The $M_{e_T}$ distributions for four different centrality classes. The curves are the random baseline mixed event distributions. The source of differences in the data and mixed event distributions are addressed in the text.

The residual distribution between the data and mixed event $M_{e_T}$ spectra as a function of $M_{e_T}$ in units of standard deviation. The total ${\chi}^2$ and the number of degrees of freedom for the $0-5\%$, $0-10\%$, $10-20\%$, $20-30\%$ centrality classes are 310.0/32, 896.4/36, 678.7/47, and 553.9/53, respectively. A large fraction of the residual contributions are due to the effects of cluster merging.

Nucelar modification factor $R_{CP}$ for ($p+\bar{p}$)/2.

Nucelar modification factor $R_{CP}$ for $\pi^0$.

Charged hadron to $\pi^0$ ratio in central (0-10%) Au+Au collisions.

Charged hadron to $\pi^0$ ratio in peripheral (60-92%) Au+Au collisions. The peripheral data points are offset by +130 MeV/$c$ for clarity.

Systematic error on normalization a) common to both centralities b) that can move the $h$/$\pi^0$ ratios for each centrality independent of the other.

Ratio of the electron data to the calculated background as a function of $p_T$ in minimum bias collisions (upper panel) and relative contributions to the background from various sources (lower panel). The curves for $\omega$ and $\phi$ show the sum of the Dalitz and the di-electron decay modes.

The background-subtracted electron spectra for central (0-10%) collisions compared with the expected contributions from open charm decays. Also shown, for central collisions only, are the expected contribution from bottom decays (dashed) and the conversion electron spectrum from a direct phonon prediction (dotted).

The background-subtracted electron spectra for minimum bias (0-92%) collisions compared with the expected contributions from open charm decays. Also shown, for central collisions only, are the expected contribution from bottom decays (dashed) and the conversion electron spectrum from a direct phonon prediction (dotted).

Single electron cross sections $\frac{d\sigma_e}{dy}|_{y=0}$ of this measurement and ISR experiments [9,11,31] are displayed (bottom of figure, right-hand scale) with charm decay contributions calculated with PYTHIA. Open and filled symbols for 1.0 < $p_T$ < 1.4 GeV/$c$ and $p_T$ > 1.4 GeV/$c$, respectively. The derived charm cross section of this measurement is compared with charm cross sections from SPS/FNAL experiments (top of figure, left-hand scale). The thick curve and the shaded band represent the charm cross section in the PYTHIA model and in a NLO pQCD calculation [30], respectively.

Single electron cross sections $\frac{d\sigma_e}{dy}|_{y=0}$ of this measurement and ISR experiments [9,11,31] are displayed (bottom of figure, right-hand scale) with charm decay contributions calculated with PYTHIA. Open and filled symbols for 1.0 < $p_T$ < 1.4 GeV/$c$ and $p_T$ > 1.4 GeV/$c$, respectively. The derived charm cross section of this measurement is compared with charm cross sections from SPS/FNAL experiments (top of figure, left-hand scale). The thick curve and the shaded band represent the charm cross section in the PYTHIA model and in a NLO pQCD calculation [30], respectively.

$p_T$ spectra of charged hadrons for minimum bias collisions along with spectra for 9 centrality classes derived from the pseudo-rapidity region $|\eta|$ < 0.18. Stat. stands for statistical error, syst. stands for the systematic errors and occ. stands for occupancy error.

$p_T$ spectra of charged hadrons for minimum bias collisions along with spectra for 9 centrality classes derived from the pseudo-rapidity region $|\eta|$ < 0.18. Stat. stands for statistical error, syst. stands for the systematic errors and occ. stands for occupancy error.

Centrality dependence of $<p^{trunc}_T>$. Data points for truncated mean $p_T$ calculation for three $p_T$ ranges. The integral region is from 8 GeV/$c$ > $p_T$ > $p_{T_{min}}$ for the most peripheral bin. Since the data stop around 6.5 GeV/$c$, truncated mean $p_T$ is lower.

Ratio of charged hadron yields per nucleon-nucleon collision between central (0-10%) and peripheral (60-92%) Au + Au collisions. Stat. stands for statistical error, syst. stands for the systematic errors and occ. stands for occupancy error.

