Observation of single-top-quark production in association with a photon using the ATLAS detector

The ATLAS collaboration Aad, Georges ; Abbott, Braden Keim ; Abbott, D.C. ; et al.
Phys.Rev.Lett. 131 (2023) 181901, 2023.
Inspire Record 2628980 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.134244

This Letter reports the observation of single top quarks produced together with a photon, which directly probes the electroweak coupling of the top quark. The analysis uses 139 fb$^{-1}$ of 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Requiring a photon with transverse momentum larger than 20 GeV and within the detector acceptance, the fiducial cross section is measured to be 688 $\pm$ 23 (stat.) $^{+75}_{-71}$ (syst.) fb, to be compared with the standard model prediction of 515 $^{+36}_{-42}$ fb at next-to-leading order in QCD.

26 data tables

This table shows the values for $\sigma_{tq\gamma}\times\mathcal{B}(t\rightarrow l\nu b)$ and $\sigma_{tq\gamma}\times\mathcal{B}(t\rightarrow l\nu b)+\sigma_{t(\rightarrow l\nu b\gamma)q}$ obtained by a profile-likelihood fit in the fiducial parton-level phase space (defined in Table 1) and particle-level phase space (defined in Table 2), respectively.

Distribution of the reconstructed top-quark mass in the $W\gamma\,$CR before the profile-likelihood fit. The "Total" column corresponds to the sum of the expected contributions from the signal and background processes. The uncertainty represents the sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties in the signal and background predictions. The first and last bins include the underflow and overflow, respectively.

Distribution of the NN output in the 0fj$\,$SR in data and the expected contribution of the signal and background processes after the profile-likelihood fit. The "Total" column corresponds to the sum of the expected contributions from the signal and background processes. The uncertainty represents the sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties in the signal and background predictions considering the correlations of the uncertainties as obtained by the fit.

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Pseudorapidity densities of charged particles with transverse momentum thresholds in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 5.02$ and $13$ TeV

The ALICE collaboration Acharya, Shreyasi ; Adamova, Dagmar ; Adler, Alexander ; et al.
Phys.Rev.D 108 (2023) 072008, 2023.
Inspire Record 2601279 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.144248

The pseudorapidity density of charged particles with minimum transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) thresholds of 0.15, 0.5, 1, and 2 GeV$/c$ is measured in pp collisions at the centre of mass energies of $\sqrt{s} =$ 5.02 and 13 TeV with the ALICE detector. The study is carried out for inelastic collisions with at least one primary charged particle having a pseudorapidity ($\eta$) within $\pm0.8$ and $p_{\rm T}$ larger than the corresponding threshold. In addition, measurements without $p_{\rm T}$-thresholds are performed for inelastic and non-single-diffractive events as well as for inelastic events with at least one charged particle having $|\eta|<1$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 5.02 TeV for the first time at the LHC. These measurements are compared to the PYTHIA 6, PYTHIA 8, and EPOS-LHC models. In general, the models describe the $\eta$ dependence of particle production well. However, discrepancies are observed for the highest transverse momentum threshold ($p_{\rm T}>2 {\rm\ GeV}/c$), highlighting the importance of such measurements for tuning event generators. The new measurements agree within uncertainties with results from the ATLAS and CMS experiments obtained at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV.

12 data tables

The distributions of $\mathrm{d}N_\mathrm{ch}/\mathrm{d}\eta$ for INEL event classes in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 5.02$ TeV

The distributions of $\mathrm{d}N_\mathrm{ch}/\mathrm{d}\eta$ for NSD event classes in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 5.02$ TeV

The distributions of $\mathrm{d}N_\mathrm{ch}/\mathrm{d}\eta$ for INEL>0 event classes in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 5.02$ TeV

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Measurement of single top-quark production in the s-channel in proton$-$proton collisions at $\mathrm{\sqrt{s}=13}$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

The ATLAS collaboration Aad, Georges ; Abbott, Braden Keim ; Abbott, D.C. ; et al.
JHEP 06 (2023) 191, 2023.
Inspire Record 2153660 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.133620

A measurement of single top-quark production in the s-channel is performed in proton$-$proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$. The analysis is performed on events with an electron or muon, missing transverse momentum and exactly two $b$-tagged jets in the final state. A discriminant based on matrix element calculations is used to separate single-top-quark s-channel events from the main background contributions, which are top-quark pair production and $W$-boson production in association with jets. The observed (expected) signal significance over the background-only hypothesis is 3.3 (3.9) standard deviations, and the measured cross-section is $\sigma=8.2^{+3.5}_{-2.9}$ pb, consistent with the Standard Model prediction of $\sigma^{\mathrm{SM}}=10.32^{+0.40}_{-0.36}$ pb.

