Charm production and fragmentation fractions at midrapidity in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV

The ALICE collaboration Acharya, Shreyasi ; Adamova, Dagmar ; Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca ; et al.
JHEP 12 (2023) 086, 2023.
Inspire Record 2697877 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.145759

Measurements of the production cross sections of prompt ${\rm D^0}$, ${\rm D^+}$, ${\rm D^{\ast +}}$, ${\rm D_s^+}$, ${\rm \Lambda_{c}^{+}}$, and ${\rm \Xi_{c}^{+}}$ charm hadrons at midrapidity in proton$-$proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ALICE detector are presented. The D-meson cross sections as a function of transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) are provided with improved precision and granularity. The ratios of $p_{\rm T}$-differential meson production cross sections based on this publication and on measurements at different rapidity and collision energy provide a constraint on gluon parton distribution functions at low values of Bjorken-$x$ ($10^{-5}-10^{-4}$). The measurements of ${\rm \Lambda_{c}^{+}}$ (${\rm \Xi_{c}^{+}}$) baryon production extend the measured $p_{\rm T}$ intervals down to $p_{\rm T}=0(3)$~GeV$/c$. These measurements are used to determine the charm-quark fragmentation fractions and the ${\rm c\overline{c}}$ production cross section at midrapidity ($|y|<0.5$) based on the sum of the cross sections of the weakly-decaying ground-state charm hadrons ${\rm D^0}$, ${\rm D^+}$, ${\rm D_s^+}$, ${\rm \Lambda_{c}^{+}}$, ${\rm \Xi_{c}^{0}}$ and, for the first time, ${\rm \Xi_{c}^{+}}$, and of the strongly-decaying J/$psi$ mesons. The first measurements of ${\rm \Xi_{c}^{+}}$ and ${\rm \Sigma_{c}^{0,++}}$ fragmentation fractions at midrapidity are also reported. A significantly larger fraction of charm quarks hadronising to baryons is found compared to e$^+$e$^-$ and ep collisions. The ${\rm c\overline{c}}$ production cross section at midrapidity is found to be at the upper bound of state-of-the-art perturbative QCD calculations.

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Multi-strange baryon production at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 2.76 TeV

The ALICE collaboration Abelev, Betty Bezverkhny ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamova, Dagmar ; et al.
Phys.Lett.B 728 (2014) 216-227, 2014.
Inspire Record 1243865 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.62098

The production of ${\rm\Xi}^-$ and ${\rm\Omega}^-$ baryons and their anti-particles in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV has been measured using the ALICE detector. The transverse momentum spectra at mid-rapidity ($|y| < 0.5$) for charged $\rm\Xi$ and $\rm\Omega$ hyperons have been studied in the range $0.6 < p_{\rm T} < 8.0$ GeV/$c$ and $1.2 < p_{\rm T} < 7.0$ GeV/$c$, respectively, and in several centrality intervals (from the most central 0-10% to the most peripheral 60-80% collisions). These spectra have been compared with the predictions of recent hydrodynamic models. In particular, the Krak${\'o}$w and EPOS models give a satisfactory description of the data, with the latter covering a wider $p_{\rm T}$ range. Mid-rapidity yields, integrated over $p_{\rm T}$, have been determined. The hyperon-to-pion ratios are similar to those at RHIC: they rise smoothly with centrality up to $\langle N_{\rm part}\rangle$~150 and saturate thereafter. The enhancements (yields per participant nucleon relative to pp collisions) increase both with the strangeness content of the baryon and with centrality, but are less pronounced than at lower energies.

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Total integrated mid-rapidity yields for multi-strange baryon production in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 2.76 TeV, for different centrality intervals. For each centrality interval the average number of participants, Npart, is also reported.

Enhancements with respect to pp collisions for multi-strange baryon production.


Inclusive Production of Charged Pions, Charged and Neutral Kaons and Anti-protons in $e^+ e^-$ Annihilation at 10-{GeV} and in Direct $\Upsilon$ Decays

The ARGUS collaboration Albrecht, H. ; Bockmann, P. ; Glaser, R. ; et al.
Z.Phys.C 44 (1989) 547, 1989.
Inspire Record 276860 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.15362

Using the ARGUS detector at thee+e− storage ring DORIS II, we have investigated inclusive production of π±,K±,Ks0 and\(\bar p\) in multihadron events at 9.98 GeV and in direct decays of the ϒ(1S) meson, i.e. from quark and gluon fragmentation. The most pronounced difference is the rate of baryon production. The Lund Monte Carlo program gives a reasonable qualitative description, although it cannot reproduce our data in detail.

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Inclusive $\phi$ Meson Production in Electron - Positron Interactions in the Energy Region of the $\Upsilon$ Resonances

The ARGUS collaboration Albrecht, H. ; Bockmann, P. ; Glaser, R. ; et al.
Z.Phys.C 41 (1989) 557, 1989.
Inspire Record 262551 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.15528

We report on a high precision measurement of ϕ-meson production in continuum events and in direct decays of the Υ(1S)- and Υ(2S)-mesons. The ratio of the total production rate of ϕ-mesons in direct Υ(1S)- and Υ(2S)-decays over that in continuum events is 1.32±0.08±0.09 and 1.07±0.13±0.11 respectively. This is compatible with the corresponding ratio obtained for lighter mesons, but is appreciably smaller than the relative baryon production rate.

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Mid-rapidity Lambda and Antilambda production in Au + Au collisions at s(NN)**(1/2) = 130-GeV.

