Upper limits on the production cross section times branching fraction of the b* RH hypothesis at a 95% CL. Dashed colored lines show the expected limits from the l+jets and all-hadronic channels, where the latter start at resonance masses of 1.4 TeV. The observed and expected limits from the combination are shown as solid and dashed black lines, respectively. The green and yellow bands show the 68 and 95% confidence intervals on the combined expected limits.

Upper limits on the production cross section times branching fraction of the b* VL hypothesis at a 95% CL. Dashed colored lines show the expected limits from the l+jets and all-hadronic channels, where the latter start at resonance masses of 1.4 TeV. The observed and expected limits from the combination are shown as solid and dashed black lines, respectively. The green and yellow bands show the 68 and 95% confidence intervals on the combined expected limits.

Upper limits on the production cross section times branching fraction of the B+b hypothesis at a 95% CL. Dashed colored lines show the expected limits from the l+jets and all-hadronic channels, where the latter start at resonance masses of 1.4 TeV. The observed and expected limits from the combination are shown as solid and dashed black lines, respectively. The green and yellow bands show the 68 and 95% confidence intervals on the combined expected limits.

Upper limits on the production cross section times branching fraction of the B+t hypothesis at a 95% CL. Dashed colored lines show the expected limits from the l+jets and all-hadronic channels, where the latter start at resonance masses of 1.4 TeV. The observed and expected limits from the combination are shown as solid and dashed black lines, respectively. The green and yellow bands show the 68 and 95% confidence intervals on the combined expected limits.

Dijet signal efficiencies as a function of the signal mass and lifetime for events satisfying all event and vertex requirements, with corrections based on systematic differences in the vertex reconstruction efficiency between data and simulation.

The distribution of $d_{\mathrm{BV}}$ for $\geq$5-track one-vertex events in data and three simulated multijet signal samples each with a mass of 1600 GeV. The production cross section for each signal model is assumed to be the lower limit excluded by CMS-EXO-17-018, corresponding to values of 0.8, 0.25, and 0.15 fb for the samples with $c\tau =$ 0.3, 1.0, and 10 mm, respectively. The last bin includes the overflow events. This bin includes one event in data with a vertex with large $d_{\mathrm{BV}}$ that appears to arise from tracks originating from separate pp interaction vertices, consistent with background.

Distribution of the $x$-$y$ distances between vertices, $d_{\mathrm{VV}}$, for 2017 and 2018 data. The background distribution $d_{\mathrm{VV}}^{\kern 0.15em\mathrm{C}}$ (blue continuous line) is constructed from one-vertex events in data, and is normalized to the number of two-vertex events in data with two 3-track vertices. The two vertical red dashed lines separate the regions used in the fit.

Distribution of the $x$-$y$ distances between vertices, $d_{\mathrm{VV}}$, for 2017 and 2018 data. The background distribution $d_{\mathrm{VV}}^{\kern 0.15em\mathrm{C}}$ (blue continuous line) is constructed from one-vertex events in data, and is normalized to the number of two-vertex events in data which have exactly one 4-track vertex and one 3-track vertex. The two vertical red dashed lines separate the regions used in the fit.

Distribution of the $x$-$y$ distances between vertices, $d_{\mathrm{VV}}$, for 2017 and 2018 data. The background distribution $d_{\mathrm{VV}}^{\kern 0.15em\mathrm{C}}$ (blue continuous line) is constructed from one-vertex events in data, and is normalized to the number of two-vertex events in data with two 4-track vertices. The two vertical red dashed lines separate the regions used in the fit.

Distribution of the $x$-$y$ distances between vertices, $d_{\mathrm{VV}}$, for 2017 and 2018 data. The background distribution $d_{\mathrm{VV}}^{\kern 0.15em\mathrm{C}}$ (blue continuous line) is constructed from one-vertex events in data, and is normalized using $\geq$5-track one-vertex event information. The two vertical red dashed lines separate the regions used in the fit.

Predicted yields for the background-only normalized template, predicted yields for three simulated multijet signals each with a mass of 1600 GeV, and the observed yield in each $d_{\mathrm{VV}}$ bin. The production cross section for each signal model is assumed to be the lower limit excluded by CMS-EXO-17-018, corresponding to values of 0.8, 0.25, and 0.15 fb for samples with $c\tau =$ 0.3, 1.0, and 10 mm, respectively. The uncertainties in the signal yields and the systematic uncertainties in the background prediction reflect the systematic uncertainties given in the text.

