Relative systematic uncertainties in the averaged cross-section for various differential distributions in the (a, b) inclusive and (c, d) collinear phase spaces. The upper solid line shows the total uncertainty in the measured cross-section in data, and includes correlations between the systematic components. The 'Others' category contains sub-dominant uncertainties arising from missing transverse momentum reconstruction and the jet-to-vertex fraction uncertainties.

Differential cross-section measurement in the inclusive phase space as function of (a) the minimum angular separation between the lepton and any jet with transverse momentum greater than 100 GeV (ΔR _min(ℓ,jet¹⁰⁰_i)), and (b) the ratio of W p_T to the closest-jet p_T (p_T^ℓν / p_T^{closest jet}). The measured cross-sections in data and their statistical uncertainty are shown by the solid dots and error bars, while the shaded band shows the systematic and statistical uncertainties added in quadrature. Errors bars on the theory prediction include theoretical uncertainties as discussed in the text. The bins around p_T^ℓν / p_T^{closest jet} equal to 1 are merged to be insensitive to the singularity that exists in the fixed-order MCFM calculation. Additionally, in (b), the central two bins from the MCFM prediction are merged due to a singularity in fixed-order calculations, which requires p_T resummation of the W + jets system. The two lower panels show the effect of NLO EW_virt as computed from Sherpa 2.2.11.

Differential cross-section measurement in the inclusive phase space as function of (a) the minimum angular separation between the lepton and any jet with transverse momentum greater than 100 GeV (ΔR _min(ℓ,jet¹⁰⁰_i)), and (b) the ratio of W p_T to the closest-jet p_T (p_T^ℓν / p_T^{closest jet}). The measured cross-sections in data and their statistical uncertainty are shown by the solid dots and error bars, while the shaded band shows the systematic and statistical uncertainties added in quadrature. Errors bars on the theory prediction include theoretical uncertainties as discussed in the text. The bins around p_T^ℓν / p_T^{closest jet} equal to 1 are merged to be insensitive to the singularity that exists in the fixed-order MCFM calculation. Additionally, in (b), the central two bins from the MCFM prediction are merged due to a singularity in fixed-order calculations, which requires p_T resummation of the W + jets system. The two lower panels show the effect of NLO EW_virt as computed from Sherpa 2.2.11.

Differential cross-section as a function of the invariant mass of the leading two jets (m_jj) in the inclusive, 2-jet phase space. The measured cross-sections in data and their statistical uncertainty are shown by the solid dots and error bars, while the shaded band shows the systematic and statistical uncertainties added in quadrature. Errors bars on the theory prediction include theoretical uncertainties as discussed in the text. The two lower panels show the effect of NLO EW_virt as computed from Sherpa 2.2.11.

Differential distributions at reconstruction level in the (a, c) electron or (b, d) muon channel for (a, b) inclusive and (c, d) collinear signal regions after the application of the background normalisation factors. The signal process is stacked above all background predictions. The bottom panel shows the ratio of the data to the total signal plus background prediction. The shaded band includes statistical and systematic uncertainties from signal and background processes added in quadrature.

Differential distributions at reconstruction level in the (a, c) electron or (b, d) muon channel for (a, b) inclusive and (c, d) collinear signal regions after the application of the background normalisation factors. The signal process is stacked above all background predictions. The bottom panel shows the ratio of the data to the total signal plus background prediction. The shaded band includes statistical and systematic uncertainties from signal and background processes added in quadrature.

Relative systematic uncertainties in the averaged cross-section for various differential distributions in the (a, b) inclusive and (c, d) collinear phase spaces. The upper solid line shows the total uncertainty in the measured cross-section in data, and includes correlations between the systematic components. The 'Others' category contains sub-dominant uncertainties arising from missing transverse momentum reconstruction and the jet-to-vertex fraction uncertainties.

Relative systematic uncertainties in the averaged cross-section for various differential distributions in the (a, b) inclusive and (c, d) collinear phase spaces. The upper solid line shows the total uncertainty in the measured cross-section in data, and includes correlations between the systematic components. The 'Others' category contains sub-dominant uncertainties arising from missing transverse momentum reconstruction and the jet-to-vertex fraction uncertainties.

