The first measurements of differential branching fractions of inclusive semileptonic ${B \to X_u \, \ell^+\, \nu_{\ell}}$ decays are performed using the full Belle data set of 711 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance and for $\ell = e, \mu$. Differential branching fractions are reported as a function of the lepton momentum, the four-momentum-transfer squared, light-cone momenta, the hadronic mass, and the hadronic mass squared. They are obtained by subtracting the backgrounds from semileptonic ${B \to X_c \, \ell^+\, \nu_{\ell}}$ decays and other processes, and corrected for resolution and acceptance effects. The measured distributions are compared to predictions from inclusive and hybrid ${B \to X_u \, \ell^+\, \nu_{\ell}}$ calculations.

The precise determination of the CKM matrix element $\left| V_{cb}\right|$ is important for carrying out tests of the flavour sector of the Standard Model. In this article we present a preliminary analysis of the $\bar B^0 \to D^{*\,+} \, \ell^- \, \bar \nu_\ell$ decay mode and its charge conjugate, selected in events that contain a fully reconstructed $B$-meson, using 772 million $e^+ \, e^- \to \Upsilon(4S) \to B \bar B$ events recorded by the Belle detector at KEKB. Unfolded differential decay rates of four kinematic variables fully describing the $\bar B^0 \to D^{*\,+} \, \ell^- \, \bar \nu_\ell$ decay in the $B$-meson rest frame are presented. We measure the total branching fraction $\mathcal{B}( \bar B^0 \to D^{*\,+} \, \ell^- \, \bar \nu_\ell ) = \left(4.95 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.22 \right) \times 10^{-2}$, where the errors are statistical and systematic respectively. The value of $\left|V_{cb} \right|$ is determined to be $\left( 37.4 \pm 1.3 \right) \times 10^{-3}$. Both results are in good agreement with current world averages.

We present a determination of the magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element $|V_{cb}|$ using the decay $B\to D\ell\nu_\ell$ ($\ell=e,\mu$) based on 711 fb$^{-1}$ of $e^+e^-\to \Upsilon(4S)$ data recorded by the Belle detector and containing $772 \times 10^6$ $B\bar{B}$ pairs. One $B$ meson in the event is fully reconstructed in a hadronic decay mode while the other, on the signal side, is partially reconstructed from a charged lepton and either a $D^+$ or $D^0$ meson in a total of 23 hadronic decay modes. The isospin-averaged branching fraction of the decay $B\to D\ell\nu_\ell$ is found to be $\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to D^- \ell^+ \nu_{\ell})=(2.31\pm 0.03(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.11(\mathrm{syst}))\%$. Analyzing the differential decay rate as a function of the hadronic recoil with the parameterization of Caprini, Lelouch and Neubert and using the form-factor prediction $\mathcal{G}(1)=1.0541\pm 0.0083$ calculated by FNAL/MILC, we obtain $\eta_\mathrm{EW}|V_{cb}|=(40.12\pm 1.34)\times 10^{-3}$, where $\eta_\mathrm{EW}$ is the electroweak correction factor. Alternatively, assuming the model-independent form-factor parameterization of Boyd, Grinstein and Lebed and using lattice QCD data from the FNAL/MILC and HPQCD collaborations, we find $\eta_\mathrm{EW}|V_{cb}|=(41.10 \pm 1.14)\times 10^{-3}$.

Using data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider, we measure the energy dependence of the $e^+e^- \to h_b(nP)\pi^+\pi^-$ $(n=1,2)$ cross sections from thresholds up to $11.02\,$GeV. We find clear $\Upsilon(10860)$ and $\Upsilon(11020)$ peaks with little or no continuum contribution. We study the resonant substructure of the $\Upsilon(11020) \to h_b(nP)\pi^+\pi^-$ transitions and find evidence that they proceed entirely via the intermediate isovector states $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b(10650)$. The relative fraction of these states is loosely constrained by the current data: the hypothesis that only $Z_b(10610)$ is produced is excluded at the level of 3.3 standard deviations, while the hypothesis that only $Z_b(10650)$ is produced is not excluded at a significant level.

