The first measurement of the e$^+$e$^-$ pair production at midrapidity and low invariant mass in central Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV at the LHC is presented. The yield of e$^+$e$^-$ pairs is compared with a cocktail of expected hadronic decay contributions in the invariant mass ($m_{\rm ee}$) and pair transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T,ee}$) ranges $m_{\rm ee} < 3.5$ GeV$/c^2$ and $p_{\rm T,ee} < 8$ GeV$/c$. For $0.18 < m_{\rm ee} < 0.5$ GeV$/c^2$ the ratio of data to the cocktail of hadronic contributions without $\rho$ mesons amounts to $1.42 \pm 0.12 \ ({\rm stat.}) \pm 0.17 \ ({\rm syst.}) \pm 0.12 \ ({\rm cocktail})$ and $1.44 \pm 0.12 \ ({\rm stat.}) \pm 0.17 \ ({\rm syst.}) ^{+0.17}_{-0.21} \ ({\rm cocktail})$, including or not including medium effects in the estimation of the heavy-flavor background, respectively. It is consistent with predictions from two different models for an additional contribution of thermal e$^+$e$^-$ pairs from the hadronic and partonic phases. In the intermediate-mass range ($1.2 < m_{\rm ee} < 2.6$ GeV$/c^2$), the pair transverse impact parameter of the e$^+$e$^-$ pairs (DCA$_{\rm ee}$) is used for the first time in Pb$-$Pb collisions to separate displaced dielectrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays from a possible (thermal) contribution produced at the interaction point. The data are consistent with a suppression of e$^+$e$^-$ pairs from ${\rm c\overline{c}}$ and an additional prompt component. Finally, the first direct-photon measurement in the 10% most central Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV is reported via the study of virtual direct photons in the transverse momentum range $1 < p_{\rm T} < 5$ GeV$/c$. A model including prompt photons, as well as photons from the pre-equilibrium and fluid-dynamic phases, can reproduce the result, while being at the upper edge of the data uncertainties.
Dielectron invariant mass spectrum in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV for the 0--10\% centrality class. Electrons are measured within $|\eta_{\rm e}| < 0.8$ and $0.2 < p_{\rm T,e} < 10$ GeV/$c$. Dielectrons are measured in $0 < p_{\rm T,ee} < 8$ GeV/$c$.
Dielectron invariant mass spectrum of excess in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV for the 0--10\% centrality class. Electrons are measured within $|\eta_{\rm e}| < 0.8$ and $0.2 < p_{\rm T,e} < 10$ GeV/$c$. Dielectrons are measured in $0 < p_{\rm T,ee} < 8$ GeV/$c$. Upper limits at 90\% C.L. are also set. The Ncoll-scaled HF cocktail is subtracted from the inclusive dielectron yield.
Dielectron invariant mass spectrum of excess in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV for the 0--10\% centrality class. Electrons are measured within $|\eta_{\rm e}| < 0.8$ and $0.2 < p_{\rm T,e} < 10$ GeV/$c$. Dielectrons are measured in $0 < p_{\rm T,ee} < 8$ GeV/$c$. Upper limits at 90\% C.L. are also set. The Ncoll-scaled HF cocktail is subtracted from the inclusive dielectron yield.
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