We report the measurement of the $\gamma p \rightarrow K^{+}\Lambda$ and $\gamma p \rightarrow K^{+}\Sigma^{0}$ reactions at SPring-8. The differential cross sections and photon-beam asymmetries are measured at forward $K^{+}$ production angles using linearly polarized tagged-photon beams in the range of $E_{\gamma}=1.5$--3.0 GeV. With increasing photon energy, the cross sections for both $\gamma p \rightarrow K^{+}\Lambda$ and $\gamma p \rightarrow K^{+}\Sigma^{0}$ reactions decrease slowly. Distinct narrow structures in the production cross section have not been found at $E_{\gamma}=1.5$--3.0 GeV. The forward peaking in the angular distributions of cross sections, a characteristic feature of $t$-channel exchange, is observed for the production of $\Lambda$ in the whole observed energy range. A lack of similar feature for $\Sigma^{0}$ production reflects a less dominant role of $t$-channel contribution in this channel. The photon-beam asymmetries remain positive for both reactions, suggesting the dominance of $K^{*}$ exchange in the $t$ channel. These asymmetries increase gradually with the photon energy, and have a maximum value of +0.6 for both reactions. Comparison with theoretical predictions based on the Regge trajectory in the $t$ channel and the contributions of nucleon resonances indicates the major role of $t$-channel contributions as well as non-negligible effects of nucleon resonances in accounting for the reaction mechanism of hyperon photoproduction in this photon energy regime.
Differential cross sections for the GAMMA P --> K+ LAMBDA reaction as a function of photon energy Egamma for the kaon c.m. production polar angle 0.6 < cos(theta) < 0.7.
Differential cross sections for the GAMMA P --> K+ LAMBDA reaction as a function of photon energy Egamma for the kaon c.m. production polar angle 0.7 < cos(theta) < 0.8.
Differential cross sections for the GAMMA P --> K+ LAMBDA reaction as a function of photon energy Egamma for the kaon c.m. production polar angle 0.8 < cos(theta) < 0.9.
We have measured the asymmetry of the cross section for γp→π+n from a polarized target at 5 and 16 GeV. The range of four-momentum transfer was 0.02<~−t<~1.0 GeV2. The π+ mesons were produced in a polarized butanol target and detected with the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center 20−GeVc spectrometer. A sizable asymmetry was found at both 5 and 16 GeV, a typical value being -0.6 near −t=0.3 GeV2. A small amount of data on the asymmetry of other photoproduction processes was also obtained.
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High-statistics measurements of differential cross sections and recoil polarizations for the reaction $\gamma p \rightarrow K^+ \Sigma^0$ have been obtained using the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. We cover center-of-mass energies ($\sqrt{s}$) from 1.69 to 2.84 GeV, with an extensive coverage in the $K^+$ production angle. Independent measurements were made using the $K^{+}p\pi^{-}$($\gamma$) and $K^{+}p$($\pi^-, \gamma$) final-state topologies, and were found to exhibit good agreement. Our differential cross sections show good agreement with earlier CLAS, SAPHIR and LEPS results, while offering better statistical precision and a 300-MeV increase in $\sqrt{s}$ coverage. Above $\sqrt{s} \approx 2.5$ GeV, $t$- and $u$-channel Regge scaling behavior can be seen at forward- and backward-angles, respectively. Our recoil polarization ($P_\Sigma$) measurements represent a substantial increase in kinematic coverage and enhanced precision over previous world data. At forward angles we find that $P_\Sigma$ is of the same magnitude but opposite sign as $P_\Lambda$, in agreement with the static SU(6) quark model prediction of $P_\Sigma \approx -P_\Lambda$. This expectation is violated in some mid- and backward-angle kinematic regimes, where $P_\Sigma$ and $P_\Lambda$ are of similar magnitudes but also have the same signs. In conjunction with several other meson photoproduction results recently published by CLAS, the present data will help constrain the partial wave analyses being performed to search for missing baryon resonances.
Differential cross section as a function of COS(THETA(K+,CM)) for the centre-of mass range 1.69 to 1.7 GeV.
Differential cross section as a function of COS(THETA(K+,CM)) for the centre-of mass range 1.7 to 1.71 GeV.
Differential cross section as a function of COS(THETA(K+,CM)) for the centre-of mass range 1.71 to 1.72 GeV.
Spin transfer from circularly polarized real photons to recoiling hyperons has been measured for the reactions $\vec\gamma + p \to K^+ + \vec\Lambda$ and $\vec\gamma + p \to K^+ + \vec\Sigma^0$. The data were obtained using the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab for center-of-mass energies $W$ between 1.6 and 2.53 GeV, and for $-0.85<\cos\theta_{K^+}^{c.m.}< +0.95$. For the $\Lambda$, the polarization transfer coefficient along the photon momentum axis, $C_z$, was found to be near unity for a wide range of energy and kaon production angles. The associated transverse polarization coefficient, $C_x$, is smaller than $C_z$ by a roughly constant difference of unity. Most significantly, the {\it total} $\Lambda$ polarization vector, including the induced polarization $P$, has magnitude consistent with unity at all measured energies and production angles when the beam is fully polarized. For the $\Sigma^0$ this simple phenomenology does not hold. All existing hadrodynamic models are in poor agreement with these results.
