Transverse-energy distributions at midrapidity in $p$$+$$p$, $d$$+$Au, and Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=62.4$--200~GeV and implications for particle-production models

The PHENIX collaboration Adler, S.S. ; Afanasiev, S. ; Aidala, C. ; et al.
Phys.Rev.C 89 (2014) 044905, 2014.
Inspire Record 1273625 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.63512

Measurements of the midrapidity transverse energy distribution, $d\Et/d\eta$, are presented for $p$$+$$p$, $d$$+$Au, and Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV and additionally for Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=62.4$ and 130 GeV. The $d\Et/d\eta$ distributions are first compared with the number of nucleon participants $N_{\rm part}$, number of binary collisions $N_{\rm coll}$, and number of constituent-quark participants $N_{qp}$ calculated from a Glauber model based on the nuclear geometry. For Au$+$Au, $\mean{d\Et/d\eta}/N_{\rm part}$ increases with $N_{\rm part}$, while $\mean{d\Et/d\eta}/N_{qp}$ is approximately constant for all three energies. This indicates that the two component ansatz, $dE_{T}/d\eta \propto (1-x) N_{\rm part}/2 + x N_{\rm coll}$, which has been used to represent $E_T$ distributions, is simply a proxy for $N_{qp}$, and that the $N_{\rm coll}$ term does not represent a hard-scattering component in $E_T$ distributions. The $dE_{T}/d\eta$ distributions of Au$+$Au and $d$$+$Au are then calculated from the measured $p$$+$$p$ $E_T$ distribution using two models that both reproduce the Au$+$Au data. However, while the number-of-constituent-quark-participant model agrees well with the $d$$+$Au data, the additive-quark model does not.

43 data tables

Et EMC distributions for sqrt(sNN) = 62.4 GeV Au+Au collisions shown in 5% wide centrality bins.

Et EMC distributions for sqrt(sNN) = 62.4 GeV Au+Au collisions shown in 5% wide centrality bins.

Et EMC distributions for sqrt(sNN) = 62.4 GeV Au+Au collisions shown in 5% wide centrality bins.

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Shape, transverse size, and charged hadron multiplicity of jets in pp collisions at 7 TeV

The CMS collaboration Chatrchyan, Serguei ; Khachatryan, Vardan ; Sirunyan, Albert M ; et al.
JHEP 06 (2012) 160, 2012.
Inspire Record 1111014 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.70063

Measurements of jet characteristics from inclusive jet production in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV are presented. The data sample was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC during 2010 and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns. The mean charged hadron multiplicity, the differential and integral jet shape distributions, and two independent moments of the shape distributions are measured as functions of the jet transverse momentum for jets reconstructed with the anti-kT algorithm. The measured observables are corrected to the particle level and compared with predictions from various QCD Monte Carlo generators.

128 data tables

The measured differential jet shape $\rho(r)$ for jets with 20 GeV $< p_{\mathrm{T}} <$ 25 GeV and 0 <|y|< 0.5. The CF in the table refers to unfolding correction factor from {\sc pythia6} Tune Z2. The systematic uncertainties from different sources, jet energy scale (JES), unfolding, and single particle response (SPR), are also presented.

The measured differential jet shape $\rho(r)$ for jets with 25 GeV $< p_{\mathrm{T}} <$ 30 GeV and 0 <|y|< 0.5. The CF in the table refers to unfolding correction factor from {\sc pythia6} Tune Z2. The systematic uncertainties from different sources, jet energy scale (JES), unfolding, and single particle response (SPR), are also presented.

The measured differential jet shape $\rho(r)$ for jets with 30 GeV $< p_{\mathrm{T}} <$ 40 GeV and 0 <|y|< 0.5. The CF in the table refers to unfolding correction factor from {\sc pythia6} Tune Z2. The systematic uncertainties from different sources, jet energy scale (JES), unfolding, and single particle response (SPR), are also presented.

