range $|\eta| < 1.2$ and transverse momenta, $p_\mathrm{T}$, up to $4 \mathrm{GeV}/c$. The longitudinal spin transfer is found to be $D_{LL}= -0.03\pm 0.13(\mathrm{stat}) \pm 0.04(\mathrm{syst})$ for inclusive $\Lambda$ and $D_{LL} = -0.12 \pm 0.08(\mathrm{stat}) \pm 0.03(\mathrm{syst})$ for inclusive $\bar{\Lambda}$ hyperons with $<\eta> = 0.5$ and $<p_\mathrm{T}> = 3.7 \mathrm{GeV}/c$. The dependence on $\eta$ and $p_\mathrm{T}$ is presented.

9 data tables

The spin transfer $D_{LL}$ to (a) $\Lambda$ and (b) $\bar{\Lambda}$ hyperons produced at positive pseudorapidity with respect to the polarized proton beam from $MB$, $JP$, and $HT$ data versus hyperon transverse momenta $p_{T}$. The sizes of the statistical and systematic uncertainties are indicated by the vertical bars and bands, respectively. For clarity, the HT data points have been shifted slightly in $p_{T}$. The dotted vertical lines indicate the $p_{T}$ intervals in the analysis of HT and JP data.

The spin transfer $D_{LL}$ to (a) $\Lambda$ and (b) $\bar{\Lambda}$ hyperons produced at positive pseudorapidity with respect to the polarized proton beam from $MB$, $JP$, and $HT$ data versus hyperon transverse momenta $p_{T}$. The sizes of the statistical and systematic uncertainties are indicated by the vertical bars and bands, respectively. For clarity, the HT data points have been shifted slightly in $p_{T}$. The dotted vertical lines indicate the $p_{T}$ intervals in the analysis of HT and JP data.

The spin transfer $D_{LL}$ to (a) $\Lambda$ and (b) $\bar{\Lambda}$ hyperons produced at positive pseudorapidity with respect to the polarized proton beam from $MB$, $JP$, and $HT$ data versus hyperon transverse momenta $p_{T}$. The sizes of the statistical and systematic uncertainties are indicated by the vertical bars and bands, respectively. For clarity, the HT data points have been shifted slightly in $p_{T}$. The dotted vertical lines indicate the $p_{T}$ intervals in the analysis of HT and JP data.

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Azimuthal Charged-Particle Correlations and Possible Local Strong Parity Violation

The STAR collaboration Abelev, B.I. ; Aggarwal, M.M. ; Ahammed, Z. ; et al.
Phys.Rev.Lett. 103 (2009) 251601, 2009.
Inspire Record 830686 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.98578

Parity-odd domains, corresponding to non-trivial topological solutions of the QCD vacuum, might be created during relativistic heavy ion collisions. These domains are predicted to lead to charge separation of quarks along the system's orbital momentum axis. We investigate a three particle azimuthal correlator which is a \P even observable, but directly sensitive to the charge separation effect. We report measurements of charged hadrons near center-of-mass rapidity with this observable in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV using the STAR detector. A signal consistent with several expectations from the theory is detected. We discuss possible contributions from other effects that are not related to parity violation.

3 data tables

$\langle cos(\phi_{\alpha}+\phi_{\beta}−2\Psi_{RP})\rangle$ in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV calculated using Eq. 2. The thick solid (Au+Au) and dashed (Cu+Cu) lines represent HIJING calculations of the contributions from 3-particle correlations. Shaded bands represent uncertainty from the measurement of $v_{2}$. Collision centrality increases from left to right.

Dependence of $\langle cos(\phi_{\alpha}+\phi_{\beta}−2\Psi_{RP})\rangle$ on $\frac{1}{2}(p_{t,\alpha}+p_{t,\beta})$ calculated using no upper cut on particles’ $p_{t}$. Shaded bands represent $v_{2}$ uncertainty.

$\langle cos(\phi_{\alpha} + \phi_{\beta} − 2\Psi_{RP})\rangle$ results from 200 GeV Au+Au collisions are compared to calculations with event generators HIJING (with and without an “elliptic flow afterburner”),UrQMD (connected by dashed lines), and MEVSIM. Thick lines represent HIJING reaction-plane-independent background.


Observation of charge-dependent azimuthal correlations and possible local strong parity violation in heavy ion collisions

The STAR collaboration Abelev, B.I. ; Aggarwal, M.M. ; Ahammed, Z. ; et al.
Phys.Rev.C 81 (2010) 054908, 2010.
Inspire Record 830676 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.98577

Parity-odd domains, corresponding to non-trivial topological solutions of the QCD vacuum, might be created during relativistic heavy-ion collisions. These domains are predicted to lead to charge separation of quarks along the orbital momentum of the system created in non-central collisions. To study this effect, we investigate a three particle mixed harmonics azimuthal correlator which is a \P-even observable, but directly sensitive to the charge separation effect. We report measurements of this observable using the STAR detector in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 and 62~GeV. The results are presented as a function of collision centrality, particle separation in rapidity, and particle transverse momentum. A signal consistent with several of the theoretical expectations is detected in all four data sets. We compare our results to the predictions of existing event generators, and discuss in detail possible contributions from other effects that are not related to parity violation.

