The differential cross sections and vector analyzing powers for nd elastic scattering at En=248 MeV were measured for 10°–180° in the center-of-mass (c.m.) system. To cover the wide angular range, the experiments were performed separately by using two different setups for forward and backward angles. The data are compared with theoretical results based on Faddeev calculations with realistic nucleon-nucleon (NN) forces such as AV18, CD Bonn, and Nijmegen I and II, and their combinations with the three-nucleon forces (3NFs), such as Tucson-Melbourne 99 (TM99), Urbana IX, and the coupled-channel potential with Δ-isobar excitation. Large discrepancies are found between the experimental cross sections and theory with only 2N forces for θc.m.>90°. The inclusion of 3NFs brings the theoretical cross sections closer to the data but only partially explains this discrepancy. For the analyzing power, no significant improvement is found when 3NFs are included. Relativistic corrections are shown to be small for both the cross sections and the analyzing powers at this energy. For the cross sections, these effects are mostly seen in the very backward angles. Compared with the pd cross section data, quite significant differences are observed at all scattering angles that cannot be explained only by the Coulomb interaction, which is usually significant at small angles.
Cross section for N DEUT elastic scattering for data taken in 2003 in the backward direction in the centre-of-mass. Statistical errors only are given.
Cross section for N DEUT elastic scattering for data taken in 2000 in the backward direction in the centre-of-mass. Statistical errors only are given.
Cross section for N DEUT elastic scattering in the forward direction in the centre-of-mass. Statistical errors only are given.
The single-pion production reactions $pp\to d\pi^+$, $pp\to np\pi^+$ and $pp\to pp\pi^0$ were measured at a beam momentum of 0.95 GeV/c ($T_p \approx$ 400 MeV) using the short version of the COSY-TOF spectrometer. The implementation of a central calorimeter provided particle identification, energy determination and neutron detection in addition to time-of-flight and angle measurements. Thus all pion production channels were recorded with 1-4 overconstraints. The total and differential cross sections obtained are compared to previous data and theoretical calculations. Main emphasis is put on the discussion of the $pp\pi^0$ channel, where we obtain angular distributions different from previous experimental results, however, partly in good agreement with recent phenomenological and theoretical predictions. In particular we observe very large anisotropies for the $\pi^0$ angular distributions in the kinematical region of small relative proton momenta revealing there a dominance of proton spinflip transitions associated with $\pi^0$ $s$- and $d$-partial waves and emphasizing the important role of $\pi^0$ d-waves.
Total cross section measurements.. Errors are mainly systematic.
Measured angular distribution for elastic P P scattering in the CM system normalised to the data in the SAID database (Arndt et al. PR C62,034005(2000). This measurement is made to determine the luminosity.
The measured pion angular distribution in the CM system in the reaction P P --> DEUT PI+.
Differential cross sections for pi- p and pi+ p elastic scattering were measured at five energies between 19.9 and 43.3 MeV. The use of the CHAOS magnetic spectrometer at TRIUMF, supplemented by a range telescope for muon background suppression, provided simultaneous coverage of a large part of the full angular range, thus allowing very precise relative cross section measurements. The absolute normalisation was determined with a typical accuracy of 5 %. This was verified in a simultaneous measurement of muon proton elastic scattering. The measured cross sections show some deviations from phase shift analysis predictions, in particular at large angles and low energies. From the new data we determine the real part of the isospin forward scattering amplitude.
Elastic PI- P cross section for incident kinetic energy 43.3 MeV for the rotated target data. Errors shown are statistical only.
Elastic PI- P cross section for incident kinetic energy 43.3 MeV. Errors shown are statistical only.
Elastic PI- P cross section for incident kinetic energy 37.1 MeV. Errors shown are statistical only.