Differential cross-section as a function of (a) the leading p_T ^jet, (b) the inclusive jet multiplicity, (c) S_T, and (d) p^ℓν_T in the collinear phase-space. The measured cross-sections in data and their statistical uncertainty are shown by the solid dots and error bars, while the shaded band shows the systematic and statistical uncertainties added in quadrature. Errors bars on the theory prediction include theoretical uncertainties as discussed in the text. The two lower panels show the effect of NLO EW_virt as computed from Sherpa 2.2.11.

Differential cross-section as a function of (a) the leading p_T ^jet, (b) the inclusive jet multiplicity, (c) S_T, and (d) p^ℓν_T in the collinear phase-space. The measured cross-sections in data and their statistical uncertainty are shown by the solid dots and error bars, while the shaded band shows the systematic and statistical uncertainties added in quadrature. Errors bars on the theory prediction include theoretical uncertainties as discussed in the text. The two lower panels show the effect of NLO EW_virt as computed from Sherpa 2.2.11.

Differential cross-section as a function of (a) the leading p_T ^jet, (b) the inclusive jet multiplicity, (c) S_T, and (d) p^ℓν_T in the collinear phase-space. The measured cross-sections in data and their statistical uncertainty are shown by the solid dots and error bars, while the shaded band shows the systematic and statistical uncertainties added in quadrature. Errors bars on the theory prediction include theoretical uncertainties as discussed in the text. The two lower panels show the effect of NLO EW_virt as computed from Sherpa 2.2.11.

Differential cross-section as a function of (a) the leading p_T ^jet, (b) the inclusive jet multiplicity, (c) S_T, and (d) p^ℓν_T in the collinear phase-space. The measured cross-sections in data and their statistical uncertainty are shown by the solid dots and error bars, while the shaded band shows the systematic and statistical uncertainties added in quadrature. Errors bars on the theory prediction include theoretical uncertainties as discussed in the text. The two lower panels show the effect of NLO EW_virt as computed from Sherpa 2.2.11.

Measured fiducial cross-sections in each signal region. The measured cross-sections in data and their total uncertainty are shown by the solid dots and error band. Various theoretical predictions are overlaid and compared with the data in the lower panel. Uncertainties in predictions accurate to NLO precision include QCD scale and PDF uncertainties, while predictions that add NLO EW_virt (electroweak) corrections show uncertainties only due to different electroweak combination schemes. Uncertainties in predictions accurate at fixed-order NNLO precision are derived primarily from MCFM, do not include PDF variations, with an additional extrapolation from the Sherpa QCD with EW_virt prediction to assess the effects of higher-order electroweak corrections. On predictions with EW_virt corrections, the total uncertainty is shown as a shaded region, while the electroweak correction is overlaid with an error bar line.

Differential distributions at reconstructed-level comparing data with the background model in the (a) tt̄ muon, (b) Z + jets muon, and (c) multijet electron control selections. All backgrounds and signal samples are stacked to produce the figures. The data points are shown as solid dots with their corresponding statistical uncertainty, while the total background model uncertainty is shown by the shaded band. Errors bars on the theory prediction include theoretical uncertainties as discussed in the text.

Differential distributions at reconstructed-level comparing data with the background model in the multijet electron validation region for (a) the transverse momentum of the leading jet and (b) the transverse momentum of the lepton–neutrino system. All backgrounds and signal samples are stacked to produce the figures. The data points are shown as solid dots with their corresponding statistical uncertainty, while the total background model uncertainty is shown by the shaded band. Errors bars on the theory prediction include theoretical uncertainties as discussed in the text.

Differential distributions at reconstructed-level comparing data with the background model in the multijet electron validation region for (a) the transverse momentum of the leading jet and (b) the transverse momentum of the lepton–neutrino system. All backgrounds and signal samples are stacked to produce the figures. The data points are shown as solid dots with their corresponding statistical uncertainty, while the total background model uncertainty is shown by the shaded band. Errors bars on the theory prediction include theoretical uncertainties as discussed in the text.