19 data tables

$\langle cos(\phi_{\alpha}+\phi_{\beta}−2\phi_{c})\rangle$ as a function of reference multiplicity for different charge combinations, before corrections for acceptance effects. In the legend the signs indicate the charge of particles $\alpha$, $\beta$, and c. The results shown are for Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV obtained in the Reversed Full Field.

$\langle cos(\phi_{\alpha}+\phi_{\beta}−2\phi_{c})\rangle$ as a function of reference multiplicity for different charge combinations, before corrections for acceptance effects. In the legend the signs indicate the charge of particles $\alpha$, $\beta$, and c. The results shown are for Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV obtained in the Full Field.

$\langle cos(\phi_{\alpha}+\phi_{\beta}−2\phi_{c})\rangle$ as a function of reference multiplicity for different charge combinations, after corrections for acceptance effects. In the legend the signs indicate the charge of particles $\alpha$, $\beta$, and c. The results shown are for Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV obtained in the Reversed Full Field.

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Version 2
Long range rapidity correlations and jet production in high energy nuclear collisions

The STAR collaboration Abelev, B.I. ; Aggarwal, M.M. ; Ahammed, Z. ; et al.
Phys.Rev.C 80 (2009) 064912, 2009.
Inspire Record 830070 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.101345

The STAR Collaboration at RHIC presents a systematic study of high transverse momentum charged di-hadron correlations at small azimuthal pair separation \dphino, in d+Au and central Au+Au collisions at $\rts = 200$ GeV. Significant correlated yield for pairs with large longitudinal separation \deta is observed in central Au+Au, in contrast to d+Au collisions. The associated yield distribution in \detano$\times$\dphi can be decomposed into a narrow jet-like peak at small angular separation which has a similar shape to that found in d+Au collisions, and a component which is narrow in \dphi and \textcolor{black}{depends only weakly on} $\deta$, the 'ridge'. Using two systematically independent analyses, \textcolor{black}{finite ridge yield} is found to persist for trigger $\pt > 6$ \GeVc, indicating that it is correlated with jet production. The transverse momentum spectrum of hadrons comprising the ridge is found to be similar to that of bulk particle production in the measured range ($2 < \pt < 4 \GeVc$).

7 data tables

FIG. $2: \quad Y_{\text {slice }}(\Delta \eta ; \delta=0.3)$ (Eq. 5 ) for central Au+Au collisions, $2 \mathrm{GeV} / \mathrm{c}<p_{t}^{a s s o c}<p_{t}^{t r i g}$, and various $p_{t}^{t r i g}$ vs. $\Delta \eta$; the shaded bands represents the systematic uncertainties due to $v_{2}$ (not shown for $6<p_{t}^{\text {trig }}<10 \mathrm{GeV} / \mathrm{c}$ ). The solid and dashed lines represents a constant or linear fit to $1<|\Delta \eta|$ $<1.8$; only shown for $3<p_{t}^{t r i g}<4 \mathrm{GeV} / c$ (see text). Some data points are displaced horizontally for clarity.

FIG. 3. Left panel: width of Gaussian fit to jet-like peak for Eq. (6) $(\Delta \eta$ width, circles) and Eq. (7) $(\Delta \phi$ width, triangles) ; $ 2 \mathrm{GeV}/c<p_{t}^{\text{assoc}}<p_{t}^{\text {trig }}$, as a function of $p_{t}^{\text {trig }},$ for central $\mathrm{Au}+$ Au collisions (filled symbols) and $d+$ Au collisions (open symbols). Some data points are displaced horizontally for clarity. Right panel: the distributions of Eqs. (6) and (7) for $4<p_{t}^{\text {trig }}<5 \mathrm{GeV} / c$ and $2 \mathrm{GeV} / c<p_{t}^{\text {assoc }}<p_{t}^{\text {trig }}$.

FIG. 3. Left panel: width of Gaussian fit to jet-like peak for Eq. (6) $(\Delta \eta$ width, circles) and Eq. (7) $(\Delta \phi$ width, triangles) ; $ 2 \mathrm{GeV}/c<p_{t}^{\text{assoc}}<p_{t}^{\text {trig }}$, as a function of $p_{t}^{\text {trig }},$ for central $\mathrm{Au}+$ Au collisions (filled symbols) and $d+$ Au collisions (open symbols). Some data points are displaced horizontally for clarity. Right panel: the distributions of Eqs. (6) and (7) for $4<p_{t}^{\text {trig }}<5 \mathrm{GeV} / c$ and $2 \mathrm{GeV} / c<p_{t}^{\text {assoc }}<p_{t}^{\text {trig }}$.