35 data tables

Result of the s-channel single-top cross-section measurement, in pb. The statistical and systematic uncertainties are given, as well as the total uncertainty. The normalisation factors for the $t\bar{t}$ and $W$+jets backgrounds are also shown, with their total uncertainties.

Distribution of ${E}_{T}^{miss}$ after the fit of the multijet backgrounds, in the electron channel, in the signal region, without applying the cut on ${E}_{T}^{miss}$. Simulated events are normalised to the expected number of events given the integrated luminosity, after applying the normalisation factors obtained in the multijet fit. The last bin includes the overflow. The uncertainty band indicates the simulation's statistical uncertainty, the normalisation uncertainties for different processes ($40$ % for $W$+jets production, $30$ % for multijet background and $6$ % for top-quark processes) and the multijet background shape uncertainty in each bin, summed in quadrature. The lower panel of the figure shows the ratio of the data to the prediction.

Distribution of ${E}_{T}^{miss}$ after the fit of the multijet backgrounds, in the electron channel, in the $W$+jets VR, without applying the cut on ${E}_{T}^{miss}$. Simulated events are normalised to the expected number of events given the integrated luminosity, after applying the normalisation factors obtained in the multijet fit. The last bin includes the overflow. The uncertainty band indicates the simulation's statistical uncertainty, the normalisation uncertainties for different processes ($40$ % for $W$+jets production, $30$ % for multijet background and $6$ % for top-quark processes) and the multijet background shape uncertainty in each bin, summed in quadrature. The lower panel of the figure shows the ratio of the data to the prediction.

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$\Sigma(1385)^{\pm}$ resonance production in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV

The ALICE collaboration Acharya, Shreyasi ; Adamova, Dagmar ; Adler, Alexander ; et al.
Eur.Phys.J.C 83 (2023) 351, 2023.
Inspire Record 2088201 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.134042

Hadronic resonances are used to probe the hadron gas produced in the late stage of heavy-ion collisions since they decay on the same timescale, of the order of 1 to 10 fm/$c$, as the decoupling time of the system. In the hadron gas, (pseudo)elastic scatterings among the products of resonances that decayed before the kinetic freeze-out and regeneration processes counteract each other, the net effect depending on the resonance lifetime, the duration of the hadronic phase, and the hadronic cross sections at play. In this context, the $\Sigma(1385)^{\pm}$ particle is of particular interest as models predict that regeneration dominates over rescattering despite its relatively short lifetime of about 5.5 fm/$c$. The first measurement of the $\Sigma(1385)^{\pm}$ resonance production at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}= 5.02$ TeV with the ALICE detector is presented in this Letter. The resonances are reconstructed via their hadronic decay channel, $\Lambda\pi$, as a function of the transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) and the collision centrality. The results are discussed in comparison with the measured yield of pions and with expectations from the statistical hadronization model as well as commonly employed event generators, including PYTHIA8/Angantyr and EPOS3 coupled to the UrQMD hadronic cascade afterburner. None of the models can describe the data. For $\Sigma(1385)^{\pm}$, a similar behaviour as ${\rm K}^{*} (892)^{0}$ is observed in data unlike the predictions of EPOS3 with afterburner.

11 data tables

$p_{\rm{T}}$-differential yield of $\Sigma^{*+}$ + cc in Pb-Pb collisions with centre-of-mass energy/nucleon=5.02 TeV (0-10% multiplicity class).

$p_{\rm{T}}$-differential yield of $\Sigma^{*+}$ + cc in Pb-Pb collisions with centre-of-mass energy/nucleon=5.02 TeV (30-50% multiplicity class).

