A search for resonances decaying into a W boson and a radion, where the radion decays into two W bosons, is presented. The data analyzed correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$ recorded in proton-proton collisions with the CMS detector at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. One isolated charged lepton is required, together with one or two massive large-radius jets, containing the decay products of either two or one W bosons, respectively. No excess over the background estimation is observed. The results are combined with those from a complementary channel with an all-hadronic final state, described in an accompanying paper. Limits are set on parameters of an extended warped extra-dimensional model. These searches are the first of their kind at the LHC.
Post-fit distributions of the reconstructed $\ell\nu$+jets system ($m_{\mathrm{j}\ell\nu}$, $m_{\mathrm{jj}\ell\nu}$) in data and simulation for SR4.
Observed upper limits at 95\% \CL on the signal cross section $\times$ branching fraction as functions of the $m_{\mathrm{W}_{\mathrm{KK}}}$ and $m_{\mathrm{R}}$ resonance masses after combinign with an analysis of the all-hadronic final state.
Expected median lower limit contour on the $m_{\mathrm{W}_{\mathrm{KK}}}$ and $m_{\mathrm{R}}$ plane after combinign with an analysis of the all-hadronic final state.
A new algorithm is presented to discriminate reconstructed hadronic decays of tau leptons ($\tau_\mathrm{h}$) that originate from genuine tau leptons in the CMS detector against $\tau_\mathrm{h}$ candidates that originate from quark or gluon jets, electrons, or muons. The algorithm inputs information from all reconstructed particles in the vicinity of a $\tau_\mathrm{h}$ candidate and employs a deep neural network with convolutional layers to efficiently process the inputs. This algorithm leads to a significantly improved performance compared with the previously used one. For example, the efficiency for a genuine $\tau_\mathrm{h}$ to pass the discriminator against jets increases by 10-30% for a given efficiency for quark and gluon jets. Furthermore, a more efficient $\tau_\mathrm{h}$ reconstruction is introduced that incorporates additional hadronic decay modes. The superior performance of the new algorithm to discriminate against jets, electrons, and muons and the improved $\tau_\mathrm{h}$ reconstruction method are validated with LHC proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV.
Decay mode confusion matrix. For a given generated decay mode, the fractions of reconstructed tau_h in different decay modes are given, as well as the fraction of generated tau_h that are not reconstructed. Both the generated and reconstructed tau_h need to fulfil pt > 20 GeV and |eta| < 2.3. The tau_h candidates come from a Z to tau tau event sample with m(tau, tau) > 50 GeV.
Efficiency for quark and gluon jets to pass different tau identification discriminators versus the efficiency for genuine tau_h. The upper two plots are obtained with jets from the W+jets simulated sample and the lower two plots with jets from the tt sample. The left two plots include jets and genuine tau_h with pt < 100 GeV, whereas the right two plots include those with pt > 100 GeV. The working points are indicated as full circles. The efficiency for jets from the W+jets event sample, enriched in quark jets, to pass the discriminators is higher compared to jets from the tt event sample, which has a larger fraction of gluon and b-quark jets. The jet efficiency for a given tau_h efficiency is larger for jets and tau_h with pt < 100 GeV than for those with pt > 100 GeV. Compared with the previously used MVA discriminator, the DEEPTAU discriminator reduces the jet efficiency for a given tau_h efficiency by consistently more than a factor of 1.8, and by more at high tau_h efficiency. The additional gain at high pt comes from the inclusion of updated decay modes in the tau_h reconstruction, as illustrated by the curves for the previously used MVA discriminator but including reconstructed tau_h candidates with additional decay modes.
Efficiency for quark and gluon jets to pass different tau identification discriminators versus the efficiency for genuine tau_h. The upper two plots are obtained with jets from the W+jets simulated sample and the lower two plots with jets from the tt sample. The left two plots include jets and genuine tau_h with pt < 100 GeV, whereas the right two plots include those with pt > 100 GeV. The working points are indicated as full circles. The efficiency for jets from the W+jets event sample, enriched in quark jets, to pass the discriminators is higher compared to jets from the tt event sample, which has a larger fraction of gluon and b-quark jets. The jet efficiency for a given tau_h efficiency is larger for jets and tau_h with pt < 100 GeV than for those with pt > 100 GeV. Compared with the previously used MVA discriminator, the DEEPTAU discriminator reduces the jet efficiency for a given tau_h efficiency by consistently more than a factor of 1.8, and by more at high tau_h efficiency. The additional gain at high pt comes from the inclusion of updated decay modes in the tau_h reconstruction, as illustrated by the curves for the previously used MVA discriminator but including reconstructed tau_h candidates with additional decay modes.