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Neutral Pion Production in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

The STAR collaboration Abelev, B.I. ; Aggarwal, M.M. ; Ahammed, Z. ; et al.
Phys.Rev.C 80 (2009) 044905, 2009.
Inspire Record 825863 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.96845

The results of mid-rapidity ($0 < y < 0.8$) neutral pion spectra over an extended transverse momentum range ($1 < p_T < 12$ GeV/$c$) in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions, measured by the STAR experiment, are presented. The neutral pions are reconstructed from photons measured either by the STAR Barrel Electro-Magnetic Calorimeter (BEMC) or by the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) via tracking of conversion electron-positron pairs. Our measurements are compared to previously published $\pi^{\pm}$ and $\pi^0$ results. The nuclear modification factors $R_{\mathrm{CP}}$ and $R_{\mathrm{AA}}$ of $\pi^0$ are also presented as a function of $p_T$ . In the most central Au+Au collisions, the binary collision scaled $\pi^0$ yield at high $p_T$ is suppressed by a factor of about 5 compared to the expectation from the yield of p+p collisions. Such a large suppression is in agreement with previous observations for light quark mesons and is consistent with the scenario that partons suffer considerable energy loss in the dense medium formed in central nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC.

20 data tables

The diphoton invariant mass distributions using the EMC-TPC method in 0-20% Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV.

The diphoton invariant mass distributions using the EMC-TPC method in 0-20% Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV.

The diphoton invariant mass distributions using the EMC-EMC method in 0-20% Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV.

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Center of mass energy and system-size dependence of photon production at forward rapidity at RHIC

The STAR collaboration Abelev, B.I. ; Aggarwal, M.M. ; Ahammed, Z. ; et al.
Nucl.Phys.A 832 (2010) 134-147, 2010.
Inspire Record 822997 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.101347

We present the multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of photons produced in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at \sqrt{s_NN} = 62.4 and 200 GeV. The photons are measured in the region -3.7 < \eta < -2.3 using the photon multiplicity detector in the STAR experiment at RHIC. The number of photons produced per average number of participating nucleon pairs increases with the beam energy and is independent of the collision centrality. For collisions with similar average numbers of participating nucleons the photon multiplicities are observed to be similar for Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at a given beam energy. The ratios of the number of charged particles to photons in the measured pseudorapidity range are found to be 1.4 +/- 0.1 and 1.2 +/- 0.1 for \sqrt{s_NN} = 62.4 GeV and 200 GeV, respectively. The energy dependence of this ratio could reflect varying contributions from baryons to charged particles, while mesons are the dominant contributors to photon production in the given kinematic region. The photon pseudorapidity distributions normalized by average number of participating nucleon pairs, when plotted as a function of \eta - ybeam, are found to follow a longitudinal scaling independent of centrality and colliding ion species at both beam energies.

14 data tables

Fig. 1. (Color online.) Top panel: Photon reconstruction efficiency $\left(\epsilon_{\gamma}\right)$ (solid symbols) and purity of photon sample $\left(f_{\mathrm{p}}\right)$ (open symbols) for PMD as a function of pseudorapidity $(\eta)$ for minimum bias $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=$ $200 \mathrm{GeV}$. Bottom panel: Comparison between estimated $\epsilon_{\gamma}$ and $f_{\mathrm{p}}$ for PMD as a function of $\eta$ for minimum bias $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4 \mathrm{GeV}$ using HIJING and AMPT models. The error bars on the AMPT data are statistical and those for HIJING are within the symbol size. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 1. (Color online.) Top panel: Photon reconstruction efficiency $\left(\epsilon_{\gamma}\right)$ (solid symbols) and purity of photon sample $\left(f_{\mathrm{p}}\right)$ (open symbols) for PMD as a function of pseudorapidity $(\eta)$ for minimum bias $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=$ $200 \mathrm{GeV}$. Bottom panel: Comparison between estimated $\epsilon_{\gamma}$ and $f_{\mathrm{p}}$ for PMD as a function of $\eta$ for minimum bias $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4 \mathrm{GeV}$ using HIJING and AMPT models. The error bars on the AMPT data are statistical and those for HIJING are within the symbol size. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 2. (Color online.) Event-by-event photon multiplicity distributions (solid circles) for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV} .$ The distributions for top $0-5 \%$ central $\mathrm{Au}+$ Au collisions and top $0-10 \%$ central $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions are also shown (open circles). The photon multiplicity distributions for central collisions are observed to be Gaussian (solid line). Only statistical errors are shown. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

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Growth of Long Range Forward-Backward Multiplicity Correlations with Centrality in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

The STAR collaboration Abelev, B.I. ; Aggarwal, M.M. ; Ahammed, Z. ; et al.
Phys.Rev.Lett. 103 (2009) 172301, 2009.
Inspire Record 819318 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.102090

Forward-backward multiplicity correlation strengths have been measured for the first time with the STAR detector for Au+Au and $\textit{p+p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. Strong short and long range correlations are seen in central (0-10%) Au+Au collisions. The magnitude of these correlations decrease with decreasing centrality until only short range correlations are observed in 40-50% Au+Au collisions. The results are in agreement with predictions from the Dual Parton and Color Glass Condensate models.

2 data tables

FB Correlation strength for Au+Au at different centralities and p+p reactions as a function of $\Delta\eta$.

Backward-forward dispersion, $D_{bf}^{2}$ and forward-forward dispersion $D_{bf}^{2}$ for Au+Au 0-10% centrality and p+p reactions as a function of $\Delta\eta$.