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Measurement of charged particle multiplicities in $pp$ collisions at ${\sqrt{s} =7}$TeV in the forward region

The LHCb collaboration Aaij, R. ; Abellan Beteta, C. ; Adeva, B. ; et al.
Eur.Phys.J.C 72 (2012) 1947, 2012.
Inspire Record 1082369 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.65435

The charged particle production in proton-proton collisions is studied with the LHCb detector at a centre-of-mass energy of ${\sqrt{s} =7}$TeV in different intervals of pseudorapidity $\eta$. The charged particles are reconstructed close to the interaction region in the vertex detector, which provides high reconstruction efficiency in the $\eta$ ranges $-2.5&lt;\eta&lt;-2.0$ and $2.0&lt;\eta&lt;4.5$. The data were taken with a minimum bias trigger, only requiring one or more reconstructed tracks in the vertex detector. By selecting an event sample with at least one track with a transverse momentum greater than 1 GeV/c a hard QCD subsample is investigated. Several event generators are compared with the data; none are able to describe fully the multiplicity distributions or the charged particle density distribution as a function of $\eta$. In general, the models underestimate the charged particle production.

8 data tables

Charged particle multiplicity distribution in minimum bias events for different pseudorapidity bins. The first quoted uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.

Charged particle multiplicity distribution in hard QCD events for different pseudorapidity bins. The first quoted uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.

Charged particle multiplicity distribution for minimum bias events in the full pseudorapidity range. The first quoted uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.

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Measurement of the Underlying Event Activity in Proton-Proton Collisions at 0.9 TeV

The CMS collaboration Khachatryan, Vardan ; Sirunyan, Albert M. ; Tumasyan, Armen ; et al.
Eur.Phys.J.C 70 (2010) 555-572, 2010.
Inspire Record 857644 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.55126

A measurement of the underlying activity in scattering processes with transverse momentum scale in the GeV region is performed in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 0.9 TeV, using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Charged hadron production is studied with reference to the direction of a leading object, either a charged particle or a set of charged particles forming a jet. Predictions of several QCD-inspired models as implemented in PYTHIA are compared, after full detector simulation, to the data. The models generally predict too little production of charged hadrons with pseudorapidity eta < 2, p_T > 0.5 GeV/c, and azimuthal direction transverse to that of the leading object.

7 data tables

Average multiplicity of charged particles per unit of pseudorapidity as a function of pseudorapidity for events with leading track-jet transverse momenta > 1 and > 3 GeV. Statistical errors only.

Average scalar sum of the transverse momenta of charged particles per unit of pseusdorapidity and per radian as a function of DELTA(PHI) for events with leading track-jet transverse momenta > 1 and > 2 GeV. Statistical errors only. Typical systematic error of 1.8 PCT at a leading track-jet PT of 3.5 GeV.

The average multiplicity and average scalar sum of transverse momenta of charge particles per unit of pseudorapidity and per radian as a function of the leading track transverse momenta. Statistical errors only. Typical systematic error of 1.8 PCT at a leading track-jet PT of 3.5 GeV.

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Particle multiplicity of unbiased gluon jets from e+ e- three jet events

The OPAL collaboration Abbiendi, G. ; Ainsley, C. ; Akesson, P.F. ; et al.
Eur.Phys.J.C 23 (2002) 597-613, 2002.
Inspire Record 565517 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.49742

The charged particle multiplicities of two- and three-jet events from the reaction e+e- -> Z0 -> hadrons are measured for Z0 decays to light quark (uds) flavors. Using recent theoretical expressions to account for biases from event selection, results corresponding to unbiased gluon jets are extracted over a range of jet energies from about 11 to 30 GeV. We find consistency between these results and direct measurements of unbiased gluon jet multiplicity from upsilon and Z0 decays. The unbiased gluon jet data including the direct measurements are compared to corresponding results for quark jets. We perform fits based on analytic expressions for particle multiplicity in jets to determine the ratio r = Ng/Nq of multiplicities between gluon and quark jets as a function of energy. We also determine the ratio of slopes, r(1) = (dNg/dy)/(dNq/dy), and of curvatures, r(2) = (d2Ng/dy2)/(d2Nq/dy2), where y specifies the energy scale. At 30 GeV, we find r = 1.422 +/- 0.051, r(1) = 1.761 +/- 0.071 and r(2) = 1.98 +/- 0.13, where the uncertainties are the statistical and systematic terms added in quadrature. These results are in general agreement with theoretical predictions. In addition, we use the measurements of the energy dependence of Ng and Nq to determine an effective value of the ratio of QCD color factors, CA/CF. Our result, CA/CF = 2.23 +/- 0.14 (total), is consistent with the QCD value of 2.25.