We report on precision measurements of the elastic cross section for electron-proton scattering performed in Hall C at Jefferson Lab. The measurements were made at 28 unique kinematic settings covering a range in momentum transfer of 0.4 $<$ $Q^2$ $<$ 5.5 $(\rm GeV/c)^2$. These measurements represent a significant contribution to the world's cross section data set in the $Q^2$ range where a large discrepancy currently exists between the ratio of electric to magnetic proton form factors extracted from previous cross section measurements and that recently measured via polarization transfer in Hall A at Jefferson Lab.
Measured values of the electron-proton elastic cross section for beam energy 1.148 GeV.
Measured values of the electron-proton elastic cross section for beam energy 1.882 GeV.
Measured values of the electron-proton elastic cross section for beam energy 2.235 GeV.
The angular distributions of the cross section, the proton analyzing power, and all proton polarization transfer coefficients of p→d elastic scattering were measured at 250 MeV. The range of center-of-mass angles was 10°–165° for the cross section and the analyzing power, and about 10°–95° for the polarization transfer coefficients. These are the first measurements of a complete set of proton polarization observables for p→d elastic scattering at intermediate energies. The present data are compared with theoretical predictions based on exact solutions of the three-nucleon Faddeev equations and modern realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials combined with three-nucleon forces (3NF), namely, the Tucson-Melbourne (TM) 2π-exchange model, a modification thereof (TM′) closer to chiral symmetry, and the Urbana IX model. Large effects of the three-nucleon forces are predicted. The inclusion of the three-nucleon forces gives a good description of the cross section at angles below the minimum. However, appreciable discrepancies between the data and predictions remain at backward angles. For the spin observables the predictions of the TM 3NF model deviate strongly from the other two 3NF models, which are close together, except for Kyy′. In the case of the analyzing power all 3NF models fail to describe the data at the upper half of the angular range. In the restricted measured angular range the polarization transfer coefficients are fairly well described by the TM′ and Urbana IX 3NF models, whereas the TM 3NF model mostly fails. The transfer coefficient Kyy′ is best described by the Urbana IX but the theoretical description is still insufficient to reproduce the experimental data. These results call for a better understanding of the spin structure of the three-nucleon force and very likely for a full relativistic treatment of the three-nucleon continuum.
Cross section and analyzing power measurements.
Proton polarization transfer coefficients.
Precise measurements of deuteron vector and tensor analyzing powers Ayd, Axx, Ayy, and Axz in d−p elastic scattering were performed via 1H(d→,d)p and 1H(d→,p)d reactions at three incoming deuteron energies of Edlab=140, 200, and 270 MeV. A wide range of center-of-mass angles from ≈10° to 180° was covered. The cross section was measured at 140 and 270 MeV at the same angles. These high precision data were compared with theoretical predictions based on exact solutions of three-nucleon Faddeev equations and modern nucleon-nucleon potentials combined with three-nucleon forces. Three-body interactions representing a wide range of present day models have been used: the Tucson-Melbourne 2π-exchange model, a modification thereof closer to chiral symmetry, the Urbana IX model, and a phenomenological spin-orbit ansatz. Large three-nucleon force effects are predicted, especially at the two higher energies. However, only some of them, predominantly dσ/dΩ and Ayd, are supported by the present data. For tensor analyzing powers the predicted effects are in drastic conflict to the data, indicating defects of the present day three-nucleon force models.
Angular distribution for DEUT P elastic scattering at EKIN of 140 MeV with the SMART spectrograph.
Angular distribution for DEUT P elastic scattering at EKIN of 270 MeV with the D-room polarimeter.
Angular distribution for DEUT P elastic scattering at EKIN of 270 MeV with the SMART spectrograph.