>Results are presented from a search for charged-lepton flavor violating (CLFV) interactions in top quark production and decay in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The events are required to contain one oppositely charged electron-muon pair in the final state, along with at least one jet identified as originating from a bottom quark. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. This analysis includes both the production (q $\to$ e$\mu$t) and decay (t $\to$ e$\mu$q) modes of the top quark through CLFV interactions, with q referring to an u or c quark. These interactions are parametrized using an effective field theory approach. With no significant excess over the standard model expectation, the results are interpreted in terms of vector-, scalar-, and tensor-like CLFV four-fermion effective interactions. Finally, observed exclusion limits are set at 95% confidence levels on the respective branching fractions of a top quark to an e$\mu$ pair and an up (charm) quark of 0.13 $\times$ 10$^{-6}$ (1.31 $\times$ 10$^{-6}$), 0.07 $\times$ 10$^{-6}$ (0.89 $\times$ 10$^{-6}$), and 0.25 $\times$ 10$^{-6}$ (2.59 $\times$ 10$^{-6}$) for vector, scalar, and tensor CLFV interactions, respectively.
The expected and observed upper limits on the signal cross sections.
The expected and observed upper limits on CLFV Wilson coefficients. The Limits on the Wilson coefficients are extracted from the upper limits on the cross sections. Since the cross sections are quadratic functions of the Wilson coefficients, the limits lie on an ellipse given by the coordinate intersections.
The expected and observed upper limits on top quark CLFV branching fractions. The Limits on the top quark CLFV branching fractions are extracted from the upper limits on the Wilson coefficients.
The leptonic and inclusive hadronic decay branching fractions of the W boson are measured using proton-proton collision data collected at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. Events characterized by the production of one or two W bosons are selected and categorized based on the multiplicity and flavor of reconstructed leptons, the number of jets, and the number of jets identified as originating from the hadronization of b quarks. A binned maximum likelihood estimate of the W boson branching fractions is performed simultaneously in each event category. The measured branching fractions of the W boson decaying into electron, muon, and tau lepton final states are (10.83 $\pm$ 0.10)%, (10.94 $\pm$ 0.08)%, and (10.77 $\pm$ 0.21)%, respectively, consistent with lepton flavor universality for the weak interaction. The average leptonic and inclusive hadronic decay branching fractions are estimated to be (10.89 $\pm$ 0.08)% and (67.32 $\pm$ 0.23)%, respectively. Based on the hadronic branching fraction, three standard model quantities are subsequently derived: the sum of squared elements in the first two rows of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix $\sum_{ij}\vert V_{ij}\vert^{2}$ = 1.984 $\pm$ 0.021, the CKM element $\vert V_\mathrm{cs}\vert$ = 0.967 $\pm$ 0.011, and the strong coupling constant at the W boson mass scale, $\alpha_\mathrm{S}(m^2_\mathrm{W})$ = 0.095 $\pm$ 0.033.
Summary of the impacts of each source of uncertainty (quoted as a percent of the total systematic uncertainty) for each W branching fraction. Whenever multiple NPs impact a common source of systematic uncertainty, each component is varied independently and the range of impacts is given.
Values of the W boson decay branching fractions based on CMS measurement.
Ratios of W boson leptonic branching fractions.
The production cross section of a top quark pair in association with a photon is measured in proton-proton collisions in the decay channel with two oppositely charged leptons (e$^\pm\mu^\mp$, e$^+$e$^-$, or $\mu^+\mu^-$). The measurement is performed using 138 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data recorded by the CMS experiment at $\sqrt{s}$ =13 TeV during the 2016-2018 data-taking period of the CERN LHC. A fiducial phase space is defined such that photons radiated by initial-state particles, top quarks, or any of their decay products are included. An inclusive cross section of 173.5 $\pm$ 2.5 (stat) $\pm$ 6.3 (syst) fb is measured in a signal region with at least one jet coming from the hadronization of a bottom quark and exactly one photon with transverse momentum above 20 GeV. Differential cross sections are measured as functions of several kinematic observables of the photon, leptons, and jets, and compared to standard model predictions. The measurements are also interpreted in the standard model effective field theory framework, and limits are found on the relevant Wilson coefficients from these results alone and in combination with a previous CMS measurement of the $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}\gamma$ production process using the lepton+jets final state.
Observed and predicted event yields as a function of $p_{T}(\gamma)$ in the $e\mu$ channel, after the fit to the data.
Observed and predicted event yields as a function of $p_{T}(\gamma)$ in the $ee$ channel, after the fit to the data.
Observed and predicted event yields as a function of $p_{T}(\gamma)$ in the $\mu\mu$ channel, after the fit to the data.
