The production of deuterons and antideuterons in the transverse momentum range 1.1 < p_T < 4.3 GeV/c at mid-rapidity in Au + Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV has been studied by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. A coalescence analysis comparing the deuteron and antideuteron spectra with those of protons and antiprotons, has been performed. The coalescence probability is equal for both deuterons and antideuterons and increases as a function of p_T, which is consistent with an expanding collision zone. Comparing (anti)proton yields p_bar/p = 0.73 +/- 0.01, with (anti)deuteron yields: d_bar/d = 0.47 +/- 0.03, we estimate that n_bar/n = 0.64 +/- 0.04.
Corrected spectra for deuterons and anti-deuterons for different centralities are plotted vs $m_T$.
Corrected spectra for deuterons and anti-deuterons for different centralities are plotted vs $m_T$.
Coalescence parameter $B_2$ vs $p_T$ for deuterons (left panel) and anti-deuterons (right panel). Grey bands indicate the systematic errors. Values are plotted at the "true" mean value of $p_T$ of each bin, the extent of which is indicated by the width of the grey bars along x-axis.
We report on the yield of protons and anti-protons, as a function of centrality and transverse momentum, in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV measured at mid-rapidity by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. In central collisions at intermediate transverse momenta (1.5 < p_T < 4.5 GeV/c) a significant fraction of all produced particles are protons and anti-protons. They show a centrality-scaling behavior different from that of pions. The p-bar/pion and p/pion ratios are enhanced compared to peripheral Au+Au, p+p, and electron+positron collisions. This enhancement is limited to p_T < 5 GeV/c as deduced from the ratio of charged hadrons to pi^0 measured in the range 1.5 < p_T < 9 GeV/c.
$p$/$\pi^+$ and $p$/$\pi^-$ ratios for central (0-10%) mid-central (20-30%) and peripheral (60-92%) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.
$p$/$\pi^-$ and $p$/$\pi^0$ ratios for central (0-10%) mid-central (20-30%) and peripheral (60-92%) Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.
$p$ and $\bar{p}$ invariant yields scaled by $N_{coll}$. Error bars are statistical. Systematic errors on $N_{coll}$ range from ~ 10% for central to ~ 28% for 60-92% centrality. Multiplicity dependent normalization errors are ~3%.
The anisotropy parameter v_2, the second harmonic of the azimuthal particles distribution, has been measured with the PHENIX detector in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV for identified and inclusive charged particles at central rapidities (|eta| < 0.35) with respect to the reaction plane defined at high rapidities (|eta| = 3-4). The v_2 for all particles reaches a maximum at mid-centrality, and increases with p_T up to 2 GeV/c and then saturates or decreases slightly. Our results depart from hydrodynamically predicted behavior above 2 GeV/c. A quark coalescence model is also investigated.
Correlation of reaction planes between two beam counters for the second moment is shown as a function of centrality.
The value of $v_2$ for charged particles is shown as a function of centrality (middle) and as a function of $p_T$ (right).
The value of $v_2$ for charged particles is shown as a function of transverse momentum, $p_T$.
The centrality dependence of transverse momentum distributions and yields for pi^+/-, K^+/-, p and p^bar in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV at mid-rapidity are measured by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. We observe a clear particle mass dependence of the shapes of transverse momentum spectra in central collisions below ~ 2 GeV/c in p_T. Both mean transverse momenta and particle yields per participant pair increase from peripheral to mid-central and saturate at the most central collisions for all particle species. We also measure particle ratios of pi^-/pi^+, K^-/K^+, p^bar/p, K/pi, p/pi and p^bar/pi as a function of p_T and collision centrality. The ratios of equal mass particle yields are independent of p_T and centrality within the experimental uncertainties. In central collisions at intermediate transverse momenta ~ 1.5-4.5 GeV/c, proton and anti-proton yields constitute a significant fraction of the charged hadron production and show a scaling behavior different from that of pions.
Centrality dependence of the $p_{T}$ distribution for $\pi^{+}$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. Errors are statistical only.
Centrality dependence of the $p_{T}$ distribution for $\pi^{-}$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. Errors are statistical only.
