The differential cross section for the process $\gamma \gamma \to \eta \pi^0$ has been measured in the kinematic range $0.84 \GeV < W < 4.0 \GeV$, $|\cos \theta^*|<0.8$, where $W$ and $\theta^*$ are the energy and $\pi^0$ (or $\eta$) scattering angle, respectively, in the $\gamma\gamma$ center-of-mass system. The results are based on a 223 fb$^{-1}$ data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB $e^+ e^-$ collider. Clear peaks due to the $a_0(980)$ and $a_2(1320)$ are visible. The differential cross sections are fitted in the energy region $0.9 \GeV < W < 1.46 \GeV$ to obtain the parameters of the $a_0(980)$. Its mass, width and $\Gamma_{\gamma \gamma} \B (\eta \pi^0)$ are measured to be $982.3 ^{+0.6}_{-0.7} ^{+3.1}_{-4.7} \MeV/c^2$, $75.6 \pm 1.6 ^{+17.4}_{-10.0} \MeV$ and $128 ^{+3}_{-2} ^{+502}_{-43} \eV$, respectively. The energy and angular dependences above 3.1 GeV are compared with those measured in the $\pi^0 \pi^0$ channel. The integrated cross section over $|\cos \theta^*|<0.8$ has a $W^{-n}$ dependence with $n = 10.5 \pm 1.2 \pm 0.5$, which is slightly larger than that for $\pi^0 \pi^0$. The differential cross sections show a $\sin^{-4} \theta^*$ dependence similar to $\gamma \gamma \to \pi^0 \pi^0$. The measured cross section ratio, $\sigma(\eta \pi^0)/\sigma(\pi^0 \pi^0) = 0.48 \pm 0.05 \pm 0.04$, is consistent with a QCD-based prediction.
The total cross section integrated over ABS(COS(THETA*)) < 0.8.
The differential cross section as a function of angle for W = 0.85 GeV.
The differential cross section as a function of angle for W = 0.87 GeV.
The two-pion production in pp-collisions has been investigated at CELSIUS in exclusive measurements from threshold up to $T_p$ = 1.36 GeV. Total and differential cross sections have been obtained for the channels $pn\pi^+\pi^0$, $pp\pi^+\pi^-$, $pp\pi^0\pi^0$ and also $nn\pi^+\pi^+$. For intermediate incident energies $T_p >$ 1 GeV, i.e. in the region which is beyond the Roper excitation but at the onset of $\Delta\Delta$ excitation, the total $pp\pi^0\pi^0$ cross section falls behind theoretical predictions by as much as an order of magnitude near 1.2 GeV, whereas the $nn\pi^+\pi^+$ cross section is a factor of five larger than predicted. An isospin decompostion of the total cross sections exhibits a s-channel-like energy dependence in the region of the Roper excitation as well as a significant contribution of an isospin 3/2 resonance other than the $\Delta(1232)$. As possible candidates the $\Delta(1600)$ and the $\Delta(1700)$ are discussed.
Cross section for the (P P PI0 PI0) channel.
Cross sections for the (N N PI+ PI+) and (P N PI+ PI0) channels at EKIN = 1.1 GeV.
Differential cross sections for the reaction $\gamma p \to n \pi^+$ have been measured with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) and a tagged photon beam with energies from 0.725 to 2.875 GeV. Where available, the results obtained here compare well with previously published results for the reaction. Agreement with the SAID and MAID analyses is found below 1 GeV. The present set of cross sections has been incorporated into the SAID database, and exploratory fits have been made up to 2.7 GeV. Resonance couplings have been extracted and compared to previous determinations. With the addition of these cross sections to the world data set, significant changes have occurred in the high-energy behavior of the SAID cross-section predictions and amplitudes.
Differential cross sections for incident photon energies 0.725, 0.775, 0.825and 0.875 GeV.
Differential cross sections for incident photon energies 0.925, 0.975, 1.025and 1.075 GeV.
Differential cross sections for incident photon energies 1.125, 1.175, 1.225and 1.275 GeV.
The dissociation of virtual photons, $\gamma^{\star} p \to X p$, in events with a large rapidity gap between $X$ and the outgoing proton, as well as in events in which the leading proton was directly measured, has been studied with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The data cover photon virtualities $Q^2>2$ GeV$^2$ and $\gamma^{\star} p$ centre-of-mass energies $40<W<240$ GeV, with $M_X>2$ GeV, where $M_X$ is the mass of the hadronic final state, $X$. Leading protons were detected in the ZEUS leading proton spectrometer. The cross section is presented as a function of $t$, the squared four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex and $\Phi$, the azimuthal angle between the positron scattering plane and the proton scattering plane. It is also shown as a function of $Q^2$ and $\xpom$, the fraction of the proton's momentum carried by the diffractive exchange, as well as $\beta$, the Bjorken variable defined with respect to the diffractive exchange.
The differential cross section DSIG/DT for the LRG and the LPS data samples.
The fitted exponential slope of the T distribution as a function of X(NAME=POMERON).
The fitted exponential slope of the T distribution as a function of X(NAME=POMERON).
The cross sections for $e^+ e^- \to \phi\pi^+\pi^-$ and $e^+ e^- \to \phi \fzero$ are measured from threshold to $\sqrt{s}=3.0$ $\hbox{GeV}$ using initial state radiation. The analysis is based on a data sample of 673 fb$^{-1}$ collected on and below the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider. First measurements are reported for the resonance parameters of the $\phi(1680)$ in the $\phi\pi^+\pi^-$ mode: $m=(1689\pm 7\pm 10)$ MeV/$c^2$ and $\Gamma=(211\pm 14\pm 19)$ MeV/$c^2$. A structure at $\sqrt{s}=2.1 \hbox{GeV}/c^2$, corresponding to the so called Y(2175), is observed/ its mass and width are determined to be $2079\pm13^{+79}_{-28}$ MeV/$c^2$ and $192\pm23^{+25}_{-61} \hbox{MeV}/c^2$, respectively.
