Observation of the $\Upsilon$(3S) meson and suppression of $\Upsilon$ states in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV

The CMS collaboration
Phys.Rev.Lett. 133 (2024) 022302, 2024.

Abstract (data abstract)
The production of $\Upsilon(2S)$ and $\Upsilon(3S)$ mesons in lead-lead ($\text{PbPb}$) and proton-proton ($\text{pp}$) collisions is studied in their dimuon decay channel using the CMS detector at the LHC. The $\Upsilon(3S)$ meson is observed for the first time in \PbPb collisions, with a significance above five standard deviations. The nuclear modification factors, derived from the ratio of yields measured in $\text{PbPb}$ to $\text{pp}$ collisions, are reported for both $\Upsilon(2S)$ and $\Upsilon(3S)$ mesons as functions of $\Upsilon$ meson transverse momentum and $\text{PbPb}$ collision centrality. The suppression is found to be stronger for $\Upsilon(3S)$ mesons compared to $\Upsilon(2S)$ mesons, extending the pattern of sequential suppression of quarkonium states in nuclear collisions previously seen for the $J/\psi$, $\psi(2S)$, $\Upsilon(1S)$ and $\Upsilon(2S)$ mesons. The results provide new constraints on theoretical descriptions of the dynamics of quarkonium states in heavy ion collisions.

  • Figure 2, left UPSILON(2S)

    10.17182/hepdata.130959.v2/t1

    Measured $R_\text{AA}$ for the $\Upsilon(2S)$ state as functions of PbPb collision centrality, integrated over the full kinematic range $p_\text{T}$ <...

  • Figure 2, left UPSILON(3S)

    10.17182/hepdata.130959.v2/t2

    Measured $R_\text{AA}$ for the $\Upsilon(3S)$ state as functions of PbPb collision centrality, integrated over the full kinematic range $p_\text{T}$ <...

  • Figure 2, center UPSILON(2S)

    10.17182/hepdata.130959.v2/t3

    Measured $R_\text{AA}$ for the$\Upsilon(2S)$ state in the 0–90% centrality interval, integrated over the full kinematic range $p_\text{T}$ < 30 GeV/c...

  • Figure 2, center UPSILON(3S)

    10.17182/hepdata.130959.v2/t4

    Measured $R_\text{AA}$ for the $\Upsilon(3S)$ state in the 0–90% centrality interval, integrated over the full kinematic range $p_\text{T}$ < 30...

  • Figure 2, right UPSILON(2S)

    10.17182/hepdata.130959.v2/t5

    Measured $R_\text{AA}$ for the $\Upsilon(2S)$ state as functions of transverse momentum $p_\text{T}$, integrated over the rapidity range of |y| <...

  • Figure 2, right UPSILON(3S)

    10.17182/hepdata.130959.v2/t6

    Measured $R_\text{AA}$ for the $\Upsilon(3S)$ state as functions of transverse momentum $p_\text{T}$, integrated over the rapidity range of |y| <...

  • Figure 3, left

    10.17182/hepdata.130959.v2/t7

    The double ratios of $\Upsilon(3S)$ /$\Upsilon(2S)$ as functions of PbPb collision centrality, integrated over the full kinematic range $p_\text{T}$ <...

  • Figure 3, center

    10.17182/hepdata.130959.v2/t8

    The double ratios of $\Upsilon(3S)$ /$\Upsilon(2S)$ in the 0–90% centrality interval, integrated over the full kinematic range $p_\text{T}$ < 30...

  • Figure 3, right

    10.17182/hepdata.130959.v2/t9

    The double ratios of $\Upsilon(3S)$ /$\Upsilon(2S)$ as functions of transverse momentum $p_\text{T}$, integrated over the rapidity range of |y| <...

  • Table 1

    10.17182/hepdata.130959.v2/t10

    Yields for $\Upsilon(2S)$ mesons in PbPb collisions in centrality $0--90\%$ and $|y| < 2.4$, corrected for acceptance and efficiency, and...

  • Table 2

    10.17182/hepdata.130959.v2/t11

    Yields for $\Upsilon(2S)$ mesons in PbPb collisions in $p_\text{T} < 30GeV/c$ and $|y| < 2.4$, corrected for acceptance and efficiency,...

  • Table 3

    10.17182/hepdata.130959.v2/t12

    Yields for $\Upsilon(3S)$ mesons in PbPb collisions in centrality $0--90\%$ and $|y| < 2.4$, corrected for acceptance and efficiency, and...

  • Table 4

    10.17182/hepdata.130959.v2/t13

    Yields for $\Upsilon(3S)$ mesons in PbPb collisions in $p_\text{T} < 30GeV/c$ and $|y| < 2.4$, corrected for acceptance and efficiency,...

  • Table 5

    10.17182/hepdata.130959.v2/t14

    Yields for $\Upsilon(1S)$ mesons in PbPb collisions in $p_\text{T} < 30GeV/c$ and $|y| < 2.4$, corrected for acceptance and efficiency,...

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