The distribution of the azimuthal angle for the charged hadrons has been studied in the hadronic centre-of-mass system for neutral current deep inelastic positron-proton scattering with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Measurements of the dependence of the moments of this distribution on the transverse momenta of the charged hadrons are presented. Asymmetries that can be unambiguously attributed to perturbative QCD processes have been observed for the first time.
Differential azimuthal angular distributions for different PT cuts.
Mean values of cos(phi) and cos(2pi) as a function of the PT cut.
Characteristics of the hadronic final state of diffractive deep inelastic scattering events, ep -> eXp, were studied in the kinematic range 4 < M_X < 35 GeV, 4 < Q^2 < 150 GeV^2, 70 < W < 250 GeV and 0.0003 < x_pom < 0.03 with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 13.8 pb^{-1}. The events were tagged by identifying the diffractively scattered proton using the leading proton spectrometer. The properties of the hadronic final state, X, were studied in its center-of-mass frame using thrust, thrust angle, sphericity, energy flow, transverse energy flow and ``seagull'' distributions. As the invariant mass of the system increases, the final state becomes more collimated, more aligned and more asymmetric in the average transverse momentum with respect to the direction of the virtual photon. Comparisons of the properties of the hadronic final state with predictions from various Monte Carlo model generators suggest that the final state is dominated by qqg states at the parton level.
Thrust distribution for a DIS hadronic final state mass between 11 and 17.8GeV.
Thrust distribution for a DIS hadronic final state mass between 17.8 and 27.7 GeV.
Sphericity distribution for a DIS hadronic final state mass between 11 and 17.8 GeV.
The cross sections for inelastic photoproduction of J/psi and psi' mesons have been measured in ep collisions with the ZEUS detector at HERA, using an integrated luminosity of 38.0 pb-1. The events were required to have 0.1 < z < 0.9 and 50 < W < 180 GeV, where z is the fraction of the incident photon energy carried by the J/psi in the proton rest frame and W is the photon-proton centre-of-mass energy. The psi' to J/psi cross-section ratio was measured in the range 0.55 < z < 0.9. The J/psi data, for various ranges of transverse momentum, are compared to theoretical models incorporating colour-singlet and colour-octet matrix elements. Predictions of a next-to-leading-order colour-singlet model give a good description of the data, although there is a large normalisation uncertainty. The J/psi helicity distribution for z > 0.4 is compared to leading-order QCD predictions.
Measurment of the total cross section, with various PT thresholds, in the high Z > 0.9 region.
Ratio of cross section for PSI(2S) to J/PSI production. as a function of PT. Statistical errors only.
Ratio of cross section for PSI(2S) to J/PSI production. as a function of W. Statistical errors only.
Mean values and differential distributions of event-shape variables have been studied in neutral current deep inelastic scattering using an integrated {luminosity} of 82.2 pb$^{-1}$ collected with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The kinematic range was $80 < Q^2 < 20 480\gev^2$ and $0.0024 < x < 0.6$, where $Q^2$ is the virtuality of the exchanged boson and $x$ is the Bjorken variable. The data are compared with a model based on a combination of next-to-leading-order QCD calculations with next-to-leading-logarithm corrections and the Dokshitzer-Webber non-perturbative power corrections. The power-correction method provides a reasonable description of the data for all event-shape variables studied. Nevertheless, the lack of consistency of the determination of $\alpha_s$ and of the non-perturbative parameter of the model, $\albar$, suggests the importance of higher-order processes that are not yet included in the model.
Mean value of the event shape variable 1-THRUST(C=T).
Mean value of the event shape variable B(C=T).
Mean value of the event shape variable RHO**2.
The charged multiplicity distributions and the mean charged multiplicity have been investigated in inclusive neutral current deep inelastic $ep$ scattering with the ZEUS detector at HERA, using an integrated luminosity of 38.6 pb$^{-1}$. The measurements were performed in the current region of the Breit frame, as well as in the current fragmentation region of the hadronic centre-of-mass frame. The KNO-scaling properties of the data were investigated and the energy dependence was studied using different energy scales. The data are compared to results obtained in $\epem$ collisions and to previous DIS measurements as well as to leading-logarithm parton-shower Monte Carlo predictions.
Multiplicity distributions measured in the current region of the Breit frame for the bin of 2*E(Breit,current region) = 1.5 to 4.
Multiplicity distributions measured in the current region of the Breit frame for the bin of 2*E(Breit,current region) = 4 to 8.
Multiplicity distributions measured in the current region of the Breit frame for the bin of 2*E(Breit,current region) = 8 to 12.
The scaled momentum distributions of charged particles in jets have been measured for dijet photoproduction with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 359 pb-1. The distributions are compared to predictions based on perturbative QCD carried out in the framework of the modified leading-logarithmic approximation (MLLA) and assuming local parton-hadron duality (LPHD). The universal MLLA scale, Lambda_eff, and the LPHD parameter, kappa^ch, are extracted.
Distribution of multiplicity of charged particles in a jet as a function of LN(1/X) for mean jet energy 19 GeV and jet cone opening angle 0.23.
