The first measurements from proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented. Data were collected in December 2009 using a minimum-bias trigger during collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 900 GeV. The charged-particle multiplicity, its dependence on transverse momentum and pseudorapidity, and the relationship between mean transverse momentum and charged-particle multiplicity are measured for events with at least one charged particle in the kinematic range |eta|<2.5 and pT>500 MeV. The measurements are compared to Monte Carlo models of proton-proton collisions and to results from other experiments at the same centre-of-mass energy. The charged-particle multiplicity per event and unit of pseudorapidity at eta = 0 is measured to be 1.333 +/- 0.003 (stat.) +/- 0.040 (syst.), which is 5-15% higher than the Monte Carlo models predict.
Average value of charged particle multiplicity per event and unit of pseudorapidity in the pseudorapidity range from -0.2 to 0.2.
Charged particle multiplicity as a function of pseudorapidity.
Charged particle multiplicity as a function of transverse momentum.
Nuclear collisions recreate conditions in the universe microseconds after the Big Bang. Only a very small fraction of the emitted fragments are light nuclei, but these states are of fundamental interest. We report the observation of antihypertritons - composed of an antiproton, antineutron, and antilambda hyperon - produced by colliding gold nuclei at high energy. Our analysis yields 70 +- 17 antihypertritons and 157 +- 30 hypertritons. The measured yields of hypertriton (antihypertriton) and helium3 (antihelium3) are similar, suggesting an equilibrium in coordinate and momentum space populations of up, down, and strange quarks and antiquarks, unlike the pattern observed at lower collision energies. The production and properties of antinuclei, and nuclei containing strange quarks, have implications spanning nuclear/particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology.
(A, B) show the invariant mass distribution of the daughter 3He + π. The open circles represent the signal candidate distributions, while the solid black lines are background distributions. The blue dashed lines are signal (Gaussian) plus background (double exponential) combined fit.
(A, B) show the invariant mass distribution of the daughter 3He + π. The open circles represent the signal candidate distributions, while the solid black lines are background distributions. The blue dashed lines are signal (Gaussian) plus background (double exponential) combined fit. A (B) shows the 3ΛH (3Λ¯H) candidate distributions.
The 3ΛH (solid squares) and Λ (open circles) yield distributions versus cτ. The solid lines represent the cτ fits. The inset depicts the $\chi^2$ distribution of the best 3ΛH cτ fit. The error bars represent the statistical uncertaintiesonly.
We present a measurement of direct photon pair production cross sections using 4.2 fb-1 of data collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton Collider. We measure single differential cross sections as a function of the diphoton mass, the transverse momentum of the diphoton system, the azimuthal angle between the photons, and the polar scattering angle of the photons, as well as the double differential cross sections considering the last three kinematic variables in three diphoton mass bins. The results are compared with different perturbative QCD predictions and event generators.
Single differential cross section DSIG/DM.
Single differential cross section DSIG/DPT.
Single differential cross section DSIG/DPHI.
The inclusive dijet production double differential cross section as a function of the dijet invariant mass and of the largest absolute rapidity of the two jets with the largest transverse momentum in an event is measured in proton anti-proton collisions at sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV using 0.7 fb^{-1} integrated luminosity collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The measurement is performed in six rapidity regions up to a maximum rapidity of 2.4. Next-to-leading order perturbative QCD predictions are found to be in agreement with the data.
Dijet double differential cross section for the absolute rapidity region 0.0 to 0.4.
Dijet double differential cross section for the absolute rapidity region 0.4 to 0.8.
Dijet double differential cross section for the absolute rapidity region 0.8 to 1.2.
We present measurements of the charge balance function, from the charged particles, for diverse pseudorapidity and transverse momentum ranges in Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV using the STAR detector at RHIC. We observe that the balance function is boost-invariant within the pseudorapidity coverage [-1.3, 1.3]. The balance function properly scaled by the width of the observed pseudorapidity window does not depend on the position or size of the pseudorapidity window. This scaling property also holds for particles in different transverse momentum ranges. In addition, we find that the width of the balance function decreases monotonically with increasing transverse momentum for all centrality classes.