A precision measurement of absolute pi+p and pi-p elastic differential cross sections at incident pion laboratory kinetic energies from T_pi= 141.15 to 267.3 MeV is described. Data were obtained detecting the scattered pion and recoil proton in coincidence at 12 laboratory pion angles from 55 to 155 degrees for pi+p, and six angles from 60 to 155 degrees for pi-p. Single arm measurements were also obtained for pi+p energies up to 218.1 MeV, with the scattered pi+ detected at six angles from 20 to 70 degrees. A flat-walled, super-cooled liquid hydrogen target as well as solid CH2 targets were used. The data are characterized by small uncertainties, ~1-2% statistical and ~1-1.5% normalization. The reliability of the cross section results was ensured by carrying out the measurements under a variety of experimental conditions to identify and quantify the sources of instrumental uncertainty. Our lowest and highest energy data are consistent with overlapping results from TRIUMF and LAMPF. In general, the Virginia Polytechnic Institute SM95 partial wave analysis solution describes our data well, but the older Karlsruhe-Helsinki PWA solution KH80 does not.
Centre of mass absolute differential cross sections at pion kinetic energy 141.15 MeV using the liquid H2 target and single arm pion detection. There is an additional systematic error of 1.1 PCT for PI+ beams which is not included in the errors shown in the table.
Centre of mass absolute differential cross sections at pion kinetic energy 141.15 MeV using the liquid H2 target and two arm pion detection. There is an additional systematic error of 1.3 PCT for PI+ beams which is not included in the errors shown in the table.
Centre of mass absolute differential cross sections at pion kinetic energy 141.15 MeV using the liquid H2 target and two arm pion detection. There is an additional systematic error of 1.3 PCT (1.6 PCT) for PI+ (PI-) beams which is not included in the errors shown in the table.
Σ + p elastic scattering has been studied using a scintillating fiber block (SCIFI) which served as a target for the production of Σ + hyperons as well as for subsequent Σ + scattering on hydrogen. A new technique for the analysis of the hyperon-nucleon scattering in the SCIFI has been developed and established. In this paper, Σ + p elastic scattering events have been identified in the Σ + momentum range of 300–600 MeV/ c , and differential cross sections have been obtained at two angles. The results are compared with various theoretical baryon-baryon interaction models.
No description provided.
Polarized and unpolarized proton-proton elastic scattering is investigated with the EDDA-experiment at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY at Jülich to significantly improve the world data base in the beam energy range 500–2500 MeV. Measurements during beam acceleration with thin internal targets and a large acceptance detector provide excitation functions over a broad angular and energy range with unprecedented internal consistency. Data taking with an unpolarized CH2 fiber target and an unpolarized beam have been completed and the derived differential cross sections are presented and compared to a recent phase shift analysis. With a polarized atomic beam target newly installed in COSY and a polarized COSY beam—currently under development—the measurements will be extended to analyzing powers and spin correlation parameters.
No description provided.
Data from Rohdjess dissertation.
No description provided.
Excitation functions of proton-proton elastic scattering cross sections have been measured in narrow steps for projectile momenta pp (energies Tp) from 1100 to 3300MeV/c (500 to 2500 MeV) in the angular range 35°≤Θc.m.≤90° with a detector providing ΔΘc.m.≈1.4° resolution. Measurements have been performed continuously during projectile acceleration in the cooler synchrotron COSY with an internal CH2 fiber target, taking particular care to monitor luminosity as a function of Tp. The advantages of this experimental technique are demonstrated, and the excitation functions obtained are compared to existing cross section data. No evidence for narrow structures was found.
No description provided.
No description provided.
No description provided.
In the energy region around 380 keV (lab.) and at detection angles near 45° (lab.) the cross section of proton-proton scattering exhibits a deep minimum, since the Coulomb amplitude and the nuclear amplitude almost cancel each other out, resulting in a pronounced deviation from pure Mott scattering. A new set of precise data in the-energy range between 300 and 407 keV was recorded using the accelerator of the IKP Münster by employing a thin gas jet target with an areal density smaller than 8 × 10 14 cm −2 . For the first time p-p scattering near the interference minimum was studied under single scattering conditions using a high quality ion beam (energy spread <40 eV). Since the energy smearing was two orders of magnitude lower than that of the former measurements, a more detailed evaluation of the data was feasible, resulting in differential cross sections near the minimum which are smaller than published before. The measured values cannot be explained by the interference of the Coulomb and the nuclear amplitude alone but suggest the need for vacuum polarization or other additional effects. The position of the minimum was determined to be (382.8 ± 0.1) keV.
