We present a measurement of the double longitudinal spin asymmetry in inclusive pi^0 production in polarized proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV. The data were taken at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider with average beam polarizations of 26%. The measurements are the first of a program to study the longitudinal spin structure of the proton, using strongly interacting probes, at collider energies. The asymmetry is presented for transverse momenta 1-5 GeV/c at mid-rapidity, where next-to-leading order perturbative quantum chromodynamic (NLO pQCD) calculations describe the unpolarized cross section well. The observed asymmetry is small and is compared with a NLO pQCD calculation with a range of polarized gluon distributions.
Double spin asymmetry for the raw signal ($\pi^0 + BG$), for the background ($BG$) and for $\pi^0$ background corrected; single spin asymmetry for $\pi^0$ background corrected; for the four $p_T$ bins.
Single spin raw asymmetry normalized by the beam polarization, $\epsilon$/$P$, as a function of azimuthal angle $\phi$, for forward neutron production.
The measured double spin asymmetry $A^{\pi^0}_{LL}$ versus mean $p_T$ of $\pi^0$s in each bin. Not included in the figure/table: the correlated for all points scale systematic uncertainty of 65% (scales values and stat. uncertainties of points by the same factor).
Exclusive rho^+ rho^- production in two-photon collisions involving a single highly-virtual photon is studied with data collected at LEP at centre-of-mass energies 89 GeV < \sqrt{s} < 209 GeV with a total integrated luminosity of 854.7 pb^-1. The cross section of the process gamma gamma^* -> rho^+ rho^- is determined as a function of the photon virtuality, Q^2, and the two-photon centre-of-mass energy, W_gg, in the kinematic region: 1.2 GeV^2 < Q^2 < 30 GeV^2 and 1.1 GeV < W_gg < 3 GeV. The \rho^+\rho^- production cross section is found to be of the same magnitude as the cross section of the process gamma gamma^* -> rho^0 rho^0, measured in the same kinematic region by L3, and to have similar W_gg and Q^2 dependences.
Cross sections for the reaction E+ E- --> E+ E- RHO+ RHO-. The differentialcross sections are corrected to the centre of each bin.
Cross sections for the two photon production of RHO+ RHO-.
Differential cross section for the process E+ E- --> E+ E- (RHO+ PI- PI0 + RHO+ RHO- PI0 PI0) corrected to bin centre.
Analyzing powers of pion-proton elastic scattering have been measured at PSI with the Low Energy Pion Spectrometer LEPS as well as a novel polarized scintillator target. Angular distributions between 40 and 120 deg (c.m.) were taken at 45.2, 51.2, 57.2, 68.5, 77.2, and 87.2 MeV incoming pion kinetic energy for pi+ p scattering, and at 67.3 and 87.2 MeV for pi- p scattering. These new measurements constitute a substantial extension of the polarization data base at low energies. Predictions from phase shift analyses are compared with the experimental results, and deviations are observed at low energies.
Analyzing power for PI+ P elastic scattering at incidient kinetic energy 87.2 MeV from the data set 1.
Analyzing power for PI+ P elastic scattering at incidient kinetic energy 68.4 MeV from the data set 1.
Analyzing power for PI+ P elastic scattering at incidient kinetic energy 57.2 MeV from the data set 1.
The QED processes e^+ e^- -> e^+ e^- \mu^+ \mu^- and e^+ e^- -> e^+ e^- \tau^+ \tau^- are studied with the L3 detector at LEP using an untagged data sample collected at centre-of-mass energies 161 GeV < sqrt{s} < 209 GeV. The tau-pairs are observed through the associated decay of one tau into e\nu\nu and the other into \pi\pi\nu . The cross sections are measured as a function of sqrt{s}. For muon pairs, the cross section of the \gamma\gamma -> \mu^+\mu^- process is also measured as a function of the two-photon centre-of-mass energy for 3 GeV < W_{\gamma\gamma} < 40 GeV. Good agreement is found between these measurements and the O(\alpha^4) QED expectations. In addition, limits on the anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments of the tau lepton are extracted.
Cross sections for muon-pair production as a function of centre of mass energy.
Cross sections for tau-pair production as a function of centre of mass energy.
Cross sections for the process GAMMA GAMMA --> MU+ MU- as a function of W.
The pd→pdη reaction has been studied in a kinematically complete experiment at five beam energies 927, 961, 996, 1032, and 1096MeV. In contrast to our measurement of the pd→He3η at the same energies, all the c.m. angular distributions are consistent with isotropy. The energy dependence of the total cross section seems to follow a three-body phase space as modified by a proton-deuteron final-state interaction, and such an extrapolation is consistent with other near-threshold data. The distributions of the pd and pη invariant mass at fixed beam energy are both close to those of phase space. However, this is not the case for the dη invariant mass, which shows significant structure in the first few MeV above threshold. This behavior is similar to that observed in the energy variation of the pn→dη total cross section and is the sign of a large η-deuteron scattering length that has been predicted in many theoretical models.
Total cross section as a function of the incident proton kinetic energy and the excess energy Q given by SQRT(S)-M(P)-M(D)-M(ETA).