Differential distributions at reconstructed-level comparing data with the background model in the (a) tt̄ muon, (b) Z + jets muon, and (c) multijet electron control selections. All backgrounds and signal samples are stacked to produce the figures. The data points are shown as solid dots with their corresponding statistical uncertainty, while the total background model uncertainty is shown by the shaded band. Errors bars on the theory prediction include theoretical uncertainties as discussed in the text.

Differential distributions at reconstructed-level comparing data with the background model in the (a) tt̄ muon, (b) Z + jets muon, and (c) multijet electron control selections. All backgrounds and signal samples are stacked to produce the figures. The data points are shown as solid dots with their corresponding statistical uncertainty, while the total background model uncertainty is shown by the shaded band. Errors bars on the theory prediction include theoretical uncertainties as discussed in the text.

Response matrices from the Sherpa 2.2.11 event generator for (a) ΔR _min(ℓ,jet¹⁰⁰_i) in the inclusive electron selection, and (b) transverse momentum of the leading jet in the collinear muon selection. The sum of the entries in each reconstructed bin (column) are normalised to unity.

Response matrices from the Sherpa 2.2.11 event generator for (a) ΔR _min(ℓ,jet¹⁰⁰_i) in the inclusive electron selection, and (b) transverse momentum of the leading jet in the collinear muon selection. The sum of the entries in each reconstructed bin (column) are normalised to unity.

The fully corrected jet mass distribution for $R = 0.4$ anti-$k_{\rm{T}}$ jets with $25 < p_{\rm{T,jet}} < 30$ GeV$/c$. Data are reported beyond the x-axis upper limit of the figure, for future reference. Updated to correct a small bug that had shifted the jet mass to slightly smaller values.

The fully corrected jet mass distribution for $R = 0.4$ anti-$k_{\rm{T}}$ jets with $30 < p_{\rm{T,jet}} < 40$ GeV$/c$. Data are reported beyond the x-axis upper limit of the figure, for future reference. Updated to correct a small bug that had shifted the jet mass to slightly smaller values.

The fully corrected SoftDrop groomed jet mass distribution for $R = 0.4$ anti-$k_{\rm{T}}$ jets with $20 < p_{\rm{T,jet}} < 25$ GeV$/c$. Data are reported beyond the x-axis upper limit of the figure, for future reference. Updated to correct a small bug that had shifted the jet mass to slightly smaller values.

The fully corrected SoftDrop groomed jet mass distribution for $R = 0.4$ anti-$k_{\rm{T}}$ jets with $25 < p_{\rm{T,jet}} < 30$ GeV$/c$. Data are reported beyond the x-axis upper limit of the figure, for future reference. Updated to correct a small bug that had shifted the jet mass to slightly smaller values.

The fully corrected SoftDrop groomed jet mass distribution for $R = 0.4$ anti-$k_{\rm{T}}$ jets with $30 < p_{\rm{T,jet}} < 40$ GeV$/c$. Data are reported beyond the x-axis upper limit of the figure, for future reference. Updated to correct a small bug that had shifted the jet mass to slightly smaller values.

The fully corrected jet mass distribution for $R = 0.2$ anti-$k_{\rm{T}}$ jets with $30 < p_{\rm{T,jet}} < 40$ GeV$/c$. Updated to correct a small bug that had shifted the jet mass to slightly smaller values.

The fully corrected jet mass distribution for $R = 0.4$ anti-$k_{\rm{T}}$ jets with $30 < p_{\rm{T,jet}} < 40$ GeV$/c$. Updated to correct a small bug that had shifted the jet mass to slightly smaller values.

The fully corrected jet mass distribution for $R = 0.6$ anti-$k_{\rm{T}}$ jets with $30 < p_{\rm{T,jet}} < 40$ GeV$/c$. Updated to correct a small bug that had shifted the jet mass to slightly smaller values.

The fully corrected SoftDrop groomed jet mass distribution for $R = 0.2$ anti-$k_{\rm{T}}$ jets with $30 < p_{\rm{T,jet}} < 40$ GeV$/c$. Updated to correct a small bug that had shifted the jet mass to slightly smaller values.