Axis error includes +- 0.0/0.0 contribution (?////Random and systematic erros include: adjustment of the ion beam and of the detector system, accelerator energy, counting statistics, correction of the background of the measured peaks, pile-up peaks of the 5.7 deg conters, statisticsof the Monte Carlo simulations, model uncertainty, diameter of the ion beam, po sition of the target, luminosity correction factor K* and the influence of the phase delta_0, fixed in advance, on the angular distribution of the cross section).
Differential cross sections for Compton scattering by the proton have been measured in the energy interval between 200 and 500 MeV at scattering angles of θ cms = 75° and θ cms = 90° using the CATS, the CATS/TRAJAN, and the COPP setups with the Glasgow Tagger at MAMI (Mainz). The data are compared with predictions from dispersion theory using photo-meson amplitudes from the recent VPI solution SM95. The experiment and the theoretical procedure are described in detail. It is found that the experiment and predictions are in agreement as far as the energy dependence of the differential cross sections in the Δ-range is concerned. However, there is evidence that a scaling down of the resonance part of the M 1+ 3 2 photo-meson amplitude by (2.8 ± 0.9)% is required in comparison with the VPI analysis. The deduced value of the M 1+ 3 2 - photoproduction amplitude at the resonance energy of 320 MeV is: |M 1+ 3 2 | = (39.6 ± 0.4) × 10 −3 m π + −1 .
No description provided.
No description provided.
Bhabha scattering at a center-of-mass energy of 57.77 GeV has been measured using the VENUS detector at KEK TRISTAN. The precision is better than 1% in scattering angle regions of |cosθ|⩽0.743 and 0.822⩽cosθ⩽0.968. A model-independent scattering-angle distribution is extracted from the measurement. The distribution is in good agreement with the prediction of the standard electroweak theory. The sensitivity to underlying theories is examined, after unfolding the photon-radiation effect. The q2 dependence of the photon vacuum polarization, frequently interpreted as a running of the QED fine-structure constant, is directly observed with a significance of three standard deviations. The Z0 exchange effect is clearly seen when the distribution is compared with the prediction from QED (photon exchanges only). The agreement with the standard theory leads us to constraints on extensions of the standard theory. In all quantitative discussions, correlations in the systematic error between angular bins are taken into account by employing an error matrix technique.
Cross section is integrated over the cos(theta ) bin.
We report measurements of the proton form factors GEp and GMp extracted from elastic scattering in the range 1≤Q2≤3 (GeV/c)2 with total uncertainties < 15% in GEp and < 3% in GMp. Comparisons are made to theoretical models, including those based on perturbative QCD, vector-meson dominance, QCD sum rules, and diquark constituents in the proton. The results for GEp are somewhat larger than indicated by most theoretical parametrizations, and the ratios of the Pauli and Dirac form factors Q2(F2pF1p) are lower in value and demonstrate a weaker Q2 dependence than those predictions. A global extraction of the elastic form factors from several experiments in the range 0.1 0.1<Q2<10 (GeV/c)2 is also presented.
Point-to-point systematic uncertainty is 0.5%, overall normailzation uncertainty is 1.9%.
Point-to-point systematic uncertainty is 0.5%, overall normailzation uncertainty is 1.9%.
Point-to-point systematic uncertainty is 0.5%, overall normailzation uncertainty is 1.9%.
The angular distributions of the analyzing power A y and of the differential cross section d σ/ d Ω in p p elastic scattering have been measured at 439 and 544 MeV/c. The results of A y are compared with various theoretical models.