$R_{AA}$ for $(h^++h^-)/2$ and $\pi^0$ as function of $p_{T}$ for minimum bias and 9 centrality classes. Stat. stands for statistical error from Au+Au. The asymmetric uncertainty from the fit of the $\pi^0$ mass peak is denoted by fit. $\sigma_{ENBC}$ stands for error on number of binary collisions. Error from $pp$ parametrization that is not $p_T$ dependent. This error is not included in the calculation of the Upper bound of the systematic error and the Lower bound of the systematic error.

$R_{AA}$ for $(h^++h^-)/2$ and $\pi^0$ as function of $p_{T}$ for minimum bias and 9 centrality classes. Stat. stands for statistical error from Au+Au. The asymmetric uncertainty from the fit of the $\pi^0$ mass peak is denoted by fit. $\sigma_{ENBC}$ stands for error on number of binary collisions. Error from $pp$ parametrization that is not $p_T$ dependent. This error is not included in the calculation of the Upper bound of the systematic error and the Lower bound of the systematic error.

$R_{AA}$ for $(h^++h^-)/2$ and $\pi^0$ as function of $p_{T}$ for minimum bias and 9 centrality classes. Stat. stands for statistical error from Au+Au. The asymmetric uncertainty from the fit of the $\pi^0$ mass peak is denoted by fit. $\sigma_{ENBC}$ stands for error on number of binary collisions. Error from $pp$ parametrization that is not $p_T$ dependent. This error is not included in the calculation of the Upper bound of the systematic error and the Lower bound of the systematic error.

Charged hadron to $\pi^0$ ratios for minimum bias events and 9 centrality classes.

Charged hadron to $\pi^0$ ratios for minimum bias events and 9 centrality classes.

Charged hadron to $\pi^0$ ratios for minimum bias events and 9 centrality classes.

Charged hadron to $\pi^0$ ratios for minimum bias events and 9 centrality classes.

Charged hadron to $\pi^0$ ratios for minimum bias events and 9 centrality classes.

Charged hadron to $\pi^0$ ratios for minimum bias events and 9 centrality classes.

Au + Au yield integrated for $p_T$ > 4.5 (GeV/$c$) over the $N$ + $N$ yield, normalized using either $N_{coll}$ or $N_{part}$, plot as a function of $<N_{part}>$. Statistical and systematic error from Au+Au and $N$+$N$ reference includes: a) $NN$ reference error with 10.4% normalization error subtracted, this error is 11.2%, b) systematic error on Au+Au is 8.5% (correction), and c) 5% occupancy correction (it is centrality dependent). Error on $N_{coll}$+10.4% error on $N$+$N$ reference.

Au + Au yield integrated for $p_T$ > 4.5 (GeV/$c$) over the $N$ + $N$ yield, normalized using either $N_{coll}$ or $N_{part}$, plot as a function of $<N_{part}>$. Statistical and systematic error from Au+Au and $N$+$N$ reference includes: a) $NN$ reference error with 10.4% normalization error subtracted, this error is 11.2%, b) systematic error on Au+Au is 8.5% (correction), and c) 5% occupancy correction (it is centrality dependent). Error on $N_{coll}$+10.4% error on $N$+$N$ reference.

Invariant yields from the $p$+$p$ reference data. The normalization uncertainty is labeled norm, the uncertainty from the fit is labeled fit, and the uncertainty $\pi^0$ is from the $\pi^0$ ratio.

$\gamma p \rightarrow J/\psi p$ differential cross sections 10.36–11.44 GeV beam energy range, average $t$ and beam energy in bins of $t$. The first cross section uncertainties are statistical, and the second are systematic. The overall average beam energy is 10.82 GeV. There is an additional fully correlated systematic uncertainty of 19.5% on the total cross section, not included here.

Parameter $\alpha$ from the fit to the data.

Results of the measurements by PHENIX at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

Results of the measurements by PHENIX at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 130 GeV.

Results of the measurements by PHENIX at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV.

Ratios of measured quantities at 200 GeV/130 GeV and 200 GeV/19.6 GeV. The number of $N_P$ is the average between two energies.

Ratios of measured quantities at 200 GeV/130 GeV and 200 GeV/19.6 GeV. The number of $N_P$ is the average between two energies.

200, 130, and 19.6 GeV are RHIC average values, and 17.2, 8.7, and 4.8 GeV are SPS average values of $dN_{ch}$/$d\eta$/($0.5N_p$) at different $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$. An additional 5% error (recalc.) is added for collision energies 4.8 - 17.6 GeV for the uncertainty related to recalculation to the Center of Mass system.