The fully corrected SoftDrop groomed jet mass distribution for $R = 0.4$ anti-$k_{\rm{T}}$ jets with $30 < p_{\rm{T,jet}} < 40$ GeV$/c$. Updated to correct a small bug that had shifted the jet mass to slightly smaller values.

The fully corrected SoftDrop groomed jet mass distribution for $R = 0.6$ anti-$k_{\rm{T}}$ jets with $30 < p_{\rm{T,jet}} < 40$ GeV$/c$. Updated to correct a small bug that had shifted the jet mass to slightly smaller values.

The mean of the fully corrected jet mass distribution for $R=0.2$ anti-$k_{\rm{T}}$ jets as a function of $p_{\rm{T,jet}}$. Updated to correct a small bug that had shifted the jet mass to slightly smaller values.

The mean of the fully corrected jet mass distribution for $R=0.4$ anti-$k_{\rm{T}}$ jets as a function of $p_{\rm{T,jet}}$. Updated to correct a small bug that had shifted the jet mass to slightly smaller values.

The mean of the fully corrected jet mass distribution for $R=0.6$ anti-$k_{\rm{T}}$ jets as a function of $p_{\rm{T,jet}}$. Updated to correct a small bug that had shifted the jet mass to slightly smaller values.

The mean of the fully corrected SoftDrop groomed jet mass distribution for $R=0.2$ anti-$k_{\rm{T}}$ jets as a function of $p_{\rm{T,jet}}$. Updated to correct a small bug that had shifted the jet mass to slightly smaller values.

The mean of the fully corrected SoftDrop groomed jet mass distribution for $R=0.4$ anti-$k_{\rm{T}}$ jets as a function of $p_{\rm{T,jet}}$. Updated to correct a small bug that had shifted the jet mass to slightly smaller values.

The mean of the fully corrected SoftDrop groomed jet mass distribution for $R=0.6$ anti-$k_{\rm{T}}$ jets as a function of $p_{\rm{T,jet}}$. Updated to correct a small bug that had shifted the jet mass to slightly smaller values.

The fully corrected jet mass distribution for $R = 0.6$ anti-$k_{\rm{T}}$ jets with $20 < p_{\rm{T,jet}} < 25$ GeV$/c$. Data are reported beyond the x-axis upper limit of the figure, for future reference. Updated to correct a small bug that had shifted the jet mass to slightly smaller values.

The fully corrected SoftDrop groomed jet mass distribution for $R = 0.6$ anti-$k_{\rm{T}}$ jets with $20 < p_{\rm{T,jet}} < 25$ GeV$/c$. Data are reported beyond the x-axis upper limit of the figure, for future reference. Updated to correct a small bug that had shifted the jet mass to slightly smaller values.

The $p_{T}$ spectra of $\pi^{-}$ measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.1) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV. Spectra are plotted for nine centrality classes, with some spectra multiplied by a scale factor to improve clarity, as indicatedin the legend

The $p_{T}$ spectra of $K^{+}$ measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.1) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV. Spectra are plotted for nine centrality classes, with some spectra multiplied by a scale factor to improve clarity, as indicatedin the legend

The $p_{T}$ spectra of $K^{-}$ measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.1) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV. Spectra are plotted for nine centrality classes, with some spectra multiplied by a scale factor to improve clarity, as indicatedin the legend

Average $p_{T}$ of $\pi^{+}$ as a function of number of participant for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV.

Average $p_{T}$ of $\pi^{-}$ as a function of number of participant for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV.

Average $p_{T}$ of $K^{+}$ as a function of number of participant for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV.

Average $p_{T}$ of $K^{-}$ as a function of number of participant for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$= 14.5 GeV.

Average $p_{T}$ of p as a function of number of participant for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV.

Average $p_{T}$ of p-bar as a function of number of participant for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV.

dN/dy of $\pi^{+}$ scaled by 0.5*$N_{part}$ as a function of number of participant for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV.

dN/dy of $\pi^{-}$ scaled by 0.5*$N_{part}$ as a function of number of participant for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV.

dN/dy of $K^{+}$ scaled by 0.5*$N_{part}$ as a function of number of participant for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV.

dN/dy of $K^{-}$ scaled by 0.5*$N_{part}$ as a function of number of participant for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV.

dN/dy of proton scaled by 0.5*$N_{part}$ as a function of number of participant for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV.

dN/dy of p-bar scaled by 0.5*$N_{part}$ as a function of number of participant for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV.