We report measurement of the cross section of $e^+e^-\to \pi^+\pi^-\psi(2S)$ between 4.0 and $5.5 {\rm GeV}$, based on an analysis of initial state radiation events in a $980 \rm fb^{-1}$ data sample recorded with the Belle detector. The properties of the $Y(4360)$ and $Y(4660)$ states are determined. Fitting the mass spectrum of $\pi^+\pi^-\psi(2S)$ with two coherent Breit-Wigner functions, we find two solutions with identical mass and width but different couplings to electron-positron pairs: $M_{Y(4360)} = (4347\pm 6\pm 3) {\rm MeV}/c^2$, $\Gamma_{Y(4360)} = (103\pm 9\pm 5) {\rm MeV}$, $M_{Y(4660)} = (4652\pm10\pm 8) {\rm MeV}/c^2$, $\Gamma_{Y(4660)} = (68\pm 11\pm 1) \rm MeV$; and ${\cal{B}}[Y(4360)\to \pi^+\pi^-\psi(2S)]\cdot \Gamma_{Y(4360)}^{e^+e^-} = (10.9\pm 0.6\pm 0.7) \rm eV$ and ${\cal{B}}[Y(4660)\to \pi^+\pi^-\psi(2S)]\cdot \Gamma_{Y(4660)}^{e^+e^-} = (8.1\pm 1.1\pm 0.5) \rm eV$ for one solution; or ${\cal{B}}[Y(4360)\to \pi^+\pi^-\psi(2S)]\cdot \Gamma_{Y(4360)}^{e^+e^-} = (9.2\pm 0.6\pm 0.6) \rm eV$ and ${\cal{B}}[Y(4660)\to \pi^+\pi^-\psi(2S)]\cdot \Gamma_{Y(4660)}^{e^+e^-} = (2.0\pm 0.3\pm 0.2) \rm eV$ for the other. Here, the first errors are statistical and the second systematic. Evidence for a charged charmoniumlike structure at $4.05 {\rm GeV}/c^2$ is observed in the $\pi^{\pm}\psi(2S)$ intermediate state in the $Y(4360)$ decays.

We use 772$\times 10^6$ $B \bar{B}$ meson pairs collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector to measure the branching fraction for $\bar{B} \rightarrow X_s \gamma$. Our measurement uses a sum-of-exclusives approach in which 38 of the hadronic final states with strangeness equal to $+1$, denoted by $X_s$, are reconstructed. The inclusive branching fraction for $M_{X_s}<$ 2.8 GeV/$c^2$, which corresponds to a minimum photon energy of 1.9 GeV, is measured to be ${\cal B}(\bar{B} \rightarrow X_s \gamma)=(3.51\pm0.17\pm0.33)\times10^{-4}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.

The cross sections for $e^+ e^- \to \phi\pi^+\pi^-$ and $e^+ e^- \to \phi \fzero$ are measured from threshold to $\sqrt{s}=3.0$ $\hbox{GeV}$ using initial state radiation. The analysis is based on a data sample of 673 fb$^{-1}$ collected on and below the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider. First measurements are reported for the resonance parameters of the $\phi(1680)$ in the $\phi\pi^+\pi^-$ mode: $m=(1689\pm 7\pm 10)$ MeV/$c^2$ and $\Gamma=(211\pm 14\pm 19)$ MeV/$c^2$. A structure at $\sqrt{s}=2.1 \hbox{GeV}/c^2$, corresponding to the so called Y(2175), is observed/ its mass and width are determined to be $2079\pm13^{+79}_{-28}$ MeV/$c^2$ and $192\pm23^{+25}_{-61} \hbox{MeV}/c^2$, respectively.

We have measured pi+pi- and K+K- production in two-photon collisions using 87.7 /fb of data collected with the Belle detector at the asymmetric energy e+e- collider KEKB. The cross sections are measured to high precision in the two-photon center-of-mass energy (W) range between 2.4 GeV < W < 4.1 GeV and angular region |cos theta^{*}| < 0.6. The cross section ratio sigma(gammagamma->K+K-)/sigma(gammagamma->pi+pi-) is measured to be 0.89 +- 0.04(stat) +- 0.15(syst) in the range of 3.0 GeV < W < 4.1 GeV, where the ratio is energy independent. We observe a sin^{-4} theta^{*} behavior of the cross section in the same W range. Production of chi_{c0} and chi_{c2} mesons is observed in both gammagamma -> pi+pi- and gammagamma -> K+K- modes.

We present an analysis of charm quark fragmentation at 10.6 GeV, based on a data sample of 103 fb collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB accelerator. We consider fragmentation into the main charmed hadron ground states, namely \DZ, \DP, \Ds and \LC, as well as the excited states \DSZ and \DSP. The fragmentation functions are important to measure as they describe processes at a low energy scale, where calculations in perturbation theory lead to large uncertainties. Fragmentation functions can also be used as input distributions for Monte Carlo generators. Additionally, we determine the average number of these charmed hadrons produced per B decay at the \Ys resonance and measure the distribution of their production angle in \epem annihilation events and in B decays.

We report the first measurement of the lepton forward-backward asymmetry ${\cal A}_{\rm FB}$ as a function of the squared four-momentum of the dilepton system, $q^2$, for the electroweak penguin process $B \rightarrow X_s \ell^+ \ell^-$ with a sum of exclusive final states, where $\ell$ is an electron or a muon and $X_s$ is a hadronic recoil system with an $s$ quark. The results are based on a data sample containing $772\times10^6$ $B\bar{B}$ pairs recorded at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB $e^+ e^-$ collider. ${\cal A}_{\rm FB}$ for the inclusive $B \rightarrow X_s \ell^+ \ell^-$ is extrapolated from the sum of 10 exclusive $X_s$ states whose invariant mass is less than 2 GeV/$c^2$. For $q^2 > 10.2$ GeV$^2$/$c^2$, ${\cal A}_{\rm FB} < 0$ is excluded at the 2.3$\sigma$ level, where $\sigma$ is the standard deviation. For $q^2 < 4.3$ GeV$^2$/$c^2$, the result is within 1.8$\sigma$ of the Standard Model theoretical expectation.