This paper reports experimental findings on the Dirac (F1) and Pauli (F2) form factors of the proton. The form factors have been obtained by using the Rosenbluth formula and the method of intersecting ellipses in analyzing the elastic electron-proton scattering cross sections. A range of energies covering the interval 200-1000 Mev for the incident electrons is explored. Scattering angles vary from 35° to 145°. Values as high as q2≅31 f−2 (q=energy−momentumtransfer) are investigated, but form factors can be reliably determined only up to about q2=25 f−2. Splitting of the form factors is confirmed. The newly measured data are in good agreement with earlier Stanford data on the form factors and also with the predictions of a recent theoretical model of the proton. Consistency in determining the values of the form factors at different energies and angles gives support to the techniques of quantum electrodynamics up to q2≅25 f−2. At the extreme conditions of this experiment (975 Mev, 145°) the behavior of the form factors may be exhibiting some anomaly.

Total and differenial cross sections of the reaction γ +n→p+ π − have been determined for photon-energies between 0.2 and 2.0 GGeV. Below 500 MeV the differential cross sections are compared with theoretical predictions derived from fixed-momentum-transfer dispersion relations.

Final results for 3678 six-prong π+p events at 8 GeV/c are presented. Single-particle distributions are compared with the predictions of the Chan-Loskiewicz-Allison model and the phenomenological model of the F(t) function. Differences between the transverse momenta of the π+ and π− and between the transverse momenta of secondaries emitted forward and backward in the c.m. system are observed. Cross sections for production of the ρ0, ρ+, ρ−, η, ω0, X0, and D0 mesons and the N33*++ and N33*− isobars are given, together with upper limits for some other resonances. The D0 meson is observed in the seven-body channel in the ηπ+π− system, with some evidence for the cascade decay D0→δ±π∓→ηπ+π−. The branching ratio (f0→2π+2π−)(f0→2π) is determined to be (2.2−2.2+4.5)%. Upper limits for the decay of A mesons into X0π systems are quoted. The cross section for the two-body reaction π+p→N33*++X0 is determined to be 30 ± 13 μb, from which the η0−X0 mixing angle is derived. Associated production of N33*++ and ρ0 in the six-body channel and of N33*++, ρ0, and ω0 in the seven-body channel is studied, and the cross sections for reactions involving simultaneous production of these resonances are estimated. The Goldhaber-Goldhaber-Lee-Pais effect is studied and shown to be strong in the six-body channel, especially for selected events with low energy of the pion system.

Invariant single-particle cross sections for pion and proton production in π ± p interactions at 8 and 16 GeV/ c are presented in terms of integrated distributions as functions of x , reduced rapidity ζ and p ⊥ 2 , and also in terms of double differential cross sections E d 2 σ /(d x d p ⊥ 2 ) and d ζ d p ⊥ 2 ). A comparison of π ± and π − induced reactions is made and the energy dependence is discussed. It is shown that the single-particle structure function cannot be factorized in its dependece on transverse and longitudinal momentum. For the beam-unlike pion, there is an indication for factorizability in terms of rapidity and transverse momentum in a small central region.

The differential cross sections for KL0p→KS0p scattering are presented in several momentum intervals between 1 and 10 GeVc. The data are strongly peaked in the forward direction, characteristic of a large s-channel helicity-nonflip scattering amplitude in this reaction, and a distinct break in the differential cross section occurs at |t|=0.3 GeV2. The phase of the forward scattering amplitude, φ, is consistent with being independent of momentum. The average value of the phase, φ=−133.9±4.0∘, corresponds to a Regge trajectory α(0)=0.49±0.05 in agreement with the canonical ρ, ω0 Regge intercept, α(0)∼0.5. However, this result disagrees with the Regge trajectory determined from the energy dependence of the forward cross section, α(0)=0.30±0.03, indicating a breaking of the Regge phase-energy relation. Comparisons of KL0p→KS0p and π−p→π0n scattering data reveal substantial differences in the energy dependence of the differential cross sections. Comparisons to KN charge-exchange data then suggest that direct-channel (absorption) effects may explain the differences in πN and KN channels.