$p_{\rm{T}}$-differential yield of $\Sigma^{*+}$ + cc in Pb-Pb collisions with centre-of-mass energy/nucleon=5.02 TeV (50-90% multiplicity class).

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System-size dependence of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV for pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions

The ALICE collaboration Acharya, Shreyasi ; Adamova, Dagmar ; Adler, Alexander ; et al.
Phys.Lett.B 845 (2023) 137730, 2023.
Inspire Record 2070408 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.137818

We present the first systematic comparison of the charged-particle pseudorapidity densities for three widely different collision systems, pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb, at the top energy of the Large Hadron Collider ($\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV) measured over a wide pseudorapidity range (${-3.5 <\eta <5}$), the widest possible among the four experiments at that facility. The systematic uncertainties are minimised since the measurements are recorded by the same experimental apparatus (ALICE). The distributions for p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions are determined as a function of the centrality of the collisions, while results from pp collisions are reported for inelastic events with at least one charged particle at midrapidity. The charged-particle pseudorapidity densities are, under simple and robust assumptions, transformed to charged-particle rapidity densities. This allows for the calculation and the presentation of the evolution of the width of the rapidity distributions and of a lower bound on the Bjorken energy density, as a function of the number of participants in all three collision systems. We find a decreasing width of the particle production, and roughly a smooth ten fold increase in the energy density, as the system size grows, which is consistent with a gradually higher dense phase of matter.

6 data tables

$\frac{\mathrm{d}N}{\mathrm{d}\eta}$ versus $\eta$ for $x^{\pm}$ in $\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}$ at $\sqrt{s}=5.023\,\mathrm{Te\!V}$

$\frac{\mathrm{d}N}{\mathrm{d}\eta}$ versus $\eta$ for $x^{\pm}$ in $\mathrm{p}-\mathrm{Pb}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.023\,\mathrm{Te\!V}$

$\frac{\mathrm{d}N}{\mathrm{d}\eta}$ versus $\eta$ for $x^{\pm}$ in $\mathrm{Pb}-\mathrm{Pb}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.023\,\mathrm{Te\!V}$

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Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles as a function of mid and forward rapidity mutiplicities in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02, 7 and 13 TeV

The ALICE collaboration Acharya, Shreyasi ; Adamova, Dagmar ; Adler, Alexander ; et al.
Eur.Phys.J.C 81 (2021) 630, 2021.
Inspire Record 1818157 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.106205

The multiplicity dependence of the pseudorapidity density of charged particles in proton-proton (pp) collisions at centre-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02, 7 and 13 TeV measured by ALICE is reported. The analysis relies on track segments measured in the midrapidity range ($|\eta| < 1.5$). Results are presented for inelastic events having at least one charged particle produced in the pseudorapidity interval $|\eta|<1$ ($\mathrm{INEL}_{>0}$). The multiplicity dependence of the pseudorapidy density of charged particles is measured with mid and forward rapidity multiplicity estimators, the latter being less affected by autocorrelations. A detailed comparison with predictions from the PYTHIA 8 and EPOS LHC event generators is also presented. Both generators provide a good description of the data.

6 data tables

Charged-particle pseudorapidity density for forward multiplicity classes as a function of $\eta$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 5.02\,\mathrm{TeV}$. Statistical errors are generally insignificant.

Charged-particle pseudorapidity density for forward multiplicity classes as a function of $\eta$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7\,\mathrm{TeV}$. Statistical errors are generally insignificant.

Charged-particle pseudorapidity density for forward multiplicity classes as a function of $\eta$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13\,\mathrm{TeV}$. Statistical errors are generally insignificant.

