We have investigated the particle production and fragmentation of nuclei participating in the interactions of 10.6 GeV/n gold nuclei in nuclear emulsions. A new criterion has been found to distinguish between the interactions of these gold nuclei with the light (H,C,N,O) and heavy (Ag, Br) target nuclei in the emulsion. This has allowed separate analyses of the multiplicity and pseudo-rapidity distributions of the singly charged particles emitted in Au-(H,C,N,O) and Au-(Ag,Br) interactions, as well as of the modes of breakup of the projectile and target nuclei. The pseudo-rapidity distributions show strong forward asymmetries, particularly for the interactions with the light nuclei. Heavy target nuclei produce a more severe breakup of the projectile gold nucleus than do the lighter targets. A negative correlation between the number of fragments emitted from the target nuclei and the degree of centrality of the collisions has been observed, which can be attributed to the total destruction of the relatively light target nuclei by these very heavy projectile nuclei.
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In this letter the distribution of slow target associated particles emitted in Au + Emulsion interactions at 11.6 A GeV/ c is studied. The three models RQMD, FRITIOF and VENUS are used for comparisons and especially their treatment of rescattering is investigated.
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PROJECTILE ASSOCIATED HE-FRAGMENTS.
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Experimental data on multiplicities and correlations of charged particles of different types produced in collisions of 4.5 A GeV/c carbon-12 with emulsion are reported and discussed. The data are compared with the results of other experiments on nucleus–nucleus and hadron–nucleus collisions. It is found that the particle production mechanism in nucleus–nucleus collisions is almost the same as in hadron–nucleus collisions. It is also observed that the shower particles' multiplicity distributions obey a KNO type scaling law, which supports the aforementioned result.
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We present the basic characteristics of singly, doubly and heavily charged fragments of the incident nucleus in inelastic interactions of relativistic24Mg nuclei in nuclear emulsion. The relationship between the charge of the incident projectile nuclei and those of the projectile fragments is studied. The result reflects the importance of the charge of the incident projectiles and consequently the electromagnetic interactions in the fragmentation processes.
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The results of the multiplicity distributions of shower, grey, black, and heavily ionizing charged particles from induced16 reactions at 200A GeV are presented. The results are compared with the predictions of the Lund Monte Carlo code fritiof, the multichain model by Ranft, and the Monte Carlo code venus.
NUCLEUS - AVERAGE NUCLEI OF EMULSION.
NUCLEUS - AVERAGE NUCLEI OF EMULSION.
NUCLEUS - AVERAGE NUCLEI OF EMULSION.
Pseudorapidity-interval dependence of multiplicity distributions of shower particles produced in high energy interactions of protons at 800 GeV, 4 He at ≈ 11 A GeV, and 28 Si at 14.5 A GeV in nuclear emulsions have been investigated. The multiplicity distributions and correlated moments are parametrised successfully in terms of a negative binomial distribution (NBD). The heavy-ion data for NBD agree well with the predictions of the multistring Monte Carlo code VENUS.
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The energy and centrality dependence of local particle pseudorapidity densities as well as validity of various parametrizations of the distributions are examined. The dispersion, σ, of the rapidity density distribution of produced particles varies slowly with centrality and is 0.80, 0.98, 1.21 and 1.41 for central interactions at 3.7, 14.6, 60 and 200A GeV incident energy, respectively, σ is found to be independent of the size of the interacting system at fixed energy. A novel way of representing the window dependence of the multiplicity as normalized variance versus inverse average multiplicity is outlined.
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NUCLEUS IS AGBR, CENTRAL EVENTS.
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Oxygen and sulfur nuclei with energies of 200 GeV/nucleon have been allowed to interact in nuclear emulsions exposed at CERN. These emulsions have been scanned with a minimum bias so that essentially all the interactions occurring were detected. Nearly 1000 interactions of each projectile have been analyzed. We present results on the multiplicity distributions, the pseudorapidity distributions, and the fragmentation of the projectile and target nuclei. It is shown that the mean number of intranuclear collisions in each interaction, calculated from a superposition model, provides a useful parameter for organizing the data. We conclude that there are no significant deviations even at these energies from models, such as the venus model, describing the interactions as being the superposition of individual nucleon-nucleon collisions.
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Intranuclear cascading mechanism one of the important non-linear effects in high energy nucleusnucleus collisions is investigated. The data on multiplicity (ns) and pseudorapidity (η) distributions of shower particles produced by32S and16O at 200A GeV,16O at 60A GeV,28Si at 14.5A GeV and He at ≈140A GeV are presented and compared with the string model VENUS, which takes into account the cascade interactions of secondary particles. The effect of the intranuclear collisions on the distributions of <η> versus <ns> is discussed for all the beams.
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Multiplicity and angular distributions of shower, grey, and black particles produced in the interactions of S32 at 200A GeV, O16 at 200 and 60A GeV, and He4 at ∼140A GeV in emulsion are compared with the predictions of a Monte Carlo code which takes into account the internuclear cascading. The correlations between the various parameters belonging to the same or to the different kinds of particles are discussed. The data on shower and grey particles from all the beams are well described by the code. However, the black prong data show a significant departure from this model.
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