Measured E+ E- --> PHI PI+ PI- cross section.
Measured E+ E- --> PHI F0 cross section.
We report a measurement of the exclusive \$e^+e^- \to \Lambda_c^+ \Lambda_c^-$ cross section as a function of center-of-mass energy near the $\Lambda_c^+ \Lambda_c^-$ threshold. A clear peak with a significance of $8.8\sigma$ is observed in the $\Lambda_c^+ \Lambda_c^-$ invariant mass distribution just above threshold. With an assumption of a resonance origin for the observed peak, a mass and width of $M=(4634^{+8}_{-7} \mathrm{(stat.)} ^{+5}_{-8} \mathrm{(sys.)})\mevc$ and $\Gamma_{\mathrm{tot}}=(92^{+40}_{-24} \mathrm{(stat.)}^{+10}_{-21} \mathrm{(sys.)})\mev$ are determined. The analysis is based on a study of events with initial-state-radiation photons in a data sample collected with the Belle detector at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance and nearby continuum with an integrated luminosity of 695 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^_$ collider.
Cross section for the exclusive process E+ E- --> LAMBDA/C+ LAMBDA/CBAR-.
The reaction $\gamma p\to p\pi^0\eta$ has been studied with the CBELSA detector at the tagged photon beam of the Bonn electron stretcher facility. The reaction shows contributions from $\Delta^+(1232)\eta$, $N(1535)^+\pi^0$ and $pa_0(980)$ as intermediate states. A partial wave analysis suggests that the reaction proceeds via formation of six $\Delta$ resonances, $\Delta(1600)P_{33}$, $\Delta(1920)P_{33}$, $\Delta(1700)D_{33}$, $\Delta(1940)D_{33}$, $\Delta(1905)F_{35}$, $\Delta(2360)D_{33}$, and two nucleon resonances $N(1880)P_{11}$ and $N(2200)P_{13}$, for which pole positions and decay branching ratios are given.
Total cross section for GAMMA P --> P PI0 ETA.
Differential cross sections as a function of the angles of the individual final state particles for the W range 1.7 to 1.9 GeV.. Errors shown are statistical only.
Differential cross sections as a function of the angles of the individual final state particles for the W range 1.9 to 2.1 GeV.. Errors shown are statistical only.
We report a high-statistics measurement of differential cross sections for the process gamma gamma -> pi^0 pi^0 in the kinematic range 0.6 GeV <= W <= 4.0 GeV and |cos theta*| <= 0.8, where W and theta* are the energy and pion scattering angle, respectively, in the gamma gamma center-of-mass system. Differential cross sections are fitted to obtain information on S, D_0, D_2, G_0 and G_2 waves. The G waves are important above W ~= 1.6 GeV. For W <= 1.6 GeV the D_2 wave is dominated by the f_2(1270) resonance while the S wave requires at least one additional resonance besides the f_0(980), which may be the f_0(1370) or f_0(1500). The differential cross sections are fitted with a simple parameterization to determine the parameters (the mass, total width and Gamma_{gamma gamma}B(f_0 -> pi^0 pi^0)) of this scalar meson as well as the f_0(980). The helicity 0 fraction of the f_2(1270) meson, taking into account interference for the first time, is also obtained.
Differential cross section for W = 0.61, 0.63 and 0.65 GeV.
Differential cross section for W = 0.67, 0.69 and 0.71 GeV.
Differential cross section for W = 0.73, 0.75 and 0.77 GeV.
A comprehensive survey of event-by-event fluctuations of charged hadron multiplicity in relativistic heavy ions is presented. The survey covers Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 62.4 and 200 GeV, and Cu+Cu collisions sqrt(s_NN) = 22.5, 62.4, and 200 GeV. Fluctuations are measured as a function of collision centrality, transverse momentum range, and charge sign. After correcting for non-dynamical fluctuations due to fluctuations in the collision geometry within a centrality bin, the remaining dynamical fluctuations expressed as the variance normalized by the mean tend to decrease with increasing centrality. The dynamical fluctuations are consistent with or below the expectation from a superposition of participant nucleon-nucleon collisions based upon p+p data, indicating that this dataset does not exhibit evidence of critical behavior in terms of the compressibility of the system. An analysis of Negative Binomial Distribution fits to the multiplicity distributions demonstrates that the heavy ion data exhibit weak clustering properties.
Additional information containing number of events which were used to reconstruct the numvers matching to Figure 1 and 2.
Additional information containing number of events which were used to reconstruct the numvers matching to Figure 1 and 2.
Additional information containing number of events which were used to reconstruct the numvers matching to Figure 1 and 2.
Quasi-free photoproduction of eta-mesons off nucleons bound in the deuteron has been measured with the CBELSA/TAPS detector for incident photon energies up to 2.5 GeV at the Bonn ELSA accelerator. The eta-mesons have been detected in coincidence with recoil protons and recoil neutrons, which allows a detailed comparison of the quasi-free n(gamma,eta)n and p(gamma,eta)p reactions. The excitation function for eta-production off the neutron shows a pronounced bump-like structure at W=1.68 GeV (E_g ~ 1 GeV), which is absent for the proton.
Measured value of the quasi-free eta cross section off protons and neutrons as a function of incident photon energy.
Ratio of the measured quasi-free neutron to proton cross sections as a function of incident photon energy.
Measured angular distribution for an incident photon energy of 0.700 GeV.
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