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Version 2
Centrality and pseudorapidity dependence of the charged-particle multiplicity density in Xe-Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.44 TeV

The ALICE collaboration Acharya, Shreyasi ; Torales - Acosta, Fernando ; Adamova, Dagmar ; et al.
Phys.Lett.B 790 (2019) 35-48, 2019.
Inspire Record 1672756 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.88397

In this Letter, the ALICE Collaboration presents the first measurements of the charged-particle multiplicity density, $\rm{d}N_{\rm{ch}}/\rm{d}\eta$, and total charged-particle multiplicity, $N_{\rm{ch}}^{\rm{tot}}$, in Xe-Xe collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon--nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.44 TeV. The measurements are performed as a function of collision centrality over a wide pseudorapidity range of $-3.5 < \eta < 5$. The values of $\rm{d}N_{\rm{ch}}/\rm{d}\eta$ at mid-rapidity and $N_{\rm{ch}}^{\rm{tot}}$ for central collisions, normalised to the number of nucleons participating in the collision ($N_{\rm{part}}$) as a function of $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$, follow the trends established in previous heavy-ion measurements. The same quantities are also found to increase as a function of $N_{\rm{part}}$, and up to the 10% most central collisions the trends are the same as the ones observed in Pb-Pb at a similar energy. For more central collisions, the Xe-Xe scaled multiplicities exceed those in Pb-Pb for a similar $N_{\rm{part}}$. The results are compared to phenomenological models and theoretical calculations based on different mechanisms for particle production in nuclear collisions. All considered models describe the data reasonably well within 20%.

10 data tables

Charged-particle pseudorapidity density for 12 centrality classes over a broad $\eta$ range in Xe--Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}} = 5.44\,\mathrm{TeV}$. Statistical errors are generally insignificant.

Charged-particle pseudorapidity density for 12 centrality classes over a broad $\eta$ range in Xe--Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}} = 5.44\,\mathrm{TeV}$. Statistical errors are generally insignificant.

Values of $2/\langle N_\mathrm{part} \rangle \langle \mathrm{d}N_\mathrm{ch}/\mathrm{d}\eta\rangle$ and $2/\langle N_\mathrm{part} \rangle N^\mathrm{tot}_\mathrm{ch}$ in Xe--Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}} = 5.44\,\mathrm{TeV}$ for the top 5$\%$ central collisions.

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Version 2
Production of $\Sigma(1385)^{\pm}$ and $\Xi(1530)^{0}$ in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV

The ALICE collaboration Adamova, Dagmar ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca ; et al.
Eur.Phys.J.C 77 (2017) 389, 2017.
Inspire Record 1510878 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.77971

The transverse momentum distributions of the strange and double-strange hyperon resonances ($\Sigma(1385)^{\pm}$, $\Xi(1530)^{0}$) produced in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV were measured in the rapidity range $-0.5< y_{\rm{CMS}}<0$ for event classes corresponding to different charged-particle multiplicity densities, $\langle{\rm d}N_{\rm{ch}}/{\rm d}\eta_{\rm{lab}}\rangle$. The mean transverse momentum values are presented as a function of $\langle{\rm d}N_{\rm{ch}}/{\rm d}\eta_{\rm{lab}}\rangle$, as well as a function of the particle masses and compared with previous results on hyperon production. The integrated yield ratios of excited to ground-state hyperons are constant as a function of $\langle{\rm d}N_{\rm{ch}}/{\rm d}\eta_{\rm{lab}}\rangle$. The equivalent ratios to pions exhibit an increase with $\langle{\rm d}N_{\rm{ch}}/{\rm d}\eta_{\rm{lab}}\rangle$, depending on their strangeness content.

36 data tables

Average charged particle pseudo-rapidity density, $\langle\rm{d}N_{\rm{ch}}/\rm{d}\eta_{\rm{lab}}\rangle$, measured at mid-rapidity in visible cross section event classes. Multiplicity classes are defined using the V0A estimator; values for $\langle\rm{d}N_{\rm{ch}}/\rm{d}\eta_{\rm{lab}}\rangle$ are corrected for vertexing and trigger efficiency. Since statistical uncertainties are negligible, only total systematic uncertainties are reported.

Average charged particle pseudo-rapidity density, $\langle\rm{d}N_{\rm{ch}}/\rm{d}\eta_{\rm{lab}}\rangle$, measured at mid-rapidity in visible cross section event classes. Multiplicity classes are defined using the V0A estimator; values for $\langle\rm{d}N_{\rm{ch}}/\rm{d}\eta_{\rm{lab}}\rangle$ are corrected for vertexing and trigger efficiency. Since statistical uncertainties are negligible, only total systematic uncertainties are reported.