Distribution of multiplicity of charged particles in a jet as a function of LN(1/X) for mean jet energy 23 GeV and jet cone opening angle 0.23.
Distribution of multiplicity of charged particles in a jet as a function of LN(1/X) for mean jet energy 28 GeV and jet cone opening angle 0.23.
A measurement of the underlying activity in scattering processes with transverse momentum scale in the GeV region is performed in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 0.9 TeV, using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Charged hadron production is studied with reference to the direction of a leading object, either a charged particle or a set of charged particles forming a jet. Predictions of several QCD-inspired models as implemented in PYTHIA are compared, after full detector simulation, to the data. The models generally predict too little production of charged hadrons with pseudorapidity eta < 2, p_T > 0.5 GeV/c, and azimuthal direction transverse to that of the leading object.
Average multiplicity of charged particles per unit of pseudorapidity as a function of pseudorapidity for events with leading track-jet transverse momenta > 1 and > 3 GeV. Statistical errors only.
Average scalar sum of the transverse momenta of charged particles per unit of pseusdorapidity and per radian as a function of DELTA(PHI) for events with leading track-jet transverse momenta > 1 and > 2 GeV. Statistical errors only. Typical systematic error of 1.8 PCT at a leading track-jet PT of 3.5 GeV.
The average multiplicity and average scalar sum of transverse momenta of charge particles per unit of pseudorapidity and per radian as a function of the leading track transverse momenta. Statistical errors only. Typical systematic error of 1.8 PCT at a leading track-jet PT of 3.5 GeV.
Charged particle production has been studied in neutral current deep inelastic ep scattering with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 0.44 fb^-1. Distributions of scaled momenta in the Breit frame are presented for particles in the current fragmentation region. The evolution of these spectra with the photon virtuality, Q^2, is described in the kinematic region 10<Q^2<41000 GeV^2. Next-to-leading-order and modified leading-log-approximation QCD calculations as well as predictions from Monte Carlo models are compared to the data. The results are also compared to e+e- annihilation data. The dependences of the pseudorapidity distribution of the particles on Q^2 and on the energy in the \gamma p system, W, are presented and interpreted in the context of the hypothesis of limiting fragmentation.
Bin averaged scaled momentum spectra in the Q**2 ranges 160 to 320 and 320 to 640 GeV**2.
Bin averaged scaled momentum spectra in the Q**2 ranges 640 to 1280 and 1280 to 2560 GeV**2.
Bin averaged scaled momentum spectra in the Q**2 ranges 2560 to 5120 and 51200 to 10240 GeV**2.
Measurements of inclusive charged-hadron transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions are presented for proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 0.9 and 2.36 TeV. The data were collected with the CMS detector during the LHC commissioning in December 2009. For non-single-diffractive interactions, the average charged-hadron transverse momentum is measured to be 0.46 +/- 0.01 (stat.) +/- 0.01 (syst.) GeV/c at 0.9 TeV and 0.50 +/- 0.01 (stat.) +/- 0.01 (syst.) GeV/c at 2.36 TeV, for pseudorapidities between -2.4 and +2.4. At these energies, the measured pseudorapidity densities in the central region, dN(charged)/d(eta) for |eta| < 0.5, are 3.48 +/- 0.02 (stat.) +/- 0.13 (syst.) and 4.47 +/- 0.04 (stat.) +/- 0.16 (syst.), respectively. The results at 0.9 TeV are in agreement with previous measurements and confirm the expectation of near equal hadron production in p-pbar and pp collisions. The results at 2.36 TeV represent the highest-energy measurements at a particle collider to date.
Measured differential yield of charged hadrons as a function of transverse momentum for pseudorapidities 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 for centre-of-mass energy 900 GeV.
Measured differential yield of charged hadrons as a function of transverse momentum for pseudorapidities 0.9, 1.1, 1.3 and 1.5 for centre-of-mass energy 900 GeV.
Measured differential yield of charged hadrons as a function of transverse momentum for pseudorapidities 1.7, 1.9, 2.1 and 2.3 for centre-of-mass energy 900 GeV.
The first measurements from proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented. Data were collected in December 2009 using a minimum-bias trigger during collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 900 GeV. The charged-particle multiplicity, its dependence on transverse momentum and pseudorapidity, and the relationship between mean transverse momentum and charged-particle multiplicity are measured for events with at least one charged particle in the kinematic range |eta|<2.5 and pT>500 MeV. The measurements are compared to Monte Carlo models of proton-proton collisions and to results from other experiments at the same centre-of-mass energy. The charged-particle multiplicity per event and unit of pseudorapidity at eta = 0 is measured to be 1.333 +/- 0.003 (stat.) +/- 0.040 (syst.), which is 5-15% higher than the Monte Carlo models predict.
Average value of charged particle multiplicity per event and unit of pseudorapidity in the pseudorapidity range from -0.2 to 0.2.
Charged particle multiplicity as a function of pseudorapidity.
Charged particle multiplicity as a function of transverse momentum.
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