We report the first inclusive photon measurements about mid-rapidity (|y|<0.5) from Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_{NN}) = 130 GeV at RHIC. Photon pair conversions were reconstructed from electron and positron tracks measured with the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) of the STAR experiment. With this method, an energy resolution of Delta(E)/E = 2% at 0.5 GeV has been achieved. Reconstructed photons have also been used to measure the transverse momentum (pt) spectra of pi0 mesons about mid-rapidity (|y|<1) via the pi0 -> photon photon decay channel. The fractional contribution of the pi0 -> photon photon decay to the inclusive photon spectrum decreases by 20% +/- 5% between pt = 1.65 GeV/c and pt = 2.4 GeV/c in the most central events, indicating that relative to pi0 -> photon photon decay the contribution of other photon sources is substantially increasing.
Data for the electron-positron invariant mass plots
dE/dx deviant distributions of positive daughters
Data for the number of reconstructed photon conversions as a function of conversion location plots
The reactions e^+e^- -> e^+e^- Lambda X and e^+e^- -> e^+e^- Lambda X are studied using data collected at LEP with the L3 detector at centre-of-mass energies between 189 and 209 GeV. Inclusive differential cross sections are measured as a function of the lambda transverse momentum, p_t, and pseudo-rapidity, eta, in the ranges 0.4 GeV < p_t < 2.5 GeV and |\eta| < 1.2. The data are compared to Monte Carlo predictions. The differential cross section as a function of p_t is well described by an exponential of the form A exp (- p_t / <p_t>)$.
The differential cross section for LAMBDA production as a function of PT.
The differential cross section for LAMBDA production as a function of pseudorapidity in two PT regions.
We present the results of a systematic study of the shape of the pion distribution in coordinate space at freeze-out in Au+Au collisions at RHIC using two-pion Hanbury Brown-Twiss (HBT) interferometry. Oscillations of the extracted HBT radii vs. emission angle indicate sources elongated perpendicular to the reaction plane. The results indicate that the pressure and expansion time of the collision system are not sufficient to completely quench its initial shape.
Squared HBT radii relative to the reaction plane angle for three centrality classes.
Squared HBT radii relative to the reaction plane angle for four kT (GeV/c) bins, 20-30% centrality events.
Fourier coefficients of azimuthal oscillations of HBT radii vs number of participating nucleons, for three kT (GeV/c) bins. Larger participant numbers correspond to more central collisions.
We report the first observations of the first harmonic (directed flow, v_1), and the fourth harmonic (v_4), in the azimuthal distribution of particles with respect to the reaction plane in Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Both measurements were done taking advantage of the large elliptic flow (v_2) generated at RHIC. From the correlation of v_2 with v_1 it is determined that v_2 is positive, or {\it in-plane}. The integrated v_4 is about a factor of 10 smaller than v_2. For the sixth (v_6) and eighth (v_8) harmonics upper limits on the magnitudes are reported.
$v_1$ of charged particles as a function of pseudorapidity for 10-70% centrality. Non-flow systematic uncertainties are approximately 20%.
$v_2$ with respect to the second harmonic event plane as a function of $p_T$ for the minimum bias Au+Au collisions. Background from secondary particles is expected to be less than 15%. Non-flow systematic uncertainties are approximately 20%. Fluctuations in initial geometry can lead to an effect of about a factor of 1.2 to 1.5.
$v_4$ with respect to the second harmonic event plane as a function of $p_T$ for the minimum bias Au+Au collisions. Background from secondary particles is expected to be less than 15%. Non-flow systematic uncertainties are approximately 20%. Fluctuations in initial geometry can lead to an effect of about a factor of 1.2 to 1.5.
Measurements of the production of forward high-energy pi0 mesons from transversely polarized proton collisions at \sqrt{s}=200 GeV are reported. The cross section is generally consistent with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations. The analyzing power is small at x_F below about 0.3, and becomes positive and large at higher x_F, similar to the trend in data at \sqrt{s}<=20 GeV. The analyzing power is in qualitative agreement with perturbative QCD model expectations. This is the first significant spin result seen for particles produced with p_T>1 GeV/c at a polarized proton collider.
Inclusive $\pi^{0}$ production cross section versus leading $\pi^{0}$ energy ($E_{\pi}$). The average transverse momentum ($\langle p_{T}\rangle$) is correlated with $E_{\pi}$, as the PFPD was at a fixed pseudorapidity ($\eta$). The inner error bars are statistical, and are smaller than the symbols for most points. The outer error bars combine these with the $E_{\pi}$-dependent systematic errors. The curves are NLO pQCD calculations evaluated at $\eta=3.8$ [29-31].
Analyzing powers versus Feynman $x$ ($x_{F}$). The average transverse momentum ($\langle p_{T}\rangle$) is correlated with $x_{F}$. The solid points are for identified $\pi^{0}$ mesons. The open points are for the total energy ($E_{\scriptsize{\mbox{tot}}}$), shifted by $x_{F}+0.01$. The inner error bars are statistical, and the outer combine these with the point-to-point systematic errors. The curves are from pQCD models evaluated at $p_{T}=1.5$ GeV/c [14-17]. The $A_{N}$ values are proportional to $A^{\scriptsize{\mbox{CNI}}}_{N}$, assumed to be 0.013 at 100 GeV.
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