Data requested from authors.
Legendre fit polynomials.
Normalized Legendre fit polynomials.
Full angular distributions of the differential cross-section dσ/dμ and of the analysing power A y in p p elastic scattering have been measured at 697 MeV/ c . The results of A y are compared with the predictions of various theoretical models.
No description provided.
No description provided.
Legendre Polynomials from fit to angular distribution (LEG(L=0)=3.59 +- 0.02).
We report measurements of the proton elastic form factors, G E p and G M p , extracted from electron scattering in the range 1⩽ Q 2 ⩽3(GeV/ c ) 2 . The uncertainties are <15% in G E p and <3% in G M p . The values of G E p are larger than indicated by most theoretical parameterizations, The ratio of Pauli and Dirac form factors, Q 2 F 2 p / F 1 p , is lower and demonstrates less Q 2 dependence than most of these parameterizations. Comparisons are made to theoretical models, including those based on perturbative QCD and vector-meson dominance.
No description provided.
No description provided.
No description provided.
The contradiction of the σ term of pion-nucleon scattering as deduced from the Karlsruhe-Helsinki phase shifts with the smaller value calculated by the chiral perturbation theory of QCD is well known. In an effort to clarify the discrepancy we have determined the real part of the isospin-even forward-scattering amplitude of pion-nucleon scattering at a pion energy Tπ=54.3 MeV by measurement of the elastic scattering of positive and negative pions on protons in the Coulomb-nuclear interference region. The deduced value is in agreement with the prediction of the Karlsruhe-Helsinki phase-shift analysis for that energy. The resulting large value of the σ term may be interpreted as being due to the influence of s¯s sea pairs even at large distances (small Q2) as previously suggested by the European Muon Collaboration measurement of deep-inelastic scattering of polarized muons on polarized protons.
No description provided.
Differential cross sections for the processes e + e − → e + e − (Bhabha scattering) and e + e − → γγ have been measured with the TOPAZ detector at s =52 GeV . The results agree with the predictions of quantum electrodynamics (QED). The lower limits for the QED cut-off parameters have been obtained to be Λ + ⩾115 GeV and Λ − ⩾236 GeV for Bhabha scattering, and Λ + ⩾94 GeV and Λ − ⩾59 GeV for the reaction e + e − → γγ .
Statistical errors only.
Statistical errors only.
Ratio of experimental data to prediction for lowest order QED. Statistical errors only.
We report on high statistics Bhabha scattering data taken with the TASSO experiment at PETRA at center of mass energies from 12 GeV to 46.8 GeV. We present an analysis in terms of electroweak parameters of the standard model, give limits on QED cut-off parameters and look for possible signs of compositeness.
Axis error includes +- 1/1 contribution (The overall uncertainty in the bin-to-bin polar acceptance due to shower corrections, trigger and reconstruction efficiencies was estimated to be less than 1% and was added in quadrature to the statistical errorsData have been corrected for qed radiative effects up to order alpha**3 (F.A.Berends, R.Kleiss, Nucl.Phys.B206(1983)61)//Weak radiative corrections have not yet been provided in a form of a Monte Carlo generator program, but are estimated to be negligible at PETRA energies (M.Bohm, A.Denner, W.Hollik, DESY-86-165)).
Axis error includes +- 1/1 contribution (The overall uncertainty in the bin-to-bin polar acceptance due to shower corrections, trigger and reconstruction efficiencies was estimated to be less than 1% and was added in quadrature to the statistical errorsData have been corrected for qed radiative effects up to order alpha**3 (F.A.Berends, R.Kleiss, Nucl.Phys.B206(1983)61)//Weak radiative corrections have not yet been provided in a form of a Monte Carlo generator program, but are estimated to be negligible at PETRA energies (M.Bohm, A.Denner, W.Hollik, DESY-86-165)).