Kinetic freeze-out temperature as a function of number of participant for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV.

Velocity as a function of number of participant for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV.

The event plane resolution calculated for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV as a function of centrality.

Inclusive charged particle elliptic flow v2 at mid-pseudorapidity (|y| <1.0) as a function of $p_{T}$ for 10-20% centrality in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV.

Inclusive charged particle elliptic flow v2 at mid-pseudorapidity (|y| <1.0) as a function of $p_{T}$ for 20-30% centrality in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV.

Inclusive charged particle elliptic flow v2 at mid-pseudorapidity (|y| <1.0) as a function of $p_{T}$ for 30-40% centrality in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV.

Inclusive charged particle elliptic flow v2 at mid-pseudorapidity (|y| <1.0) as a function of transverse momentum $p_{T}$ for six centrality classes, obtained using the $\eta$-sub event plane method in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV.

Inclusive charged particle elliptic flow v2 at mid-pseudorapidity (|y| <1.0) as a function of $p_{T}$-integrated v2($\eta$) for six centrality classes, obtained using the $\eta$-sub event plane method in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV.

The ratio inclusive charged particle elliptic flow v2 over root-mean-square participant eccentricity $Epart_{2}$ at mid-pseudorapidity as a function of $p_{T}$ for 10–20%, 30–40%, and 50–60% collision centralities in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV.

Summary of centrality bins, average number of participants $N_{part}$, number of binary collisions $N_{coll}$, reaction plane eccentricity eRP, participant eccentricity epart, root-mean-square of the participant eccentricity epart{2}, and transverse area $S_{part}$ from MC Glauber simulations at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV.

The inclusive charged particle elliptic flow v2($\eta$-sub) versus pseudorapidity $\eta$ at mid-pseudorapidity for $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV.

Rapidity-odd charged particles directed flow v1 as a function of $p_{T}$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 GeV for 0–10%, 10–40% and 40–80% centrality intervals.

Rapidity-odd charged particles directed flow v1 as a function of $p_{T}$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 11.5 GeV for 0–10%, 10–40% and 40–80% centrality intervals.

Rapidity-odd charged particles directed flow v1 as a function of $p_{T}$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV GeV for 0–10%, 10–40% and 40–80% centrality intervals.

Rapidity-odd charged particles directed flow v1 as a function of $p_{T}$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV for 0–10%, 10–40% and 40–80% centrality intervals.

Rapidity-odd charged particles directed flow v1 as a function of $p_{T}$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 27.0 GeV for 0–10%, 10–40% and 40–80% centrality intervals.

Rapidity-odd charged particles directed flow v1 as a function of $p_{T}$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 39.0 GeV for 0–10%, 10–40% and 40–80% centrality intervals.

Rapidity-odd charged particles directed flow v1 as a function of pseudorapidity $\eta$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 GeV for 0–10%, 10–40% and 40–80% centrality intervals.

Rapidity-odd charged particles directed flow v1 as a function of pseudorapidity $\eta$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 11.5 GeV for 0–10%, 10–40% and 40–80% centrality intervals.

Rapidity-odd charged particles directed flow v1 as a function of pseudorapidity $\eta$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV for 0–10%, 10–40% and 40–80% centrality intervals.

Rapidity-odd charged particles directed flow v1 as a function of pseudorapidity $\eta$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV for 0–10%, 10–40% and 40–80% centrality intervals.

Rapidity-odd charged particles directed flow v1 as a function of pseudorapidity $\eta$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 27.0 GeV for 0–10%, 10–40% and 40–80% centrality intervals.

Rapidity-odd charged particles directed flow v1 as a function of pseudorapidity $\eta$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 39.0 GeV for 0–10%, 10–40% and 40–80% centrality intervals.

Rapidity-odd charged particles directed flow v1 as a function of pseudorapidity $\eta$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 – 39 GeV for 30-60% centrality intervals.