Centrality dependence of the $p_{T}$ distribution for $K^{+}$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. Errors are statistical only.
Bose-Einstein correlations of identically charged pion pairs were measured by the PHENIX experiment at mid-rapidity in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 200 GeV. The Bertsch-Pratt radius parameters were determined as a function of the transverse momentum of the pair and as a function of the centrality of the collision. Using the \it{full} Coulomb correction, the ratio $R_{\rm out}/R_{\rm side}$ is smaller than unity for $
Panel (a) and (b) show one-dimensional correlation functions for $\pi^+\pi^+$ and $\pi^-\pi^-$. The bottom figures show the three-dimensional correlation function for $\pi^-\pi^-$ with the full Coulomb (open circle) and without Coulomb (filled triangle) corrections for 0.2 < $k_T$ < 2.0 GeV/$c$ for 0-30% centrality. The projection of the 3-D correlation functions are averaged over the lowest 40 MeV in the orthogonal directions. The error bars are statistical only. The lines overlaid on the open circles (filled triangles) correspond to fits to Eq. 1 (Eq. 2) over the entire distribution. Panel (c) shows the one-dimensional correlation function of unlike-signed pions for 0.2 < $k_T$ < 2.0 GeV/$c$. The two overlaid histograms show calculations for the full (dashed) and the 50% partial (solid) Coulomb corrections. $<k_T>$ ~ 0.45 ($\pm$0.17) GeV/$c$ and $<N_{part}>$ ~ 281 ($\pm$4).
The $k_T$ dependence of the Bertsch-Pratt radius parameters and $\lambda$ for charged pions for 0-30% centrality. Filled triangles show the results from fits to a core-halo structure by Eq. 2, with statistical error bars and systematic error bands. Open circles and squares show the results from the full (Eq. 1) and 50% partial (Eq. 3) Coulomb corrections with statistical error bars, respectively. Results at 130 GeV by PHENIX are given by filled circles.
The $k_T$ dependence of the Bertsch-Pratt radius parameters and $\lambda$ for charged pions for 0-30% centrality. Filled triangles show the results from fits to a core-halo structure by Eq. 2, with statistical error bars and systematic error bands. Open circles and squares show the results from the full (Eq. 1) and 50% partial (Eq. 3) Coulomb corrections with statistical error bars, respectively. Results at 130 GeV by PHENIX are given by filled circles.
Longitudinal density correlations of produced matter in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV have been measured from the inclusive charged particle distributions as a function of pseudorapidity window sizes. The extracted \alpha \xi parameter, related to the susceptibility of the density fluctuations in the long wavelength limit, exhibits a non-monotonic behavior as a function of the number of participant nucleons, N_part. A local maximum is seen at N_part ~ 90, with corresponding energy density based on the Bjorken picture of \epsilon_Bj \tau ~ 2.4 GeV/(fm^2 c) with a transverse area size of 60 fm^2. This behavior may suggest a critical phase boundary based on the Ginzburg-Landau framework.
Weighted mean of corrected NBD $k$, $<k_c>$ as a function of pseudorapidity window size. The dominant sources systematic correlate with dead maps (corr.sys.(dead)) and two-track seperation cuts (corr.sys.(fake)). The total systematic error (uncorr.sys.) is the quadratic sum over all errors.
Weighted mean of corrected NBD $k$, $<k_c>$ as a function of pseudorapidity window size. The dominant sources systematic correlate with dead maps (corr.sys.(dead)) and two-track seperation cuts (corr.sys.(fake)). The total systematic error (uncorr.sys.) is the quadratic sum over all errors.
Fit results based on $k(\delta_{\eta})$=$1/{{2\alpha\xi}/{\delta_{\eta}}}$ ($\xi << \delta_{\eta}$).