A search for heavy neutral leptons (HNLs), the right-handed Dirac or Majorana neutrinos, is performed in final states with three charged leptons (electrons or muons) using proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV at the CERN LHC. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. The HNLs could be produced through mixing with standard model neutrinos $\nu$. For small values of the HNL mass ($\lt$20 GeV) and the square of the HNL-$\nu$ mixing parameter ( 10$^{-7}$-10$^{-2}$), the decay length of these particles can be large enough so that the secondary vertex of the HNL decay can be resolved with the CMS silicon tracker. The selected final state consists of one lepton emerging from the primary proton-proton collision vertex, and two leptons forming a displaced, secondary vertex. No significant deviations from the standard model expectations are observed, and constraints are obtained on the HNL mass and coupling strength parameters, excluding previously unexplored regions of parameter space in the mass range 1-20 GeV and squared mixing parameter values as low as 10$^{-7}$.
Number of predicted and observed events in the $eeX$ final states. The quoted uncertainties include statistical and systematic uncertainties.
Number of predicted and observed events in the $\mu\mu X$ final states. The quoted uncertainties include statistical and systematic uncertainties.
Number of predicted signal events in the $eeX$ final states, for several benchmark signal hypotheses for Majorana HNL. The quoted uncertainties include statistical and systematic uncertainties.
Results are presented from a search for physics beyond the standard model in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV in channels with two Higgs bosons, each decaying via the process H $\to$$\mathrm{b\bar{b}}$, and large missing transverse momentum. The search uses a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. The search is motivated by models of supersymmetry that predict the production of neutralinos, the neutral partners of the electroweak gauge and Higgs bosons. The observed event yields in the signal regions are found to be consistent with the standard model background expectations. The results are interpreted using simplified models of supersymmetry. For the electroweak production of nearly mass-degenerate higgsinos, each of whose decay chains yields a neutralino ($\tilde{\chi}^0_1$) that in turn decays to a massless goldstino and a Higgs boson, $\tilde{\chi}^0_1$ masses in the range 175 to 1025 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level. For the strong production of gluino pairs decaying via a slightly lighter $\tilde{\chi}^0_2$ to H and a light $\tilde{\chi}^0_1$, gluino masses below 2330 GeV are excluded.
Predicted background and observed yields vs bin index
Cross section 95% CL upper limit vs m($\widetilde{\chi}^0_1$) for SMS model TChiHH-G.
Theory cross sections vs m($\widetilde{\chi}^0_1$) for SMS model TChiHH-G.
The B$_\mathrm{c}^+$ meson is observed for the first time in heavy ion collisions. Data from the CMS detector are used to measure the production of the B$_\mathrm{c}^+$ meson in lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV, via the B$_\mathrm{c}^+$$\to$ (J/$\psi$$\to$$\mu^+\mu^-$)$\mu^+\nu_\mu$ decay. The B$_\mathrm{c}^+$ nuclear modification factor, derived from the PbPb-to-pp ratio of production cross sections, is measured in two bins of the trimuon transverse momentum and of the PbPb collision centrality. The B$_\mathrm{c}^+$ meson is shown to be less suppressed than other quarkonia and most of the open heavy-flavor mesons, suggesting that effects of the hot and dense nuclear matter created in heavy ion collisions contribute to its production. This first observation of the B$_\mathrm{c}^+$ meson in heavy ion collisions sets forth a new promising probe of the interplay of suppression and enhancement mechanisms in the production of heavy-flavor mesons in the quark-gluon plasma.
The $B_c$ meson production (pp-equivalent) cross-section times branching fraction of the $B_c\rightarrow (J/\psi \rightarrow \mu\mu) \mu \nu_{\mu}$ decay in pp and PbPb collisions. The used kinematic variables correspond to those of the trimuon final state. The two $p_T$ bins correspond to different rapidity ranges. The total uncertainty is decomposed in an uncertainty from the fit and one representing all other sources. The markers of the $p_T^{\mu\mu\mu}$ bins are placed according to the Lafferty-Wyatt prescription.
The $B_c$ meson nuclear modification factor in PbPb collisions, in $p_T^{\mu\mu\mu}$ bins corresponding to different trimuon rapidity ranges. The total uncertainty is decomposed in a bin-to-bin-uncorrelated uncertainty and one fully correlated along the two bins. The markers of the $p_T^{\mu\mu\mu}$ bins are placed at the average of the Lafferty-Wyatt prescriptions applied to the pp and PbPb spectra.
The $B_c$ meson nuclear modification factor in PbPb collisions, in centrality bins, integrated over the studied kinematic range. The cut on the trimuon rapidity depends on the trimuon $p_T$. The total uncertainty is decomposed in a bin-to-bin-uncorrelated uncertainty and one fully correlated along the two bins. The centrality bin markers are placed at the minimum bias average number of participants $N_{part}$.
