Measurement of the inclusive and differential WZ production cross sections, polarization angles, and triple gauge couplings in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

The collaboration
JHEP 07 (2022) 032, 2022.

Abstract (data abstract)
The associated production of a $\mathrm{W}$ and a $\mathrm{Z}$ boson is studied in final states with multiple leptons produced in proton-proton ($\mathrm{p}$$\mathrm{p}$) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $13~\mathrm{TeV}$ using $137~\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. A measurement of the total inclusive production cross section yields $\sigma_{\textrm{tot}}(\mathrm{pp}\to\mathrm{WZ}) = 50.6 \pm 0.8 (\textrm{stat}) \pm 1.5 (\textrm{syst}) \pm 1.1 (\textrm{lum}) \pm 0.5 (\textrm{theo})~\mathrm{pb}$. Measurements of the fiducial and differential cross sections for several key observables are also performed in all the final-state lepton flavour and charge compositions with a total of three charged leptons, which can be electrons or muons. All results are compared with theoretical predictions computed up to next-to-next-to-leading order in quantum chromodynamics plus next-to-leading order in electroweak theory and for various sets of parton distribution functions. The results include direct measurements of the charge asymmetry and the $\mathrm{W}$ and $\mathrm{Z}$ vector boson polarization. The first observation of longitudinally polarized $\mathrm{W}$ bosons in $\mathrm{WZ}$ production is reported. Anomalous gauge couplings are searched for, leading to new constraints on beyond-the-standard-model contributions to the $\mathrm{WZ}$ triple gauge coupling.

• ZZ control region fitted distribution

Data and expectations from Figure 2, top middle

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Distribution of the three leading leptons flavour in the CR-ZZ with uncertainties evaluated after the inclusive cross section fit

• Top enriched control region fitted distribution

Data and expectations from Figure 3, top middle

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Distribution of the jet multiplicity in the CR-ttZ with uncertainties evaluated after the inclusive cross section fit

• Conversion control region fitted distribution

Data and expectations from Figure 4, top middle

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Distribution of the three leading leptons flavour in the CR-conv with uncertainties evaluated after the inclusive cross section fit

• Lepton flavour composition on the signal region

Data and expectations from Figure 5, top left

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Distribution of the three leading leptons flavour in the SR-WZ with uncertainties evaluated after the inclusive cross section fit

• Signal efficiency and acceptance

Table 4

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Efficiency, acceptance, and proportion of events with leptonic tau decays in WZ production

• Fiducial cross sections

Table 5

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WZ fiducial cross section in the four flavour exclusive and the flavour inclusive channels

• Total cross sections

Table 6 and Figure 7 left)

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WZ total cross section extrapolated from the four flavour exclusive and the flavour inclusive channels

• Total lepton charge in the signal region

Data and expectations from Figure 5, top right

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Distribution of the total lepton charge in the SR-WZ with uncertainties evaluated after the inclusive cross section fit

• Fiducial cross section for W$^{+}$Z

Table 8

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W$^{+}$Z fiducial cross section in the four flavour exclusive and the flavour inclusive channels

• Fiducial cross section for W$^{-}$Z

Table 9

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W$^{-}$Z fiducial cross section in the four flavour exclusive and the flavour inclusive channels

• Ratio of W$^{+}$Z to W$^{-}$Z fiducial cross sections

Table 10 and Figure 7 (right)

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WZ charge asymmetry ratio measured on each of the four flavour exclusive and the flavour inclusive channels

• Polarization observable, W boson

Data and expectations from Figure 10, top left

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Distribution of the cosine of the W polarization angle times total lepton charge in the SR-WZ with uncertainties evaluated after...

• Polarization observable, Z boson

Data and expectations from Figure 10, top right

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Distribution of the cosine of the Z polarization angle in the SR-WZ with uncertainties evaluated after the Z polarization fit

• Polarization fraction measurements (1D)

Table 11

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Best fits to the W and Z polarization fractions

• Polarization fraction measurements (W, 2D)

Figure 11 (top)

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2D confidence regions at the 68, 95, and 99% CL in the $f_O^W$-$f_{L}^W-f_R^W$ plane

• Polarization fraction measurements (Z, 2D)

Figure 11 (bottom)

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2D confidence regions at the 68, 95, and 99% CL in the $f_O^Z$-$f_{L}^Z-f_R^Z$ plane

• M(WZ) in the signal region

Data and expectations from Figure 18, left

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Distribution of the invariant mass of the WZ system in the SR-WZ with uncertainties evaluated after the inclusive cross section...

