The first measurement of direct photons in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV is presented. The direct photon signal is extracted as a function of the Au+Au collision centrality and compared to NLO pQCD calculations. The direct photon yield is shown to scale with the number of nucleon-nucleon collisions for all centralities.
Double ratio of measured $(\gamma/\pi^0)_{Measured}$ invariant yield ratio to the background decay $(\gamma/\pi^0)_{Background}$ ratio as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias and for five centralities of Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. The bin range is not an uncertainty in the x-axis because the actual uncertainty by having the finite bin width is corrected for by the bin-shift correction. These bins were constructed using the corrected finite values as centers.
Double ratio of measured $(\gamma/\pi^0)_{Measured}$ invariant yield ratio to the background decay $(\gamma/\pi^0)_{Background}$ ratio as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias and for five centralities of Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. The bin range is not an uncertainty in the x-axis because the actual uncertainty by having the finite bin width is corrected for by the bin-shift correction. These bins were constructed using the corrected finite values as centers.
Direct $\gamma$ invariant yields as a function of transverse momentum for 9 centrality selections and minimum bias Au+AU collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. Data with no errors represents 90% confidence level upper limit. The bin range is not an uncertainty in the x-axis because the actual uncertainty by having the finite bin width is corrected for by the bin-shift correction. These bins were constructed using the corrected finite values as centers.
We present measurements of the inclusive production cross sections of the Upsilon(1S) bottomonium state in ppbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV. Using the Upsilon(1S) to mu+mu- decay mode for a data sample of 159 +- 10 pb^-1 collected by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider, we determine the differential cross sections as a function of the Upsilon(1S) transverse momentum for three ranges of the Upsilon(1S) rapidity: 0 < |y| < 0.6, 0.6 < |y| < 1.2, and 1.2 < |y| < 1.8.
Cross section per unit of rapidity times branching ratio to MU+ MU-. Systematic (DSYS) error does not include the 6.1 PCT uncertainty on the luminosity.
Normalized differential cross section for UPSI(1S) production.. Errors contain statistical and systematics (excluding luminosity error).
The e+e- -> e+e- hadrons reaction, where one of the two electrons is detected in a low polar-angle calorimeter, is analysed in order to measure the hadronic photon structure function F2gamma . The full high-energy and high-luminosity data set, collected with the L3 detector at centre-of-mass energies 189-209GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 608/pb is used. The Q^2 range 11-34GeV^2 and the x range 0.006-0.556 are considered. The data are compared with recent parton density functions.
Cross sections DELTA(SIG)/DELTA(X) in the Q**2 range 11 TO 14 GeV**2.
Cross sections DELTA(SIG)/DELTA(X) in the Q**2 range 14 TO 20 GeV**2.
Cross sections DELTA(SIG)/DELTA(X) in the Q**2 range 20 TO 34 GeV**2.
We present the first measurement of multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of photons in the pseudorapidity region 2.3 $\le$ $\eta$ $\le$ 3.7 for different centralities in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV. We find that the photon yield in this pseudorapidity range scales with the number of participating nucleons at all collision centralities studied. The pseudorapidity distribution of photons, dominated by neutral pion decays, has been compared to those of identified charged pions, photons, and inclusive charged particles from heavy ion and nucleon-nucleon collisions at various energies. The photon production in the measured pseudorapidity region has been shown to be consistent with the energy and centrality independent limiting fragmentation scenario.
${dN_{\gamma}}\over{d\eta}$ for various event centrality classes compared to HIJING and AMPT model calculations.
Variation of $N_{\gamma}$ per participant pair in PMD coverage $(2.3 \leq \eta \leq 3.7)$ as a function of $N_{part}$. The lower band reflects uncertainties in $N_{part}$ calculations.
(Color Online) Estimated ${dN_{\pi^{0}}}\over{dy}$ from ${dN_{\gamma}}\over{dy}$ normalized to $N_{part}$, as compared to ${dN_{\pi^{\pm}}}\over{dy}$ normalized to $N_{part}$, as a function of $y-y_{beam}$ for central collisions at various collision energies.
A measurement of direct photons in p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV is presented. A photon excess above background from pi^0 --> gamma+gamma, eta --> gamma+gamma, and other decays is observed in the transverse momentum range 5.5 < p_T < 7 GeV/c. The result is compared to a next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculation. Within errors, good agreement is found between the QCD calculation and the measured result.
<p>Measured cross section and NLO pQCD calculations for direct-photon production in p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$200 GeV. The normalization error of 9.6% is not shown. The two data points plotted with an arrow indicate the beginning of the low- and high-$p_\mathrm{T}$ ranges where the direct photon signal is consistent with zero. The upper edges of the arrows indicate an upper limit (90% confidence level) for the direct photon cross section calculated from the statistical and systematic uncertainty.</p>
The transverse momentum dependence of the azimuthal anisotropy parameter v_2, the second harmonic of the azimuthal distribution, for electrons at mid-rapidity (|eta| < 0.35) has been measured with the PHENIX detector in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. The measurement was made with respect to the reaction plane defined at high rapidities (|eta| = 3.1 -- 3.9). From the result we have measured the v_2 of electrons from heavy flavor decay after subtraction of the v_2 of electrons from other sources such as photon conversions and Dalitz decay from light neutral mesons. We observe a non-zero single electron v_2 with a 90% confidence level in the intermediate p_T region.
Transverse momentum dependence of inclusive electron $v_2$ and heavy quark electron $v_2$.