200, 130, and 19.6 GeV are RHIC average values, and 17.2, 8.7, and 4.8 GeV are SPS average values of $dN_{ch}$/$d\eta$/($0.5N_p$) at different $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$. An additional 5% error (recalc.) is added for collision energies 4.8 - 17.6 GeV for the uncertainty related to recalculation to the Center of Mass system.

200, 130, and 19.6 GeV are RHIC average values, and 17.2, 8.7, and 4.8 GeV are SPS average values of $dN_{ch}$/$d\eta$/($0.5N_p$) at different $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$. An additional 5% error (recalc.) is added for collision energies 4.8 - 17.6 GeV for the uncertainty related to recalculation to the Center of Mass system.

200, 130, and 19.6 GeV are RHIC average values, and 17.2, 8.7, and 4.8 GeV are SPS average values of $dN_{ch}$/$d\eta$/($0.5N_p$) at different $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$. An additional 5% error (recalc.) is added for collision energies 4.8 - 17.6 GeV for the uncertainty related to recalculation to the Center of Mass system.

$dN/dy$ and $T$ for different centrality bins.

Blast wave model parameters as a function of centrality from fitting $\pi^±$, $K^±$, $p$, and $\bar{p}$ spectra.

$m_T$ spectra of $\phi$ mesons in different centrality bins.

Centrality dependence of the $\phi$ mass centroid and $\phi$ intrinsic width.

Minimum-bias $m_T$ spectra of $\phi$ for different subsystem combinations.

Minimum-bias $m_T$ spectra of $\phi$ for different subsystem combinations.

Minimum-bias $m_T$ spectra of $\phi$ for different subsystem combinations.

Minimum-bias $m_T$ spectra of $\phi$ for different subsystem combinations.

$\phi$ $m_T$ spectra in different centrality bins.

Centrality dependence of $\phi$ yield at midrapidity.

Centrality dependence of $\phi$ yield at midrapidity.

Centrality dependence of the inverse slope, $T$.

Centrality dependence of particle ratios for $K^+$/$\pi^+$ and $K^-$/$\pi^-$.

Centrality dependence of particle ratios for $\phi$/$\pi$ and $\phi$/$K$.

Centrality dependence of $\phi$ yields at different collision energies.

Centrality dependence of $\phi$ yields at different collision energies.

$\phi$/$\pi$ and $\phi$/$K^-$ ratios as a function of collision energies.

Inverse slope parameteres $T$ in $m_T$ spectra.

$N_{coll}$ scaled central to peripheral ratio $R_{CP}$ for $\phi$. The total systematic error is 19%, but 7% is uncorrelated between the $\phi$ and $p$ $R_{CP}$.

$v_2$ vs Fixed $p_T$ for several centrality selections. [F] and [A] follow the notation Fig. 2. Systematic errors are estimated to be $\sim 5$%.

$v_2$ vs Assorted $p_T$ for several centrality selections. [F] and [A] follow the notation Fig. 2. Systematic errors are estimated to be $\sim 5$%.

$v_2$ vs Assorted $p_T$ for several centrality selections. [F] and [A] follow the notation Fig. 2. Systematic errors are estimated to be $\sim 5$%.

The centrality dependence of $A_2$ for two different $p_T$ selections. [F] and [A] follow the notation in Fig. 2. Systematic errors are estimated to be $\sim 10$%, dominated by the normalization of the correction function and the model determination of$ \varepsilon$.

The centrality dependence of $A_2$ for two different $p_T$ selections. [F] and [A] follow the notation in Fig. 2. Systematic errors are estimated to be $\sim 10$%, dominated by the normalization of the correction function and the model determination of$ \varepsilon$.

$\Delta\phi$ distributions for meson triggers with 2.5 < $p_T$ < 4.0 GeV/$c$ and associated charged hadrons with 1.7 < $p_T$ < 2.5 GeV/$c$ for 60-70% centrality in Au+Au collisions.

$\Delta\phi$ distributions for baryon triggers with 2.5 < $p_T$ < 4.0 GeV/$c$ and associated charged hadrons with 1.7 < $p_T$ < 2.5 GeV/$c$ for 60-70% centrality in Au+Au collisions.

Combinatorial Background Levels from Figure 1 Top Panels.

Combinatorial Background Levels from Figure 1 Bottom Panels.

Trigger Particle $v_2$ values.

Partner Particle $v_2$ values.

Yield per trigger for associated charged hadrons between 1.7 < $p_T$ < 2.5 GeV/$c$ for the near- (top) and away- (bottom) side jets.

