Non-central collisions between ultra-relativistic heavy nuclei can produce strong magnetic fields on the order of $10^{18}$ Gauss, and the evolution of the electromagnetic field could leave an imprint on the final-state particles. In particular, particles and anti-particles with opposite charges will receive opposite contributions to their rapidity-odd directed flow, $v_1(\mathsf{y})$. Here we present the charge-dependent measurements of $dv_1/d\mathsf{y}$ near midrapidity for $\pi^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, and $p(\bar{p})$ in Au+Au and isobar ($_{44}^{96}$Ru+$_{44}^{96}$Ru and $_{40}^{96}$Zr+$_{40}^{96}$Zr) collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 200 GeV, and in Au+Au at 27 GeV, recorded by the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The combined dependence of the $v_1$ signal on collision system, particle species, and collision centrality can be qualitatively and semi-quantitatively understood as several effects on constituent quarks. While the results in central events can be explained by the $u$ and $d$ quarks transported from initial-state nuclei, those in peripheral events reveal the contributions from the Faraday induction and Coulomb effect for the first time in heavy-ion collisions.
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STAR
Collaboration
(2024).
Observation of the electromagnetic field effect via charge-dependent directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Phys.Rev.X 14 (2024) 011028.
Observation of the electromagnetic field effect via charge-dependent directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. HEPData (collection).
https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.139915
or, if you prefer, a specific version of the
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STAR
Collaboration
(2024).
Observation of the electromagnetic field effect via charge-dependent directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (Version 1). HEPData (collection).
https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.139915.v1
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STAR
Collaboration
(2024).
“Figure 5a” of “Observation of the electromagnetic field effect via charge-dependent directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider” (Version 1). HEPData (dataset).
https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.139915.v1/t1
STAR
Collaboration
(2024).
“Figure 5b” of “Observation of the electromagnetic field effect via charge-dependent directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider” (Version 1). HEPData (dataset).
https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.139915.v1/t2
STAR
Collaboration
(2024).
“Figure 5c” of “Observation of the electromagnetic field effect via charge-dependent directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider” (Version 1). HEPData (dataset).
https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.139915.v1/t3
STAR
Collaboration
(2024).
“Figure 5d” of “Observation of the electromagnetic field effect via charge-dependent directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider” (Version 1). HEPData (dataset).
https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.139915.v1/t4
STAR
Collaboration
(2024).
“Figure 5e” of “Observation of the electromagnetic field effect via charge-dependent directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider” (Version 1). HEPData (dataset).
https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.139915.v1/t5
STAR
Collaboration
(2024).
“Figure 5f” of “Observation of the electromagnetic field effect via charge-dependent directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider” (Version 1). HEPData (dataset).
https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.139915.v1/t6
STAR
Collaboration
(2024).
“Figure 6a” of “Observation of the electromagnetic field effect via charge-dependent directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider” (Version 1). HEPData (dataset).
https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.139915.v1/t7
STAR
Collaboration
(2024).
“Figure 6b” of “Observation of the electromagnetic field effect via charge-dependent directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider” (Version 1). HEPData (dataset).
https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.139915.v1/t8
STAR
Collaboration
(2024).
“Figure 6c” of “Observation of the electromagnetic field effect via charge-dependent directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider” (Version 1). HEPData (dataset).
https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.139915.v1/t9
When using this data, please cite the original publication:
STAR
Collaboration
(2024).
Observation of the electromagnetic field effect via charge-dependent directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Phys.Rev.X 14 (2024) 011028.
or, if you prefer, a specific version of the
record:
You can also cite the 9 data
tables
individually.
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