We have measured the differential cross section for π−p elastic scattering at 180° in steps of 0.10 GeV/c or less in the region P0=1.6 to 5.3 GeV/c. We detected elastic scattering events, from protons in a liquid H2 target, with a double spectrometer consisting of magnets and scintillation counters in coincidence. The incident π− beam was counted by scintillation counters. The cross section was found to have considerable structure. This may be interpreted as interference between the resonant amplitudes and the nonresonant or background amplitude. Very strong destructive interference occurs around P0=2.15 GeV/c, where the cross section drops almost two orders of magnitude in passing through the N*(2190). Another interesting feature of the data is a large narrow peak in the cross section at P0=5.12 GeV/c, providing firm evidence for the existence of a nucleon resonance with a mass of 3245±10 MeV. This N*(3245) has a full width of less than 35 MeV, which is about 1% of its mass. From this experiment we were able to determine the parity and the quantity χ(J+12) for each N* resonance, where χ is the elasticity and J is the spin of the resonance.
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The ρ0-meson spin alignment is studied in p¯p interactions at 22.4 and 12 GeV/c and in the reaction p¯p→2π++2π−+neutrals at 5.7 GeV/c. An essential ρ0-meson spin alignment is observed. The values of the ρ00T element of the ρ0-meson spin-density matrix in the transversity frame are 0.56 ± 0.07, 0.53 ± 0.05, and 0.54 ± 0.04 for the above-mentioned interactions, respectively. An increase of ρ00T with ρ0 transverse momentum is obtained.
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We have investigated the photoproduction process γ+p→π++n over a wide range of energies and u values at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) accelerator. We also have investigated γ+p→π−+N*++ at one value of u and γ+p→K++Λ0, Σ0 at one u value and three energies. Our results for dσdu for the photoproduction of π+ mesons from hydrogen are roughly α2π of the corresponding cross sections for the elastic scattering of π− mesons from hydrogen. The u dependence of our cross sections is not dominated by nucleon exchange as it is in the case of π+p elastic scattering.
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Differential cross sections for the elastic scattering of negative pions from hydrogen have been measured over a limited range of squared four-momentum transfer (t) in the vicinity of t≃−3 (GeV/c)2 for incident pion momenta of 2.51, 2.76, and 3.01 GeV/c. These measurements confirm the existence of a minimum in the differential cross section in this region of incident momentum and scattering angle. The minimum occurs at a smaller value of t [t≃−2.6 (GeV/c)2] than has been observed at higher momenta.
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We have studied the ratio R=[dσ(γd→π−pp)dt][dσ(γd→π+nn)dt]−1 at 8 and 16 GeV for momentum transfers |t| from about 0.001 to 1.3 GeV2. R is close to unity for |t|<mπ2, but falls very rapidly with increasing |t|, passing through ½ near |t|=0.1 GeV2 and having a minium value of about 13 near |t|=0.4 GeV2; it slowly increases at larger momentum transfers. These results are similar to those obtained in other laboratories at 3.4 and 5 GeV. This implies considerable interference between the isoscalar and isovector photon amplitudes.
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The reactions γA→π±A* have been studied at four-momentum transfers −t<~0.5 GeV2 for seven elements ranging from hydrogen to lead. Exclusion-principle suppression is clearly visible at small-momentum transfer. Neither the A dependence nor the energy dependence of the cross sections agrees with the predictions of the vector-dominance model. The ratio of π−π+ production requires equal spatial distributions for the protons and neutrons in nuclei. Some K+ data are also presented.
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