Observed 95% CL upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction squared for the multijet signals, as a function of mass and $c\tau$. The overlaid mass-lifetime exclusion curves assume pair-production cross sections for the neutralino (red) and gluino (purple) with 100% branching fraction to each model's respective decay mode specified. The solid black (dashed colored) lines represent the observed (median expected) limits at 95% CL. The thin black lines represent the variation of the observed limit within theoretical uncertainties of the signal cross section. The thin dashed colored lines represent the region containing 68% of the expected limit distribution under the background-only hypothesis. The observed limits from the CMS displaced jets search (CMS-EXO-19-021) are also shown in teal for comparison.

Observed 95% CL upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction squared for the multijet signals, as a function of mass and $c\tau$. The overlaid mass-lifetime exclusion curves assume pair-production cross sections for the neutralino (red) and gluino (purple) with 100% branching fraction to each model's respective decay mode specified. The solid black (dashed colored) lines represent the observed (median expected) limits at 95% CL. The thin black lines represent the variation of the observed limit within theoretical uncertainties of the signal cross section. The thin dashed colored lines represent the region containing 68% of the expected limit distribution under the background-only hypothesis. The observed limits from the CMS displaced jets search (CMS-EXO-19-021) are also shown in teal for comparison.

Observed 95% CL upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction squared for the multijet signals, as a function of mass and $c\tau$. The overlaid mass-lifetime exclusion curves assume pair-production cross sections for the neutralino (red) and gluino (purple) with 100% branching fraction to each model's respective decay mode specified. The solid black (dashed colored) lines represent the observed (median expected) limits at 95% CL. The thin black lines represent the variation of the observed limit within theoretical uncertainties of the signal cross section. The thin dashed colored lines represent the region containing 68% of the expected limit distribution under the background-only hypothesis. The observed limits from the CMS displaced jets search (CMS-EXO-19-021) are also shown in teal for comparison.

Observed 95% CL upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction squared for the dijet signals, as a function of mass and $c\tau$. The overlaid mass-lifetime exclusion curves assume pair-production cross sections for the top squark with 100% branching fraction to each model's respective decay mode specified. The solid black (dashed colored) lines represent the observed (median expected) limits at 95% CL. The thin black lines represent the variation of the observed limit within theoretical uncertainties of the signal cross section. The thin dashed colored lines represent the region containing 68% of the expected limit distribution under the background-only hypothesis. The observed limits from the CMS displaced jets search (CMS-EXO-19-021) are also shown in teal for comparison.

Observed 95% CL upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction squared for the dijet signals, as a function of mass and $c\tau$. The overlaid mass-lifetime exclusion curves assume pair-production cross sections for the top squark with 100% branching fraction to each model's respective decay mode specified. The solid black (dashed colored) lines represent the observed (median expected) limits at 95% CL. The thin black lines represent the variation of the observed limit within theoretical uncertainties of the signal cross section. The thin dashed colored lines represent the region containing 68% of the expected limit distribution under the background-only hypothesis. The observed limits from the CMS displaced jets search (CMS-EXO-19-021) are also shown in teal for comparison.

Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction squared, as a function of mass for multijet signals, for a fixed $c\tau$ of 300um in the full Run-2 data set. The neutralino and gluino pair production cross sections are shown for the multijet signals.

Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction squared, as a function of mass for dijet signals, for a fixed $c\tau$ of 300um in the full Run-2 data set. The top squark pair-production cross section is shown for the dijet signals.

Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction squared, as a function of mass for multijet signals, for a fixed $c\tau$ of 1 mm in the full Run-2 data set. The neutralino and gluino pair production cross sections are shown for the multijet signals.

Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction squared, as a function of mass for dijet signals, for a fixed $c\tau$ of 1 mm in the full Run-2 data set. The top squark pair-production cross section is shown for the dijet signals.

Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction squared, as a function of mass for multijet signals, for a fixed $c\tau$ of 10 mm in the full Run-2 data set. The neutralino and gluino pair production cross sections are shown for the multijet signals.

Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction squared, as a function of mass for dijet signals, for a fixed $c\tau$ of 10 mm in the full Run-2 data set. The top squark pair-production cross section is shown for the dijet signals.

Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction squared, as a function of $c\tau$ for multijet signals, for a fixed mass of 800 GeV in the full Run-2 data set. The neutralino and gluino pair production cross sections are shown for the multijet signals.

Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction squared, as a function of $c\tau$ for dijet signals, for a fixed mass of 800 GeV in the full Run-2 data set. The top squark pair-production cross section is shown for the dijet signals.

Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction squared, as a function of $c\tau$ for multijet signals, for a fixed mass of 1600 GeV in the full Run-2 data set. The neutralino and gluino pair production cross sections are shown for the multijet signals.

Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction squared, as a function of $c\tau$ for dijet signals, for a fixed mass of 1600 GeV in the full Run-2 data set. The top squark pair-production cross section is shown for the dijet signals.

Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction squared, as a function of $c\tau$ for multijet signals, for a fixed mass of 2400 GeV in the full Run-2 data set. The neutralino and gluino pair production cross sections are shown for the multijet signals. For $m$ = 2400 GeV, the expected neutralino cross section is $\approx 8\times 10^{-5}$ fb and is not shown.

Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction squared, as a function of $c\tau$ for dijet signals, for a fixed mass of 2400 GeV in the full Run-2 data set. The top squark pair-production cross section is shown for the dijet signals.

Data-to-simulation efficiency correction factors, shown for multijet and dijet signal topologies in several ranges of $c\tau$. Note that these correction factors account for the two long-lived particles in the simulated events, and are therefore the total correction factors used to scale event yields rather than the correction factors one would apply to individual vertices.

Distribution of the azimuthal angle between vertices, $\Delta\phi_{\mathrm{VV}}$, for 2017 and 2018 data. The background distribution (blue continuous line) is constructed from 3-track one-vertex events in data, and is normalized to the number of 3-track two-vertex events in data.

Distribution of the azimuthal angle between vertices, $\Delta\phi_{\mathrm{VV}}$, for 2017 and 2018 data. The background distribution (blue continuous line) is constructed from 4-track and 3-track one-vertex events in data, and is normalized to the number of two-vertex events in data which have exactly one 4-track vertex and one 3-track vertex.

Distribution of the azimuthal angle between vertices, $\Delta\phi_{\mathrm{VV}}$, for 2017 and 2018 data. The background distribution (blue continuous line) is constructed from 4-track one-vertex events in data, and is normalized to the number of 4-track two-vertex events in data.

Distribution of the azimuthal angle between vertices, $\Delta\phi_{\mathrm{VV}}$, for 2017 and 2018 data. The background distribution (blue continuous line) is constructed from $\geq$5-track one-vertex events in data, and is normalized using one-vertex event information. No $\geq$5-track two-vertex data events pass the selection.

The $p_{\rm T}$ bin width and corrected yield ratios R21 and R31 for $|y| < 0.6$. The statistical and systematic uncertainties in the corrected yield ratios are given as the percentage of the ratio.

The $p_{\rm T}$ bin width and corrected yield ratios R21 and R31 for $0.6 < |y| < 1.2$. The statistical and systematic uncertainties in the corrected yield ratios are given as the percentage of the ratio.

The $p_{\rm T}$ bin width and corrected yield ratios R21 and R31 for $|y| < 1.2$. The statistical and systematic uncertainties in the corrected yield ratios are given as the percentage of the ratio.

The dimuon acceptance $\mathcal{A}$ calculated using the CMS measured polarization and its positive and negative uncertainties $\mathcal{A}(\sigma^{\pm})$, and the values of the acceptance assuming no polarization $\mathcal{A}$(unpol), transverse polarization $\mathcal{A}(T)$, and longitudinal polarization $\mathcal{A}(L)$ for the $\Upsilon$(1S) state and $|y| <0.6$.

The dimuon acceptance $\mathcal{A}$ calculated using the CMS measured polarization and its positive and negative uncertainties $\mathcal{A}(\sigma^{\pm})$, and the values of the acceptance assuming no polarization $\mathcal{A}$(unpol), transverse polarization $\mathcal{A}(T)$, and longitudinal polarization $\mathcal{A}(L)$ for the $\Upsilon $(1S) state and $0.6 < |y| < 1.2$.