4 data tables

Measurements of the mean charged particle multiplicity of biased two-jet uds flavour events from Z0 decays as a function of the transverse momentum cutoff PT(C=LU) used to separate two- and three-jet events.

Measurements of the mean charged particle multiplicity of three-jet uds flavour 'Y events' from Z0 decays, as a function of the angle THETA1 between the lowest two energy jets. The results for the quark jet scale SQRT(S(C=QQBAR)) and the gluon jet scales PT(C=LU) and PT(C=LE) are also given.

Measurements of the unbiased gluon multiplicity as a function of the energy scale Q=PT(C=LU). The corresponding bins of THETA1 in 'Y events' are also indicated.

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Charged multiplicities in Z decays into u, d, and s quarks.

The OPAL collaboration Abbiendi, G. ; Ainsley, C. ; Akesson, P.F. ; et al.
Eur.Phys.J.C 19 (2001) 257-268, 2001.
Inspire Record 536266 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.49812

About 4.4 million hadronic decays of Z bosons, recorded by the OPAL detector at LEP at a centre-of-mass energy of around sqrt(s) = 91.2 GeV, are used to determine the mean charged particle multiplicities for the three light quark flavours. Events from primary u, d, and s quarks are tagged by selecting characteristic particles which carry a large fraction of the beam energy. The charged particle multiplicities are measured in the hemispheres opposite to these particles. An unfolding procedure is applied to obtain these multiplicities for each primary light quark flavour. This yields <n_u> = 17.77 +- 0.51 +0.86 -1.20, <n_d> = 21.44 +- 0.63 +1.46 -1.17, <n_s> = 20.02 +- 0.13 +0.39 -0.37, where statistical and systematic errors are given. The results for <n_u> and <n_d> are almost fully statistically anti-correlated. Within the errors the result is consistent with the flavour independence of the strong interaction for the particle multiplicities in events from the light up, down, and strange quarks.

2 data tables

No description provided.

No description provided.


QCD studies with e+ e- annihilation data at 172-GeV to 189-GeV.

The OPAL collaboration Abbiendi, G. ; Ackerstaff, K. ; Akesson, P.F. ; et al.
Eur.Phys.J.C 16 (2000) 185-210, 2000.
Inspire Record 513476 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.49000

We have studied hadronic events from e+e- annihilation data at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt{s}=172, 183 and 189 GeV. The total integrated luminosity of the three samples, measured with the OPAL detector, corresponds to 250 pb^-1. We present distributions of event shape variables, charged particle multiplicity and momentum, measured separately in the three data samples. From these we extract measurements of the strong coupling alpha_s, the mean charged particle multiplicity <nch> and the peak position xi_0 in the xi_p=ln(1/x_p) distribution. In general the data are described well by analytic QCD calculations and Monte Carlo models. Our measured values of alpha_s, <nch> and xi_0 are consistent with previous determinations at sqrt{s}=MZ.

20 data tables

Distribution of Thrust.

Distribution of Thrust Major.

Distribution of Thrust Minor.

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Charged track multiplicity in B meson decay

The CLEO collaboration Brandenburg, G. ; Ershov, A. ; Gao, Y.S. ; et al.
Phys.Rev.D 61 (2000) 072002, 2000.
Inspire Record 504672 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.47189

We have used the CLEO II detector to study the multiplicity of charged particles in the decays of B mesons produced at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance. Using a sample of 1.5 x 10^6 B meson pairs, we find the mean inclusive charged particle multiplicity to be 10.71 +- 0.02 +0.21/-0.15 for the decay of the pair. This corresponds to a mean multiplicity of 5.36 +- 0.01 +0.11/-0.08 for a single B meson. Using the same data sample, we have also extracted the mean multiplicities in semileptonic and nonleptonic decays. We measure a mean of 7.82 +- 0.05 +0.21/-0.19 charged particles per $B\bar{B}$ decay when both mesons decay semileptonically. When neither B meson decays semileptonically, we measure a mean charged particle multiplicity of 11.62 +- 0.04 +0.24/-0.18 per $B\bar{B}$ pair.