Axis error includes +- 1/1 contribution (The overall uncertainty in the bin-to-bin polar acceptance due to shower corrections, trigger and reconstruction efficiencies was estimated to be less than 1% and was added in quadrature to the statistical errorsData have been corrected for qed radiative effects up to order alpha**3 (F.A.Berends, R.Kleiss, Nucl.Phys.B206(1983)61)//Weak radiative corrections have not yet been provided in a form of a Monte Carlo generator program, but are estimated to be negligible at PETRA energies (M.Bohm, A.Denner, W.Hollik, DESY-86-165)).
The real part of the isospin-even forward-scattering amplitude of pion-nucleon scattering has been determined at a pion energy of Tπ=55 MeV by measurement of the elastic scattering of positive and negative pions on protons within the Coulomb-nuclear interference region. The value confirms the prediction of the Karlsruhe-Helsinki phase-shift analysis for that energy. These phases have been used to determine the σ term of pion-nucleon scattering by means of dispersion relations, resulting in a value for σ which is in contradiction with chiral perturbation theory of QCD.
PI- P cross sections normalised to the Coulomb cross section taken from the Karlesruhe-Helsinki phase shift analysis (R. Koch, E. Pietarinen (NP A336(80)331).
This paper reports measurements of the differential cross sections for the reactions e+e−→e+e− (Bhabha scattering) and e+e−→γγ (γ-pair production). The reactions are studied at a center-of-mass energy of 29 GeV and in the polar-angular region ‖costheta‖<0.55. A direct cross-section comparison between these two reactions provides a sensitive test of the predictions of quantum electrodynamics (QED) to order α3. When the ratio of γ-pair to Bhabha experimental cross sections, integrated over ‖costheta‖<0.55, is divided by the same ratio predicted from α3 QED theory, the result is 1.007±0.009±0.008. The 95%-confidence limits on the QED-cutoff parameters are Λ+>154 GeV and Λ−>220 GeV for Bhabha scattering, and Λ+>59 GeV and Λ−>59 GeV for γ-pair production.
No description provided.
A high-precision measurement of the differential cross section for Bhabha scattering (e+e−→e+e−) is presented. The measurement was performed with the MAC detector at the PEP storage ring of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, at a center-of-mass energy of 29 GeV. Effects due to electroweak interference are observed and agree well with the predictions of the Glashow-Salam-Weinberg model. The agreement between the data and the electroweak prediction rules out substructure of the electron up to mass scales of 1 TeV.
Error contains both statistics and systematics.
No description provided.
No description provided.
Results are reported on a high statistics study of Bhabha scattering at 29 GeV in the polar angle region, |cos θ | < 0.55. The data are consistent with the standard model, and measure vector and axial-vector coupling constants of g v 2 = 0.03 ± 0.09 and g a 2 = 0.46±0.14. Limits on the QED-cutoff parameters are Λ + > 154 GeV and Λ - > 220 GeV. Lower limits on scale parameters of composite models are in the range 0.9–2.8 TeV. The partial width of a hypothetical spin-zero boson decaying to e + e − has an upper limit which varies from 6 to 57 MeV corresponding to a boson mass in the range 45–80 GeV/ c 2 .
No description provided.
No description provided.
An analysis of the three leptonic reactionse+e−→e+e−,μ+μ− andτ+τ− over a wide range of energy,\(12< \sqrt s< 46.78 GeV\) is presented. The data were obtained with the JADE detector at thee+e− storage ring PETRA. They are compared to predictions of electroweak theories, in particular the standard model. For the total cross-sections of all three reactions and for the differential cross-section of Bhabha scattering no deviation from QED is found over the entire energy range. The differential cross-sections of μ and τ pairs at high energies show the angular asymmetry predicted by electroweak interference. The axial-vector and vector weak coupling constant, sin2θW andMZ are determined and compared to other measurements. Finally, limits on deviations from the standard model are given.
No description provided.
No description provided.
No description provided.
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