The dimuon acceptance $\mathcal{A}$ calculated using the CMS measured polarization and its positive and negative uncertainties $\mathcal{A}(\sigma^{\pm})$, and the values of the acceptance assuming no polarization $\mathcal{A}$(unpol), transverse polarization $\mathcal{A}(T)$, and longitudinal polarization $\mathcal{A}(L)$ for the $\Upsilon $(1S) state and $|y| < 1.2$.

The dimuon acceptance $\mathcal{A}$ calculated using the CMS measured polarization and its positive and negative uncertainties $\mathcal{A}(\sigma^{\pm})$, and the values of the acceptance assuming no polarization $\mathcal{A}$(unpol), transverse polarization $\mathcal{A}(T)$, and longitudinal polarization $\mathcal{A}(L)$ for the $\Upsilon $(2S) state and $|y| < 0.6$.

The dimuon acceptance $\mathcal{A}$ calculated using the CMS measured polarization and its positive and negative uncertainties $\mathcal{A}(\sigma^{\pm})$, and the values of the acceptance assuming no polarization $\mathcal{A}$(unpol), transverse polarization $\mathcal{A}(T)$, and longitudinal polarization $\mathcal{A}(L)$ for the $\Upsilon $(2S) state and $0.6 < |y| < 1.2$.

The dimuon acceptance $\mathcal{A}$ calculated using the CMS measured polarization and its positive and negative uncertainties $\mathcal{A}(\sigma^{\pm})$, and the values of the acceptance assuming no polarization $\mathcal{A}$(unpol), transverse polarization $\mathcal{A}(T)$, and longitudinal polarization $\mathcal{A}(L)$ for the $\Upsilon $(2S) state and $|y| < 1.2$.

The dimuon acceptance $\mathcal{A}$ calculated using the CMS measured polarization and its positive and negative uncertainties $\mathcal{A}(\sigma^{\pm})$, and the values of the acceptance assuming no polarization $\mathcal{A}$(unpol), transverse polarization $\mathcal{A}(T)$, and longitudinal polarization $\mathcal{A}(L)$ for the $\Upsilon $(3S) state and $|y| < 0.6$.

The dimuon acceptance $\mathcal{A}$ calculated using the CMS measured polarization and its positive and negative uncertainties $\mathcal{A}(\sigma^{\pm})$, and the values of the acceptance assuming no polarization $\mathcal{A}$(unpol), transverse polarization $\mathcal{A}(T)$, and longitudinal polarization $\mathcal{A}(L)$ for the $\Upsilon $(3S) state and $0.6 < |y| < 1.2$.

The dimuon acceptance $\mathcal{A}$ calculated using the CMS measured polarization and its positive and negative uncertainties $\mathcal{A}(\sigma^{\pm})$, and the values of the acceptance assuming no polarization $\mathcal{A}$(unpol), transverse polarization $\mathcal{A}(T)$, and longitudinal polarization $\mathcal{A}(L)$ for the $\Upsilon $(3S) state and $|y| < 1.2$.

Expected and observed 95% CL cross section exclusion contours for top squark pair production in the plane of top squark lifetime ($c\tau$) and top squark mass. These limits assume a branching fraction of 100\% through the RPV vertex $\tilde{t}$ $\to$ b l, where the branching fraction to any lepton flavor is equal to 1/3. As indicated in the plot, the region to the left of the contours is excluded by this search.

Electron reconstruction efficiency as function of its tranverse impact parameter, $d_0$.

Muon reconstruction efficiency as function of its tranverse impact parameter, $d_0$.

Electron selection efficiency as function of its tranverse momentum, $p_T$.

Muon selection efficiency as function of its tranverse momentum, $p_T$.

Observed and expected 95% CL exclusions on the mass of various resonances. Systematic uncertainties are taken into account. For excited b quark the expected mass limit is below the range of this analysis. For the Axigluon/coloron and color-octet scalar only observed mass limits are computed.

Observed 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma B A$ as a function of resonance mass for several values of the width-to-mass ratio $\Gamma$ / M, computed for qq $\to$ G $\to$ qq.

Observed 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma B A$ as a function of resonance mass for several values of the width-to-mass ratio $\Gamma$ / M, computed for gg $\to$ G $\to$ gg.

Observed 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma B A$ for QBHs from the inclusive analysis. These limits are valid for the number of extra dimensions n considered in this paper, ranging from 1 to 6.

