This paper reports experimental findings on the Dirac (F1) and Pauli (F2) form factors of the proton. The form factors have been obtained by using the Rosenbluth formula and the method of intersecting ellipses in analyzing the elastic electron-proton scattering cross sections. A range of energies covering the interval 200-1000 Mev for the incident electrons is explored. Scattering angles vary from 35° to 145°. Values as high as q2≅31 f−2 (q=energy−momentumtransfer) are investigated, but form factors can be reliably determined only up to about q2=25 f−2. Splitting of the form factors is confirmed. The newly measured data are in good agreement with earlier Stanford data on the form factors and also with the predictions of a recent theoretical model of the proton. Consistency in determining the values of the form factors at different energies and angles gives support to the techniques of quantum electrodynamics up to q2≅25 f−2. At the extreme conditions of this experiment (975 Mev, 145°) the behavior of the form factors may be exhibiting some anomaly.
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The elastic electron-proton scattering cross section has been measured at laboratory angles between 90° and 144° and for values of the four-momentum transfer squared between 25 and 45 F−2 (incident electron laboratory energies from 830 to 1360 MeV). Both the scattered electrons and the recoil protons were momentum analyzed and counted in coincidence, making possible background-free measurements down to cross sections of the order of 10−35 cm2/sr. The data are consistent with the Rosenbluth formula, and the resulting form factors tie on well with previous measurements at lower momentum transfer, continuing the established trend.
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The differential cross sections for the elastic scattering of negative pions by deuterons have been measured for 2.01-, 3.77-, and 5.53-GeV/c incident pion momenta, over an interval of the squared four-momentum transfer from -0.25 (GeV/c)2 to ∼-1.0 (GeV/c)2. The results are consistent with calculations based on a Glauber model of the scattering process.
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The elastic scattering cross-section of π - on deuterium at 895 MeV/ c measured with counters and wire spark chambers is given in a region of momentum transfer between 0.16 and 0.96 (GeV/ c ) 2 .
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Experimental results are presented on the excitation of the nucleon isobars N ∗ (1518) and N ∗ (1688) in proton-proton collisions at an incident momentum of 19.2 GeV/ c and in the range of four-momentum squared 0.6 ⩽7 z . sfnc ; t | ⩽ 5.8 GeV 2 .
Axis error includes +- 0.0/0.0 contribution (?////Due to the method used in estimating the area under the peak).
Axis error includes +- 0.0/0.0 contribution (?////Due to the method used in estimating the area under the peak).
Axis error includes +- 0.0/0.0 contribution (?////Due to the method used in estimating the area under the peak).
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Only statistical errors are given.
Only statistical errors are given.
The reactions γA→π±A* have been studied at four-momentum transfers −t<~0.5 GeV2 for seven elements ranging from hydrogen to lead. Exclusion-principle suppression is clearly visible at small-momentum transfer. Neither the A dependence nor the energy dependence of the cross sections agrees with the predictions of the vector-dominance model. The ratio of π−π+ production requires equal spatial distributions for the protons and neutrons in nuclei. Some K+ data are also presented.
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The differential cross-section for π − d elastic scattering has been measured at 9.0, 13.0, and 15.2 GeV/ c for t -values up to 2.3 GeV 2 . The results are analysed by comparison with the Glauber scattering model.
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The differential cross-section for pd elastic scattering has been measured at 9.7, 12.8 and 15.8 GeV/ c for t -values up to −2 GeV 2 . The Glauber multiple scattering model has been used to analyse the data, the main interest being the double scattering region.
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