Balance functions in pseudorapidity windows -0.6 < eta < 0 for 0.15 < pT < 2 GEV/c.
Balance functions in pseudorapidity windows 0 < eta < 1 for 0.15 < pT < 2 GEV/c.
Balance functions in pseudorapidity windows -1 < eta < 0.6 for 0.15 < pT < 2 GEV/c.
The reaction gamma p -> p pi0 gamma' has been measured with the Crystal Ball / TAPS detectors using the energy-tagged photon beam at the electron accelerator facility MAMI-B. Energy and angular differential cross sections for the emitted photon gamma' and angular differential cross sections for the pi0 have been determined with high statistics in the energy range of the Delta+(1232) resonance. Cross sections and the ratio of the cross section to the non-radiative process gamma p -> p pi0 are compared to theoretical reaction models, having the anomalous magnetic moment kappa_Delta+ as free parameter. As the shape of the experimental distributions is not reproduced in detail by the model calculations, currently no extraction of kappa_Delta+ is feasible.
Total cross section for the background reaction GAMMA P --> P PI0.
Total cross section for the background reaction GAMMA P --> P PI0 PI0.
Angular distribution of the PI0 in the reaction GAMMA P --> P PI0 at beam energy 400 MeV. Inclusive measurement where only the PI0 decay photons are detected.
We present a measurement of the differential cross section for $t\bar{t}$ events produced in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV as a function of the transverse momentum ($p_T$) of the top quark. The selected events contain a high-$p_T$ lepton ($\ell$), four or more jets, and a large imbalance in $p_T$, and correspond to 1 fb${}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded with the D0 detector. Each event must have at least one candidate for a $b$ jet. Objects in the event are associated through a constrained kinematic fit to the $t\bar{t}\to WbW\bar{b} \to \ell\nu b q\bar{q}'\bar{b}$ process. Results from next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations agree with the measured differential cross section. Comparisons are also provided to predictions from Monte Carlo event generators using QCD calculations at different levels of precision.
Total cross section for TOP TOPBAR production integrating over PT.
The inclusive PT spectra for TOP TOPBAR production.
We report on a measurement of the Upsilon(1S+2S+3S) -> e+e- cross section at midrapidity in p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV. We find the cross section to be 114 +/- 38 (stat.) +23,-24 (syst.) pb. Perturbative QCD calculations at next-to-leading order in the Color Evaporation Model are in agreement with our measurement, while calculations in the Color Singlet Model underestimate it by 2 sigma. Our result is consistent with the trend seen in world data as a function of the center-of-mass energy of the collision and extends the availability of Upsilon data to RHIC energies. The dielectron continuum in the invariant mass range near the Upsilon is also studied to obtain a combined cross section of Drell-Yan plus (b b-bar) -> e+e-.
Unlike-sign pair invariant mass distribution with |y_ee| < 0.5.
Like-sign pair invariant mass distribution with |y_ee| < 0.5.
Background subtracted unlike-sign invariant mass distribution.
We present the results of an elliptic flow analysis of Cu+Cu collisions recorded with the STAR detector at 62.4 and 200GeV. Elliptic flow as a function of transverse momentum is reported for different collision centralities for charged hadrons and strangeness containing hadrons $K_{S}^{0}$, $\Lambda$, $\Xi$, $\phi$ in the midrapidity region $|eta|<1.0$. Significant reduction in systematic uncertainty of the measurement due to non-flow effects has been achieved by correlating particles at midrapidity, $|\eta|<1.0$, with those at forward rapidity, $2.5<|\eta|<4.0$. We also present azimuthal correlations in p+p collisions at 200 GeV to help estimating non-flow effects. To study the system-size dependence of elliptic flow, we present a detailed comparison with previously published results from Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV. We observe that $v_{2}$($p_{T}$) of strange hadrons has similar scaling properties as were first observed in Au+Au collisions, i.e.: (i) at low transverse momenta, $p_T<2GeV/c$, $v_{2}$ scales with transverse kinetic energy, $m_{T}-m$, and (ii) at intermediate $p_T$, $2<p_T<4GeV/c$, it scales with the number of constituent quarks, $n_q$. We have found that ideal hydrodynamic calculations fail to reproduce the centrality dependence of $v_{2}$($p_{T}$) for $K_{S}^{0}$ and $\Lambda$. Eccentricity scaled $v_2$ values, $v_{2}/\epsilon$, are larger in more central collisions, suggesting stronger collective flow develops in more central collisions. The comparison with Au+Au collisions which go further in density shows $v_{2}/\epsilon$ depend on the system size, number of participants $N_{part}$. This indicates that the ideal hydrodynamic limit is not reached in Cu+Cu collisions, presumably because the assumption of thermalization is not attained.