Charged hadrons in 0.15 < pt < 4 GeV/c associated with particles of pt^trig > 4 GeV/c are reconstructed in pp and Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV. The associated multiplicity and pt magnitude sum are found to increase from pp to central Au+Au collisions. The associated pt distributions, while similar in shape on the near side, are significantly softened on the away side in central Au+Au relative to pp and not much harder than that of inclusive hadrons. The results, consistent with jet quenching, suggest that the away-side fragments approach equilibration with the medium traversed.
Dphi correlation functions for 0.15 < pT < 4 GEV/c and 4 < p_T^trig < 6 GEV/c.
Dphi correlation functions for 0.15 < pT < 4 GEV/c and 4 < p_T^trig < 6 GEV/c.
Dphi correlation functions for 2 < pT < 4 GEV/c and 4 < p_T^trig < 6 GEV/c.
We have measured pi+pi- and K+K- production in two-photon collisions using 87.7 /fb of data collected with the Belle detector at the asymmetric energy e+e- collider KEKB. The cross sections are measured to high precision in the two-photon center-of-mass energy (W) range between 2.4 GeV < W < 4.1 GeV and angular region |cos theta^{*}| < 0.6. The cross section ratio sigma(gammagamma->K+K-)/sigma(gammagamma->pi+pi-) is measured to be 0.89 +- 0.04(stat) +- 0.15(syst) in the range of 3.0 GeV < W < 4.1 GeV, where the ratio is energy independent. We observe a sin^{-4} theta^{*} behavior of the cross section in the same W range. Production of chi_{c0} and chi_{c2} mesons is observed in both gammagamma -> pi+pi- and gammagamma -> K+K- modes.
Cross sections for PI+ PI- and K+ K- production.
Ratio of K+ K- to PI+ PI- production in the region of W from 3.0 to 4.1 GeV, where the ratio is energy independent.
Angular dependence of the normalized differential cross section, $\sigma_0^{-1}{\rm d}\sigma/{\rm d}|\cos\theta^*|$, for the $\pi^+\pi^-$ process. The errors are statistical only.
We present a measurement of the cross section for $Z$ production times the branching fraction to $\tau$ leptons, $\sigma \cdot$Br$(Z\to \tau^+ \tau^-)$, in $p \bar p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$1.96 TeV in the channel in which one $\tau$ decays into $\mu \nu_{\mu} \nu_{\tau}$, and the other into $\rm {hadrons} + \nu_{\tau}$ or $e \nu_e \nu_{\tau}$. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 226 pb$^{-1}$ collected with the D{\O}detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. The final sample contains 2008 candidate events with an estimated background of 55%. From this we obtain $\sigma \cdot$Br$(Z \to \tau^+ \tau^-)=237 \pm 15$(stat)$\pm 18$(sys)$ \pm 15$(lum) pb, in agreement with the standard model prediction.
Measured cross section times branching ratio.
The short-lived $K(892)^{*}$ resonance provides an efficient tool to probe properties of the hot and dense medium produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We report measurements of $K^{*}$ in $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV Au+Au and $p+p$ collisions reconstructed via its hadronic decay channels $K(892)^{*0} \to K\pi$ and $K(892)^{*\pm} \to K_S^0\pi^{\pm}$ using the STAR detector at RHIC. The $K^{*0}$ mass has been studied as a function of $p_T$ in minimum bias $p+p$ and central Au+Au collisions. The $K^{*}$ $p_T$ spectra for minimum bias $p+p$ interactions and for Au+Au collisions in different centralities are presented. The $K^{*}/K$ yield ratios for all centralities in Au+Au collisions are found to be significantly lower than the ratio in minimum bias $p+p$ collisions, indicating the importance of hadronic interactions between chemical and kinetic freeze-outs. A significant non-zero $K^{*0}$ elliptic flow ($v_2$) is observed in Au+Au collisions and compared to the $K_S^0$ and $\Lambda$ $v_2$. The nuclear modification factor of $K^{*}$ at intermediate $p_{T}$ is similar to that of $K_{S}^{0}$, but different from $\Lambda$. This establishes a baryon-meson effect over a mass effect in the particle production at intermediate $p_T$ ($2 < p_T \leq 4$ GeV/$c$).
$K_S^0$ signal observed in the $\pi^+\pi^−$ invariant mass distribution reconstructed from the decay topology method via $K_S^0->\pi^+\pi^−$ in $p+p$ collisions. The dashed curve depicts the Gaussian fit function plus a linear function representing the background.
The $K\pi$ invariant mass distributions after event-mixing background subtraction (open star symbols) and like-sign background subtraction with different daughter momentum cuts (0.2 < Kaon and Pion p < 10 GeV/$c$ for filled square symbols, 0.2 < Kaon $p$ < 0.7 GeV/$c$ and 0.2 < Pion $p$ < 10 GeV/$c$ for open triangle symbols) demonstrating the sources of the residual background in minimum bias Au+Au collisions. The open triangle symbols have been scaled up by a factor of 3 in order to increase the visibility. The arrow depicts the standard $K^{*0}$ mass of 896.1 MeV/$c^2$.
The $K\pi$ invariant mass distribution integrated over the $K^*$ $p_T$ for central Au+Au (upper panel) and minimum bias $p + p$ (lower panel) interactions after the mixed-event background subtraction. The solid curves are the fits to Eq. 5 with $T_{fo}$ = 120 MeV and $p_T$ = 1.8 GeV/$c$ for central Au+Au and $T_{fo}$ = 160 MeV and $p_T$ = 0.8 GeV/$c$ for p+p, respectively. The dashed lines are the linear function representing the residual background.
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