The transverse single-spin asymmetries of neutral pions and non-identified charged hadrons have been measured at mid-rapidity in polarized proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV. The data cover a transverse momentum (p_T) range 0.5-5.0 GeV/c for charged hadrons and 1.0-5.0 GeV/c for neutral pions, at a Feynman-x (x_F) value of approximately zero. The asymmetries seen in this previously unexplored kinematic region are consistent with zero within statistical errors of a few percent. In addition, the inclusive charged hadron cross section at mid-rapidity from 0.5 < p_T < 7.0 GeV/c is presented and compared to NLO pQCD calculations. Successful description of the unpolarized cross section above ~2 GeV/c using NLO pQCD suggests that pQCD is applicable in the interpretation of the asymmetry results in the relevant kinematic range.
Invariant cross section vs. $p_T$ for the production of charged hadrons at mid-rapidity.
Mid-rapidity neutral pion transverse single-spin asymmetry, $A_N$, vs. transverse momentum.
Mid-rapidity charged hadron transverse single-spin asymmetry, $A_N$, vs. transverse momentum.
Measurements of neutral pion production at midrapidity in sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions as a function of transverse momentum, p_T, collision centrality, and angle with respect to reaction plane are presented. The data represent the final pi^0 results from the PHENIX experiment for the first RHIC Au+Au run at design center-of-mass-energy. They include additional data obtained using the PHENIX Level-2 trigger with more than a factor of three increase in statistics over previously published results for p_T > 6 GeV/c. We evaluate the suppression in the yield of high-p_T pi^0's relative to point-like scaling expectations using the nuclear modification factor R_AA. We present the p_T dependence of R_AA for nine bins in collision centrality. We separately integrate R_AA over larger p_T bins to show more precisely the centrality dependence of the high-p_T suppression. We then evaluate the dependence of the high-p_T suppression on the emission angle \Delta\phi of the pions with respect to event reaction plane for 7 bins in collision centrality. We show that the yields of high-p_T pi^0's vary strongly with \Delta\phi, consistent with prior measurements. We show that this variation persists in the most peripheral bin accessible in this analysis. For the peripheral bins we observe no suppression for neutral pions produced aligned with the reaction plane while the yield of pi^0's produced perpendicular to the reaction plane is suppressed by more than a factor of 2. We analyze the combined centrality and \Delta\phi dependence of the pi^0 suppression in different p_T bins using different possible descriptions of parton energy loss dependence on jet path-length averages to determine whether a single geometric picture can explain the observed suppression pattern.
Neutral pion invariant yields as a function of $p_T$ measured in minimum bias and 9 centrality classes in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.
Neutral pion invariant yields as a function of $p_T$ measured in minimum bias and 9 centrality classes in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.
Neutral pion invariant yields as a function of $p_T$ measured in minimum bias and 9 centrality classes in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.
Inclusive transverse momentum spectra of eta mesons have been measured within p_T = 2-10 GeV/c at mid-rapidity by the PHENIX experiment in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. In central Au+Au the eta yields are significantly suppressed compared to peripheral Au+Au, d+Au and p+p yields scaled by the corresponding number of nucleon-nucleon collisions. The magnitude, centrality and p_T dependence of the suppression is common, within errors, for eta and pi^0. The ratio of eta to pi^0 spectra at high p_T amounts to 0.40 < R_eta/pi^0 < 0.48 for the three systems in agreement with the world average measured in hadronic and nuclear reactions and, at large scaled momentum, in e^+e^- collisions.
Invariant $\eta$ yields as a function of transverse momentum for 3 centralities and MB Au+Au at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.
Invariant $\eta$ yields as a function of transverse momentum for 3 centralities and MB Au+Au at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.
Nuclear modification factors for $\eta$ in Au+Au centralities.
The transverse momentum dependence of the azimuthal anisotropy parameter v_2, the second harmonic of the azimuthal distribution, for electrons at mid-rapidity (|eta| < 0.35) has been measured with the PHENIX detector in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. The measurement was made with respect to the reaction plane defined at high rapidities (|eta| = 3.1 -- 3.9). From the result we have measured the v_2 of electrons from heavy flavor decay after subtraction of the v_2 of electrons from other sources such as photon conversions and Dalitz decay from light neutral mesons. We observe a non-zero single electron v_2 with a 90% confidence level in the intermediate p_T region.
Transverse momentum dependence of inclusive electron $v_2$ and heavy quark electron $v_2$.
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