1 data table

Charged track multiplicity (i.e. charged hadron and charged lepton) in B meson decay.


Experimental properties of gluon and quark jets from a point source.

The OPAL collaboration Abbiendi, G. ; Ackerstaff, K. ; Alexander, G. ; et al.
Eur.Phys.J.C 11 (1999) 217-238, 1999.
Inspire Record 496755 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.49193

Gluon jets are identified in hadronic Z0 decays as all the particles in a hemisphere opposite to a hemisphere containing two tagged quark jets. Gluon jets defined in this manner are equivalent to gluon jets produced from a color singlet point source and thus correspond to the definition employed for most theoretical calculations. In a separate stage of the analysis, we select quark jets in a manner to correspond to calculations, as the particles in hemispheres of flavor tagged light quark (uds) events. We present the distributions of rapidity, scaled energy, the logarithm of the momentum, and transverse momentum with respect to the jet axes, for charged particles in these gluon and quark jets. We also examine the charged particle multiplicity distributions of the jets in restricted intervals of rapidity. For soft particles at large transverse momentum, we observe the charged particle multiplicity ratio of gluon to quark jets to be 2.29 +- 0.09 +- 0.15 in agreement with the prediction that this ratio should approximately equal the ratio of QCD color factors, CA/CF = 2.25. The intervals used to define soft particles and large transverse momentum for this result, p<4 GeV/c and 0.8<p_t<3.0 GeV/c, are motivated by the predictions of the Herwig Monte Carlo multihadronic event generator. Additionally, our gluon jet data allow a sensitive test of the phenomenon of non-leading QCD terms known as color reconnection. We test the model of color reconnection implemented in the Ariadne Monte Carlo multihadronic event generator and find it to be disfavored by our data.

9 data tables

(C=GLUON) and (C=QUARK) stand for jets originated from gluon and any light quark (Q=u, d, s), correspondingly. The ratio of gluon to quark jets are evaluated for 40.1 GeV jet energy.

(C=GLUON) and (C=QUARK) stand for jets originated from gluon and any light quark (Q=u, d, s), correspondingly. The ratio of gluon to quark jets are evaluated for 40.1 GeV jet energy.

(C=GLUON) and (C=QUARK) stand for jets originated from gluon and any light quark (Q=u, d, s), correspondingly. The ratio of gluon to quark jets are evaluated for 40.1 GeV jet energy.

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Color reconnection studies in e+ e- --> W+ W- at s**(1/2) = 183-GeV.

The OPAL collaboration Abbiendi, G. ; Ackerstaff, K. ; Alexander, G. ; et al.
Phys.Lett.B 453 (1999) 153-168, 1999.
Inspire Record 482314 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.47315

The predicted effects of final state interactions such as colour reconnection are investigated by measuring properties of hadronic decays of W bosons, recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s)=182.7 GeV in the OPAL detector at LEP. Dependence on the modelling of hadronic W decays is avoided by comparing W+W- -> qqqq events with the non-leptonic component of W+W- -> qqlnu events. The scaled momentum distribution, its mean value, x_p, and that of the charged particle multiplicity, n_ch, are measured and found to be consistent in the two channels. The measured differences are: Diff(x_p) = +0.7 +- 0.8 +- 0.6 and Diff(n_ch) = (-0.09 +- 0.09 +-0.05)*10**-2. In addition, measurements of rapidity and thrust are performed for W+W- -> qqqq events. The data are described well by standard QCD models and disfavour one model of colour reconnection within the ARIADNE program. The current implementation of the ELLIS-GEIGER model of colour reconnection is excluded. At the current level of statistical precision no evidence for colour reconnection effects was found in the observables studied. The predicted effect of colour reconnection on OPAL measurements of M_W is also quantified in the context of models studied.

1 data table

Here Z is defined as Z = 2*P(C=HADRON)/SQRT(S).