A search is reported for high-mass hadronic resonances that decay to a parton and a Lorentz-boosted resonance, which in turn decays into a pair of partons. The search is based on data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. The boosted resonance is reconstructed as a single wide jet with substructure consistent with a two-body decay. The high-mass resonance is thus considered as a dijet system. The jet substructure information and the kinematic properties of cascade resonance decays are exploited to disentangle the signal from the large quantum chromodynamics multijet background. The dijet mass spectrum is analyzed for the presence of new high-mass resonances, and is found to be consistent with the standard model background predictions. Results are interpreted in a warped extra dimension model where the high-mass resonance is a Kaluza-Klein gluon, the boosted resonance is a radion, and the final state partons are all gluons. Limits on the production cross section are set as a function of the Kaluza-Klein gluon and radion masses. These limits exclude at 95% confidence level models with Kaluza-Klein gluon masses in the range from 2.0 to 4.3 TeV and radion masses in the range from 0.20 to 0.74 TeV. By exploring a novel experimental signature, the observed limits on the Kaluza-Klein gluon mass are extended by up to about 1 TeV compared to previous searches.
Observed upper limits on the product of signal cross section and branching fraction, as a function of the mass ratio $m(\mathrm{R}_{2}) / m(\mathrm{R}_{1})$ vs. $m(\mathrm{R}_{1})$, for a resonance model with three gluons in the final state. The excluded regions from this search (black hatched) are optimized for the decay of a Kaluza--Klein gluon ($\mathrm{G}_{\mathrm{KK}}$) to a gluon ($\mathrm{g}$) and a radion ($\phi$), which in turns decays to two gluons, leading to a final state with three gluons ($\mathrm{ggg}$). The couplings of the model are set to the values $g_{\mathrm{grav}} = 6.0$ and $g_{\mathrm{GKK}} = 3.0$. These excluded regions are compared with those obtained from a reinterpretation of the inclusive CMS dijet resonance search (JHEP 05 (2020) 033), which is more sensitive to the decay channel of $\mathrm{G}_{\mathrm{KK}}$ to a quark-antiquark pair (red hatched). The vertical band between the $m(\mathrm{R}_{1})$ values of $\sim$3.0 and $\sim$3.1 TeV, for $m(\mathrm{R}_{2}) / m(\mathrm{R}_{1}) \lesssim 0.19$, is not excluded by the dijet search because of an upward statistical fluctuation in the observed limit. The white, dashed lines represent a sample of curves corresponding to fixed $m(\mathrm{R}_{2})$ values.
Expected 95% CL upper limits on signal cross section times branching fraction, as a function of the ratio $m(\mathrm{R}_{2})/m(\mathrm{R}_{1})$ vs. $m(\mathrm{R}_{1})$, for a trijet resonance model with 3 gluons in the final state. The limits are optimized for the decay of a Kaluza-Klein gluon ($\mathrm{G}_{\mathrm{KK}}$) to a radion ($\phi$) and a gluon ($\mathrm{g}$) where the radion itself decays to 2 gluons, leading to a final state with 3 gluons ($\mathrm{ggg}$).
Total signal efficiency for each signal hypotheses tested plotted against the ratio between the masses of the two resonances $m(\mathrm{R}_{2})/m(\mathrm{R}_{1})$ and the mass of the first resonance $m(\mathrm{R}_{1})$. The total signal efficiency is defined as the total number of signal events that pass the selection and falls inside the event categories defined in the analysis, divided by the number of generated signal events.
A search is presented for single production of a vector-like T quark with charge 2/3 $e$, in the decay channel featuring a top quark and a Z boson, with the top quark decaying hadronically and the Z boson decaying to neutrinos. The search uses data collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{-1}$ recorded at the CERN LHC in 2016-2018. The search is sensitive to a T quark mass between 0.6 and 1.8 TeV with decay widths ranging from negligibly small up to 30% of the T quark mass. Reconstruction strategies for the top quark are based on the degree of Lorentz boosting of its final state. At 95% confidence level, the upper limit on the product of the cross section and branching fraction for a T quark of small decay width varies between 15 and 602 fb, depending on its mass. For a T quark with decay widths between 10 and 30% of its mass, this upper limit ranges between 16 and 836 fb. For most of the studied range, the results provide the best limits to date. This is the first search for single T quark production based on the full Run 2 data set of the LHC.
Product of efficiency and acceptance of the event selection for T signal events as a function of the particle mass $m_\mathrm{T}$ and width $\Gamma$ for the different hypotheses considered.
Product of efficiency and acceptance of the event selection for T signal events as a function of the particle mass $m_\mathrm{T}$ and width $\Gamma$ for the different hypotheses considered.
Product of efficiency and acceptance of the event selection for T signal events as a function of the particle mass $m_\mathrm{T}$ and width $\Gamma$ for the different hypotheses considered.
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