• EFT 1D confidence intervals (linear and quadratic terms)

Table 12

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Best fit values and one dimensional confidence regions in several EFT coefficients obtained from the EFT fit considering both the...

• EFT 2D confidence regions ($c_w$-$c_{www}$)

Figure 19 (top)

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2D confidence regions at the 68, 95, and 99% CL in the $c_{www}$-$c_{w}$ plane

• EFT 2D confidence regions ($c_w$-$c_b$)

Figure 19 (middle)

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2D confidence regions at the 68, 95, and 99% CL in the $c_{w}$-$c_{b}$ plane

• EFT 2D confidence regions ($c_{www}$-$c_b$)

Figure 19 (bottom)

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2D confidence regions at the 68, 95, and 99% CL in the $c_{www}$-$c_{w}$ plane

• EFT 1D confidence intervals (linear terms)

Table 13

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Best fit values and one dimensional confidence regions in several EFT coefficients obtained from the EFT fit considering only the...

• Confidence interval in $c_w$ vs $\Lambda$

Figure 21 (top left)

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Evolution of the best fit and expected and observed 95% CI for the $c_{w}$ parameter as a function of the...

• Confidence interval in $c_b$ vs $\Lambda$

Figure 21 (top right)

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Evolution of the best fit and expected and observed 95% CI for the $c_{b}$ parameter as a function of the...

• Confidence interval in $c_{www}$ vs $\Lambda$

Figure 21 (middle)

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Evolution of the best fit and expected and observed 95% CI for the $c_{www}$ parameter as a function of the...

• Confidence interval in $\tilde{c}_{www}$ vs $\Lambda$

Figure 21 (bottom left)

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Evolution of the best fit and expected and observed 95% CI for the $\tilde{c}_{www}$ parameter as a function of the...

• Confidence interval in $\tilde{c}_w$ vs $\Lambda$

Figure 21 (bottom right)

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Evolution of the best fit and expected and observed 95% CI for the $\tilde{c}_{w}$ parameter as a function of the...

• Differential cross section: Z transverse momentum

Data and expectations from Figure 14, top left

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Differential cross section with respect to the transverse momentum of the Z boson

• Correlation matrix: Z transverse momentum

Figure 15, top left

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Correlation matrix for the unfolded results obtained using NNLO bias, area con-straint, and no additional regularization for the $p_{T}$ of...

• Response matrix: Z transverse momentum

Figure 12, top left

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Response matrix for the $p_{T}$ of the Z boson obtained with POWHEG

• Differential cross section: leading jet transverse momentum

Data and expectations from Figure 14, top right

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Differential cross section with respect to the transverse momentum of the leading jet

• Correlation matrix: leading jet transverse momentum

Figure 15, top right

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Correlation matrix for the unfolded results obtained using NNLO bias, area con-straint, and no additional regularization for the $p_{T}$ of...

• Response matrix: leading jet transverse momentum

Figure 12, bottom left

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Response matrix for the $p_{T}$ of the leading jet obtained with POWHEG

• Differential cross section: jet multiplicity

Data and expectations from Figure 14, bottom left

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Differential cross section with respect to the jet multiplicity

• Correlation matrix: jet multiplicity

Figure 15, bottom left

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Correlation matrix for the unfolded results obtained using NNLO bias, area con-straint, and no additional regularization for the jet multiplicity

• Response matrix: jet multiplicity

Figure 12, bottom right

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Response matrix for the jet multiplicity obtained with POWHEG

• Differential cross section: M(WZ)

Data and expectations from Figure 14, bottom right

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Differential cross section with respect to the invariant mass of the WZ system

• Correlation matrix: M(WZ)

Figure 15, bottom right

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Correlation matrix for the unfolded results obtained using NNLO bias, area con-straint, and no additional regularization for the invariant mass...