Coefficients Cx and Cz for the reaction GAMMA P --> K+ LAMBDA for incident energy = 1.032 GeV and W = 1.679 GeV.
Coefficients Cx and Cz for the reaction GAMMA P --> K+ LAMBDA for incident energy = 1.132 GeV and W = 1.734 GeV.
Coefficients Cx and Cz for the reaction GAMMA P --> K+ LAMBDA for incident energy = 1.232 GeV and W = 1.787 GeV.
The reactions gamma p --> K+ Lambda and gamma p --> K+ Sigma0 were measured in the energy range from threshold up to a photon energy of 2.6 GeV. The data were taken with the SAPHIR detector at the electron stretcher facility, ELSA. Results on cross sections and hyperon polarizations are presented as a function of kaon production angle and photon energy. The total cross section for Lambda production rises steeply with energy close to threshold, whereas the Sigma0 cross section rises slowly to a maximum at about E_gamma = 1.45 GeV. Cross sections together with their angular decompositions into Legendre polynomials suggest contributions from resonance production for both reactions. In general, the induced polarization of Lambda has negative values in the kaon forward direction and positive values in the backward direction. The magnitude varies with energy. The polarization of Sigma0 follows a similar angular and energy dependence as that of Lambda, but with opposite sign.
Differential cross sections for the reaction GAMMA P --> K+ LAMBDA in the energy region 0.9 to 1.0 GeV.
Differential cross sections for the reaction GAMMA P --> K+ LAMBDA in the energy region 1.0 to 1.2 GeV.
Differential cross sections for the reaction GAMMA P --> K+ LAMBDA in the energy region 1.2 to 1.4 GeV.
Associated strangeness production in the reactions γp → K + Λ and γp → K + Σ 0 was measured with the SAPHIR detector at the electron stretcher ring ELSA at Bonn. Data on total and differential cross sections and on hyperon polarizations are presented. The total cross section for Λ production shows a strong threshold enhancement whereas the Σ 0 data have a maximum at about E γ =1.45 GeV. Along with the angular decomposition of the differential cross section into polynomials, this suggests resonance production. However, the angular distributions of both hyperon polarizations vary only slightly with the photon energy. Λ and Σ 0 polarizations show opposite signs and change sign over the angular range.
Total cross section for the reaction GAMMA P --> K+ LAMBDA.
Total cross section for the reaction GAMMA P --> K+ SIGMA0.
Differential cross section for the reaction GAMMA P --> K+ LAMBDA in the GAMMA energy range 0.90 to 1.10 GeV in three energy bins.
The reactions γp→K+ Λ and γp→K+ Σ0 have been measured with the multiparticle detector system SAPHIR at ELSA in Bonn. Besides the differential cross sections the Λ polarization and, for the first time, the Σ0 polarization have been determined in a photon induced reaction. All data are presented as functions of the photon energy (from threshold up to 1.47 GeV) and of the kaon production angle (0°–180°). The polarization of both Λ and Σ0 is substantial at all energies and varies strongly with the production angle.
Differential cross sections.
Total cross sections.
Differential cross sections.
New measurements on the reactionsγp→K + Λ and γp→K + Σ o have been performed at the DESY synchrotron at c.m. angles around 90° and photon lab. energies from 1.19 to 1.68 GeV. The produced K + mesons were analyzed by a magnet spectrometer, two thresholdCˇerenkov counters and a time-of-flight measurement. The obtained differential cross-section data show a smooth energy behaviour for the K + Λ production whereas for theK + Σ o production the data trace out a bump at a c.m. energy W ≈ 1.9GeV.
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The differential cross section has been measured for the reaction γ+p→K+ + Λ atk=1.3 GeV andCM angles between 6 ° and 90 ° and for the reaction γ+p→K+ + ∑0 atk=1.45 GeV andCM angles between 10 ° and 85 °. In addition 10 differential cross sections of the two reactions in the energy region betweenk=1.327 and 1.416 GeV and angles between θcm=11.2 ° and 62 ° have been obtained. The results are compared with Regge-cut-model fits by Meyer zu Hörste and Pfeil1 taking into account all availableK+ photoproduction data.
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For the reaction γ p → K + Λ 0 the differential cross section has been measured at t = −0.147 GeV 2 ( θ C.M. = 26.5 ± 3.5°) and photoenergies between 1.05 and 2.2 GeV and for the reaction γ p→K + Σ 0 at ≈−0.17 GeV 2 ( θ C.M. = 28±3.5°) and photoenergies between 1.3 and 2.2 GeV. For this four momentum transfer the differential cross section of K + Λ 0 photoproduction has a surprising steep increase above threshold and stays nearly constant up to 2.2 GeV. The K + Σ 0 cross section increases from 1.3 to 1.56 GeV and goes down gradually at higher energies.
AT CONSTANT MOMENTUM TRANSFER OF -T = 0.147 GEV**2.
AT APPROXIMATELY CONSTANT MOMENTUM TRANSFER OF -T = 0.17 GEV**2.
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