Yield per trigger for associated charged hadrons between 1.7 < $p_T$ < 2.5 GeV/$c$ for the near- (top) and away- (bottom) side jets.

Uncertainties in Figure 2 as a function of $N_{part}$ and trigger type for AuAu and $d$+Au.

Uncertainties in Figure 2 as a function of $N_{part}$ and trigger type for AuAu and $d$+Au.

$p_T$ spectra of the near side associated charged hadrons corrected to the full jet yield for meson triggers at 2.5 < $p_T$ < 4.0 GeV/$c$ and $|\eta|$ < 0.35 for six centralities in Au+Au and $d$+Au collisions.

$p_T$ spectra of the near side associated charged hadrons corrected to the full jet yield for meson triggers at 2.5 < $p_T$ < 4.0 GeV/$c$ and $|\eta|$ < 0.35 for six centralities in Au+Au and $d$+Au collisions.

$p_T$ spectra of the near side associated charged hadrons corrected to the full jet yield for baryon triggers at 2.5 < $p_T$ < 4.0 GeV/$c$ and $|\eta|$ < 0.35 for six centralities in Au+Au, $d$+Au and $p$+$p$ collisions.

Inverse slopes from the fits in Figure 3.

Inverse slopes from the fits in Figure 3.

Inverse slopes from the fits in Figure 3.

Transverse momentum dependepnce of $v_2$ for identified particle $\pi^-$.

Transverse momentum dependepnce of $v_2$ for identified particle $K^-$.

Transverse momentum dependepnce of $v_2$ for identified particle $\bar{p}$.

Transverse momentum dependepnce of $v_2$ for identified particle $\pi^+$.

Transverse momentum dependepnce of $v_2$ for identified particle $K$.

Transverse momentum dependepnce of $v_2$ for identified particle $p$.

Transverse momentum dependepnce of $v_2$ for combined particles $\pi^+$ and $\pi^-$.

Transverse momentum dependepnce of $v_2$ for combined particles $K^+$ and $K^-$.

Transverse momentum dependepnce of $v_2$ for combined particles $p$ and $\bar{p}$.

Transverse momentum dependepnce of $v_2$ for combined particles $\pi^+$ and $\pi^-$ scaled by quarks for each particle as motivated by a quark coalescence model.

Transverse momentum dependepnce of $v_2$ for combined particles $K^+$ and $K^-$ scaled by quarks for each particle as motivated by a quark coalescence model.

Transverse momentum dependepnce of $v_2$ for combined particles $p$ and $\bar{p}$ scaled by quarks for each particle as motivated by a quark coalescence model.

Transverse momentum dependence of $v_2$ for negative charged particle distributions at 0-20% centrality.

Transverse momentum dependence of $v_2$ for combined $\pi^-$ and $K^-$ at 0-20% centrality.

Transverse momentum dependence of $v_2$ for $\bar{p}$ at 0-20% centrality.

Transverse momentum dependence of $v_2$ for positive charged particle distributions at 0-20% centrality.

Transverse momentum dependence of $v_2$ for combined $\pi^+$ and $K^+$ at 0-20% centrality.

Transverse momentum dependence of $v_2$ for $p$ at 0-20% centrality.

Transverse momentum dependence of $v_2$ for negative charged particle distributions at 20-40% centrality.

Transverse momentum dependence of $v_2$ for combined $\pi^-$ and $K^-$ at 20-40% centrality.

Transverse momentum dependence of $v_2$ for $\bar{p}$ at 20-40% centrality.

Transverse momentum dependence of $v_2$ for positive charged particle distributions at 20-40% centrality.

Transverse momentum dependence of $v_2$ for combined $\pi^+$ and $K^+$ at 20-40% centrality.

Transverse momentum dependence of $v_2$ for $p$ at 20-40% centrality.

Transverse momentum dependence of $v_2$ for negative charged particle distributions at 40-60% centrality.

Transverse momentum dependence of $v_2$ for combined $\pi^-$ and $K^-$ at 40-60% centrality.

Transverse momentum dependence of $v_2$ for $\bar{p}$ at 40-60% centrality.

Transverse momentum dependence of $v_2$ for positive charged particle distributions at 40-60% centrality.

Transverse momentum dependence of $v_2$ for combined $\pi^+$ and $K^+$ at 40-60% centrality.

Transverse momentum dependence of $v_2$ for $p$ at 40-60% centrality.