Charged hadron azimuthal correlations as a function of pT in 0-60% Cu+Cu and p+p collisions at 200 GeV using TPC and FTPC flow vectors.
Charged hadron azimuthal anisotropy v2 as a function of pT in 0-60% Cu+Cu collisions at 200 GeV using TPC flow vectors, and those with subtracting the azimuthal correlations in p+p collisions.
Charged hadron azimuthal anisotropy v2 as a function of pT in 0-60% Cu+Cu collisions at 200 GeV using FTPC flow vectors, and those with subtracting the azimuthal correlations in p+p collisions.
We present a measurement of pi^+pi^-pi^+pi^- photonuclear production in ultra-peripheral Au-Au collisions at sqrt(s_{NN}) = 200 GeV from the STAR experiment. The pi^+pi^-pi^+pi^- final states are observed at low transverse momentum and are accompanied by mutual nuclear excitation of the beam particles. The strong enhancement of the production cross section at low transverse momentum is consistent with coherent photoproduction. The pi^+pi^-pi^+pi^- invariant mass spectrum of the coherent events exhibits a broad peak around 1540 pm 40 MeV/c^2 with a width of 570 pm 60 MeV/c^2, in agreement with the photoproduction data for the rho^0(1700). We do not observe a corresponding peak in the pi^+pi^- final state and measure an upper limit for the ratio of the branching fractions of the rho^0(1700) to pi^+pi^- and pi^+pi^-pi^+pi^- of 2.5 % at 90 % confidence level. The ratio of rho^0(1700) and rho^0(770) coherent production cross sections is measured to be 13.4 pm 0.8 (stat.) pm 4.4 (syst.) %.
Distribution of the $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ transverse momentum $p_{T} = |\sum_{i=1}^{4}\overrightarrow{p}_{T,i}|$: The filled circles are the measured points with the statistical errors. The hatched filled histogram shows the expected distribution from simulation of coherent photoproduction (cf. section III). The strong enhancement at low transverse momenta is due to coherently produced $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$. This unique signature is used in the event selection which requires $p_{T}$ < 150 MeV/c (arrow). The remaining background is estimated from +2 or −2 charged four-prong combinations, by normalizing (factor = 1.186 $\pm$ 0.054) their $p_{T}$ distribution (gray filled histogram) to that of the neutral four-prongs in the region of $p_{T}$ > 250 MeV/c (vertical line) yielding the unfilled histogram (see section IV).
Invariant Mass distribution of two-pion subsystems: The filled circles show the measured $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ invariant mass spectrum for the selected four-prong sample (four entries per event) with statistical errors. The open circles represent the mass spectrum of the like-sign pion pairs (two entries per event). The unlike-sign mass distribution exhibits an enhancement with respect to the like-sign pairs in the $\rho^{0}$(770) region. The solid line histograms show the prediction from simulation assuming the relative S-wave decay $\rho`\rightarrow\rho^{0}$(770) $f_{0}$(600).
Invariant Mass distribution of two-pion subsystems: The open circles show the measured invariant mass spectrum of the lightest $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ pair in the event with the bars indicating the statistical errors. The filled circles represent the invariant mass distribution of the $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ that is recoiling against the lightest pair. The spectrum exhibits a clear peak in the $\rho^{0}$(770) region. The solid line histograms show the prediction from simulation assuming the relative S-wave decay $\rho`\rightarrow\rho^{0}$(770) $f_{0}$(600).
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