Observed 95% CL lower limits on ${M_{QBH}}^{min}$ for different numbers of extra dimensions n and several values of M$_{D}$.

Correction factors defined as the ratio of the full cross section obtained from Eqs. (5)-(7) to the cross section from the narrow-width approximation calculations, as a function of the resonance mass, for qq resonances and for eight different resonance widths in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=8 TeV.

Correction factors defined as the ratio of the full cross section obtained from Eqs. (5)-(7) to the cross section from the narrow-width approximation calculations, as a function of the resonance mass, for gg resonances and for eight different resonance widths in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=8 TeV.

The cross section measurement as a function of the transverse momentum of the second leading jet.

The cross section measurement as a function of the transverse momentum of the third leading jet.

The cross section measurement as a function of the transverse momentum of the fourth leading jet.

The cross section measurement as a function of the absolute value of the pseudorapidity of the leading jet.

The cross section measurement as a function of the absolute value of the pseudorapidity of the second leading jet.

The cross section measurement as a function of the absolute value of the pseudorapidity of the third leading jet.

The cross section measurement as a function of the absolute value of the pseudorapidity of the fourth leading jet.

The cross section measurement as a function of the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of jets (HT) for jet multiplicities of one or more.

The cross section measurement as a function of the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of jets (HT) for jet multiplicities of two or more.

The cross section measurement as a function of the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of jets (HT) for jet multiplicities of three or more.

The cross section measurement as a function of the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of jets (HT) for jet multiplicities of four or more.

The differential cross section measurement as a function of the transverse momentum of the second leading jet.

The differential cross section measurement as a function of the transverse momentum of the third leading jet.

The differential cross section measurement as a function of the transverse momentum of the fourth leading jet.

The differential cross section measurement as a function of the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of jets (HT) for jet multiplicities of one or more.

The differential cross section measurement as a function of the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of jets (HT) for jet multiplicities of two or more.

The differential cross section measurement as a function of the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of jets (HT) for jet multiplicities of three or more.

The differential cross section measurement as a function of the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of jets (HT) for jet multiplicities of four or more.

The differential cross section measurement as a function of the absolute value of the pseudorapidity of the first leading jet.

The differential cross section measurement as a function of the absolute value of the pseudorapidity of the first second jet.

The differential cross section measurement as a function of the absolute value of the pseudorapidity of the third leading jet.

The differential cross section measurement as a function of the absolute value of the pseudorapidity of the fourth leading jet.

The differential cross section measurement as a function of the absolute value of the azimuthal separation between the first leading jet and the muon.

The differential cross section measurement as a function of the absolute value of the azimuthal separation between the second leading jet and the muon.

The differential cross section measurement as a function of the absolute value of the azimuthal separation between the third leading jet and the muon.

The differential cross section measurement as a function of the absolute value of the azimuthal separation between the fourth leading jet and the muon.

Selection efficiencies in % for the signal in the top squark search, estimated from the simulation.

The final $S_{\text{T}}$ distribution for the leptoquark search with the $\text{e}\tau_{\text{h}}$ and $\mu\tau_{\text{h}}$ channels combined. The last bin contains the overflow events.

The final $S_{\text{T}}$ distribution for the top squark search with the $\text{e}\tau_{\text{h}}$ and $\mu\tau_{\text{h}}$ channels combined. The last bin contains the overflow events.

The expected and observed combined upper limits on the third-generation LQ pair production cross section $\sigma$ times the square of the branching fraction, $\mathcal{B}^2$, at 95% CL, as a function of the LQ mass. These limits also apply to top squarks decaying directly via the coupling $\lambda^{\prime}_{333}$.

The expected and observed combined upper limits on the top squark pair production cross section $\sigma$ times the square of the branching fraction, $\mathcal{B}^2$, at 95% CL, as a function of the top squark mass. These limits apply to top squarks with a chargino-mediated decay through the coupling $\lambda^{\prime}_{3jk}$.

The expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the branching fraction for the leptoquark decay to a tau lepton and a bottom quark, as a function of the leptoquark mass. A search for top squark pair production [EPJC 73(2013)2677] has the same kinematic signature as the leptoquark decay to a tau neutrino and a top quark. This search is reinterpreted to provide the expected and observed 95% CL upper limits for low values of $\mathcal{B}$, assuming the leptoquark only decays to third-generation fermions.