• Response matrix: M(WZ)

Figure 13, top left

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Response matrix for the invariant mass of the WZ system obtained with POWHEG

• Differential cross section: W transverse momentum

Data and expectations from Figure 16, top left

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Differential cross section with respect to the transverse momentum of the lepton associated to the W boson

• Correlation matrix: W transverse momentum

Figure 17, top left

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Correlation matrix for the unfolded results obtained using NNLO bias, area con-straint, and no additional regularization for the $p_{T}$ of...

• Response matrix: W transverse momentum

Figure 12, top right

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Response matrix for the $p_{T}$ of the lepton associated to the W boson obtained with POWHEG

• Differential cross section: W transverse momentum (W$^{+}$Z)

Data and expectations from Figure 16, top middle

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Differential cross section with respect to the transverse momentum of the lepton associated to the W boson, W$^{+}$Z only

• Correlation matrix: W transverse momentum (W$^{+}$Z)

Figure 17, top middle

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Correlation matrix for the unfolded results obtained using NNLO bias, area con-straint, and no additional regularization for the $p_{T}$ of...

• Differential cross section: W transverse momentum (W$^{-}$Z)

Data and expectations from Figure 16, top right

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Differential cross section with respect to the transverse momentum of the lepton associated to the W boson, W$^{-}$Z only

• Correlation matrix: W transverse momentum (W$^{-}$Z)

Figure 17, top right

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Correlation matrix for the unfolded results obtained using NNLO bias, area con-straint, and no additional regularization for the $p_{T}$ of...

• Differential cross section: polarization observable W

Data and expectations from Figure 16, middle left

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Differential cross section with respect to the cosine of the W polarization angle times total lepton charge

• Correlation matrix: polarization observable W

Figure 17, middle left

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Correlation matrix for the unfolded results obtained using NNLO bias, area con-straint, and no additional regularization for the cosine of...

• Response matrix: polarization observable W

Figure 13, top right

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Response matrix for the cosine of the W polarization angle times total lepton charge obtained with POWHEG

• Differential cross section: polarization observable W (W$^{+}$Z)

Data and expectations from Figure 16, middle middle

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Differential cross section with respect to the cosine of the W polarization angle times total lepton charge, W$^{+}$Z only

• Correlation matrix: polarization observable W (W$^{+}$Z)

Figure 17, middle middle

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Correlation matrix for the unfolded results obtained using NNLO bias, area con-straint, and no additional regularization for the cosine of...

• Differential cross section: polarization observable W (W$^{-}$Z)

Data and expectations from Figure 16, middle right

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Differential cross section with respect to the cosine of the W polarization angle times total lepton charge, W$^{-}$Z only

• Correlation matrix: polarization observable W (W$^{-}$Z)

Figure 17, middle right

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Correlation matrix for the unfolded results obtained using NNLO bias, area con-straint, and no additional regularization for the cosine of...

• Differential cross section: polarization observable Z

Data and expectations from Figure 16, bottom left

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Differential cross section with respect to the cosine of the Z polarization angle

• Correlation matrix: polarization observable Z

Figure 17, bottom left

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Correlation matrix for the unfolded results obtained using NNLO bias, area con-straint, and no additional regularization for the cosine of...

• Response matrix: polarization observable Z

Figure 13, bottom

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Response matrix for the cosine of the Z polarization angle obtained with POWHEG

• Differential cross section: polarization observable Z (W$^{+}$Z)

Data and expectations from Figure 16, bottom middle

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Differential cross section with respect to the cosine of the Z polarization angle, W$^{+}$Z only

• Correlation matrix: polarization observable Z (W$^{+}$Z)

Figure 17, bottom middle

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Correlation matrix for the unfolded results obtained using NNLO bias, area con-straint, and no additional regularization for the cosine of...

• Differential cross section: polarization observable Z (W$^{-}$Z)

Data and expectations from Figure 16, bottom right

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Differential cross section with respect to the cosine of the Z polarization angle, W$^{-}$Z only

• Correlation matrix: polarization observable Z (W$^{-}$Z)

Figure 17, bottom right

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Correlation matrix for the unfolded results obtained using NNLO bias, area con-straint, and no additional regularization for the cosine of...