The STAR collaboration Adler, C. ; Ahammed, Z. ; Allgower, C. ; et al.
Phys.Rev.Lett. 89 (2002) 092301, 2002.
Inspire Record 584141 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.99050

We report the first measurement of strange ($\Lambda$) and anti-strange ($\bar{\Lambda}$) baryon production from $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=130$ GeV Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Rapidity density and transverse mass distributions at mid-rapidity are presented as a function of centrality. The yield of $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda}$ hyperons is found to be approximately proportional to the number of negative hadrons. The production of $\bar{\Lambda}$ hyperons relative to negative hadrons increases very rapidly with transverse momentum. The magnitude of the increase cannot be described by existing hadronic string fragmentation models.

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Inclusive sigma+ and sigma0 production in hadronic Z decays

The L3 collaboration Acciarri, M. ; Achard, P. ; Adriani, O. ; et al.
Phys.Lett.B 479 (2000) 79-88, 2000.
Inspire Record 524450 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.49982

We report on measurements of the inclusive production rate of Sigma+ and Sigma0 baryons in hadronic Z decays collected with the L3 detector at LEP. The Sigma+ baryons are detected through the decay Sigma+ -> p pi0, while the Sigma0 baryons are detected via the decay mode Sigma0 -> Lambda gamma. The average numbers of Sigma+ and Sigma0 per hadronic Z decay are measured to be: &lt; N_Sigma+ > + &lt; N_Sigma+~ > = 0.114 +/- 0.011 (stat) +/- 0.009 (syst), &lt; N_Sigma0 > + &lt; N_Sigma0~ > = 0.095 +/- 0.015 (stat) +/- 0.013 (syst). These rates are found to be higher than the predictions from Monte Carlo hadronization models and analytical parameterizations of strange baryon production.

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Identified Charged Particles in Quark and Gluon Jets

The DELPHI collaboration Abreu, P. ; Adam, W. ; Adye, T. ; et al.
Eur.Phys.J.C 17 (2000) 207-222, 2000.
Inspire Record 524696 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.50064

A sample of 2.2 million hadronic Z decays, selected from the data recorded by the Delphi detector at LEP during 1994-1995 was used for an improved measurement of inclusive distributions of pi+, K+ and p and their antiparticles in gluon and quark jets. The production spectra of the individual identified particles were found to be softer in gluon jets compared to quark jets, with a higher multiplicity in gluon jets as observed for inclusive charged particles. A significant proton enhancement in gluon jets is observed indicating that baryon production proceeds directly from colour objects. The maxima, xi^*, of the xi-distributions for kaons in gluon and quark jets are observed to be different.

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Determination of the total c anti-c production cross section in 340-GeV/c Sigma- nucleus interactions.

The WA89 collaboration Adamovich, M.I. ; Alexandrov, Yu.A. ; Barberis, D. ; et al.
Eur.Phys.J.C 13 (2000) 247-254, 2000.
Inspire Record 506075 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.43334

The production of charmed particles by Sigma- of 340 Gev/c momentum was studied in the hyperon beam experiment WA89 at the CERN-SPS, using the Omega-spectrometer. In two data-taking periods in 1993 and 1994 an integrated luminosity of 1600 microb^-1 on copper and carbon targets was recorded. From the reconstruction of 930 +- 90 charm particle decays in 10 decay channels production cross sections for D, antiD, Ds and Lambdac were determined in the region xF>0. Assuming an A^1 dependence of the cross section on the nucleon number, we calculate a total ccbar production cross section of sigma(x_F > 0) = 5.3+- 0.4(stat)+-1.0(syst)+1.0(Xi_c) microb per nucleon. The last term is an upper limit on the unknown contribution from charmed-strange baryon production.

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Measurement of leading proton and neutron production in deep inelastic scattering at HERA.

The H1 collaboration Adloff, C. ; Anderson, M. ; Andreev, V. ; et al.
Eur.Phys.J.C 6 (1999) 587-602, 1999.
Inspire Record 478983 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.44169

Deep--inelastic scattering events with a leading baryon have been detected by the H1 experiment at HERA using a forward proton spectrometer and a forward neutron calorimeter. Semi--inclusive cross sections have been measured in the kinematic region 2 <= Q^2 <= 50 GeV^2, 6.10^-5 <= x <= 6.10^-3 and baryon p_T <= MeV, for events with a final state proton with energy 580 <= E' <= 740 GeV, or a neutron with energy E' >= 160 GeV. The measurements are used to test production models and factorization hypotheses. A Regge model of leading baryon production which consists of pion, pomeron and secondary reggeon exchanges gives an acceptable description of both semi-inclusive cross sections in the region 0.7 <= E'/E_p <= 0.9, where E_p is the proton beam energy. The leading neutron data are used to estimate for the first time the structure function of the pion at small Bjorken--x.

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Correlated production of p and anti-p in Au + Au collisions at s(NN)**(1/2) = 200-GeV.

The PHENIX collaboration Adare, A. ; Afanasiev, S. ; Aidala, C. ; et al.
Phys.Lett.B 649 (2007) 359-369, 2007.
Inspire Record 731666 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.143520

Correlations between p and pbar's at transverse momenta typical of enhanced baryon production in Au+Au collisions are reported. The PHENIX experiment measures same and opposite sign baryon pairs in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. Correlated production of p and p^bar with the trigger particle from the range 2.5 < p_T < 4.0 GeV/c and the associated particle with 1.8 < p_T < 2.5 GeV/c is observed to be nearly independent of the centrality of the collisions. Same sign pairs show no correlation at any centrality. The conditional yield of mesons triggered by baryons (and anti-baryons) and mesons in the same pT range rises with increasing centrality, except for the most central collisions, where baryons show a significantly smaller number of associated mesons. These data are consistent with a picture in which hard scattered partons produce correlated p and p^bar in the p_T region of the baryon excess.

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