$p_{\rm{T}}$-differential yield of $\Sigma^{*+}$ in p-Pb collisions with centre-of-mass energy/nucleon=5.02 TeV (NSD).

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Centrality dependence of the pseudorapidity density distribution for charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV

The ALICE collaboration Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamova, Dagmar ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; et al.
Phys.Lett.B 772 (2017) 567-577, 2017.
Inspire Record 1507090 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.78365

We present the charged-particle pseudorapidity density in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02\,\mathrm{Te\kern-.25exV}$ in centrality classes measured by ALICE. The measurement covers a wide pseudorapidity range from $-3.5$ to $5$, which is sufficient for reliable estimates of the total number of charged particles produced in the collisions. For the most central (0-5%) collisions we find $21\,400\pm 1\,300$ while for the most peripheral (80-90%) we find $230\pm 38$. This corresponds to an increase of $(27\pm4)\%$ over the results at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76\,\mathrm{Te\kern-.25exV}$ previously reported by ALICE. The energy dependence of the total number of charged particles produced in heavy-ion collisions is found to obey a modified power-law like behaviour. The charged-particle pseudorapidity density of the most central collisions is compared to model calculations --- none of which fully describes the measured distribution. We also present an estimate of the rapidity density of charged particles. The width of that distribution is found to exhibit a remarkable proportionality to the beam rapidity, independent of the collision energy from the top SPS to LHC energies.

5 data tables

Charged-particle pseudorapidity density for ten centrality classes over a broad $\eta$ range in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}=5.02\,\mathrm{TeV}$. Boxes around the points reflect the total uncorrelated systematic uncertainties, while the filled squares on the right reflect the correlated systematic uncertainty (evaluated at $\eta=0$). Statistical errors are generally insignificant and smaller than the markers. Also shown is the reflection of the $3.5<\eta<5$ values around $\eta=0$ (open circles). The line corresponds to fits of the difference between two Gaussians centred at $\eta=0$ ($f_{\text{GG}}$) [PLB754.373] to the data.

Charged-particle pseudorapidity density at midrapidity in most perihperhal (80-90%) Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\scriptscriptstyle\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02\,\mathrm{TeV}$.

Total number of charged particles as a function of the mean number of participating nucleons [PRC88.044909]. The total charged-particle multiplicity is given as the integral over $\mathrm{d}N_{\mathrm{ch}}/\mathrm{d}\eta$ over the measured region ($-3.5<\eta<5$) and extrapolations from fitted functions in the unmeasured regions. The contribution from unmeasured $\eta$ regions amounts to $\approx30\%$ of the total number of charged particles. The uncertainty on the extrapolation to the unmeasured pseudorapidity region is smaller than the size of the markers. The contribution to the systematic uncertainties from the centrality determination and electromagnetic processes are vanishing compared to the contribution from the largest differences between the fitted functions. A function inspired by factorisation [PRC83.024913] is fitted to the data, and the best fit yields $a=51.5\pm7.3$, $b=0.16\pm0.05$.

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Version 2
Charged-particle distributions at low transverse momentum in $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV pp interactions measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The ATLAS collaboration Aaboud, Morad ; Aad, Georges ; Abbott, Brad ; et al.
Eur.Phys.J.C 76 (2016) 502, 2016.
Inspire Record 1467230 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.73907

Measurements of distributions of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions with a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are presented. The data were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 151 $\mu$b$^{-1}$. The particles are required to have a transverse momentum greater than 100 MeV and an absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.5. The charged-particle multiplicity, its dependence on transverse momentum and pseudorapidity and the dependence of the mean transverse momentum on multiplicity are measured in events containing at least two charged particles satisfying the above kinematic criteria. The results are corrected for detector effects and compared to the predictions from several Monte Carlo event generators.

20 data tables

The average charged-particle muliplicity per unit of rapidity for ETARAP=0 as a function of the centre-of-mass energy.

The average charged-particle muliplicity per unit of rapidity for ETARAP=0 as a function of the centre-of-mass energy.

The extrapolated ($\tau > 30$ ps) average charged-particle muliplicity per unit of rapidity for ETARAP=0 as a function of the centre-of-mass energy.

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