New results on the multihadron production by electron and positron beams colliding with a total energy of up to 3 GeV are reported. Disregarding possible kaon final states, the ratio σ mh / σ μμ of the total multihadron cross-section to the point-like cross section for process e + e − → μ + μ − has an average value of 1.58 ± 0.25 in the energy interval 2.6–3.0 GeV. The average charged multiplicity over this energy range is 〈 n c 〉 = 2.9 ± 0.3.

Cross sections, differential cross sections, and hyperon polarization results are presented for the reactions K¯0p→Λπ+ and K¯0p→Σ0π+ in the momentum interval 1 to 12 GeV/c. Emphasis is placed on the comparison of Λ and Σ channels, and on the momentum dependences of the data. In particular, the Λ polarization data are consistent with being independent of energy above 2 GeV/c; and the slopes of the forward cross sections are found to increase toward the slope values for the line-reversed reactions πp→K(Λ,Σ) as energy increases.

The K − p reactions leading to charge exchange and hyperon final states have been studied at nine momenta between 862 and 1001 MeV/ c using data from a 600 000 picture exposure of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory 25″ liquid hydrogen bubble chamber. Partial cross sections are determined for all final states resolved by kinematic fitting. In addition, differential cross sections are presented for the two-body final states K o n , Λπ o and Σ +- π -+ along with hyperon polarization angular distributions for Λπ o and Σ + π − .

The analysis of 1466 events of the type e + e − → μ ± μ ± , in the time-lifke range from 1.44 to 9.00 GeV 2 , sh that the absolute value of the cross-section and its energy dependence follow QED expectations within (± 3.2%) and (± 1.2%), respectively.

We have studied photoproduction using a 1 m streamer chamber at DESY and a tagged photon beam with an energy range of 1.6 GeV < E γ < 6.3 GeV. We analysed approximately 30 000 events and report topological, channel and resonance production cross sections for a large number of reactions with three and five outgoing charged particles.

The differential cross sections of the combined elastic and break-up K − d reaction have been measured at 1.21, 1.42 and 2.61 GeV/ c incident K − momentum. The measurements have been performed at the CERN PS using multiwire proportional chambers. The values of the invariant momentum transfer t explored (0.0005<| t |<0.1 GeV 2 ) include the Coulomb-nuclear interference region. The differential cross sections have been analysed in the framework of the Glauber impact-parameter formalism. The observed interference effects have been used to derive the ratio of the real to imaginary part of the forward K − n nuclear amplitude.

The differential cross sections and density matrix elements for the φ and ϱ 0 mesons have been measured in the reactions K − p → K − K + ( Λ , Σ 0 ) and K − p → π − π + ( Λ , Σ 0 ) at 13 GeV using a wire chamber spectrometer. The analysis shows that while the vector meson production is dominated by the natural parity exchange amplitude, some unnatural parity exchange is also required. Furthermore the φ and ϱ natural exchange cross sections are identical in shape and have the 2:1 relative strength expected in the quark model with K ∗ and K ∗∗ exchange degeneracy. The analysis of the clear peak-dip ϱ 0 − ω interference pattern observed in the π − π + data indicates that the ω production is in phase with the ϱ and of similar magnitude. Both the S ∗ and f′ meson are clearly observed in this experiment. The S ∗ data are found to be consistent with S ∗ parameters deduced from ππ scattering analyses. The f′ density matrix elements and a new limit of the f′ → π − π + branching ratio are presented.

The reactions K + p → K ∗+ (890) p , K + p → K ∗+ (1420) p and K + p → K 0 Δ ++ have been systematically studied for eleven incident momenta between 3.0 and 16.0 GeV/ c . Cross sections, differential cross sections and density matrix elements are presented. For K ∗ (890) production the contributions from natural and unnatural parity exchanges have also been separated into I = 0 and I = 1 components. Effective trajectories have been extracted in the case of natural parity exchange, and also for Δ ++ production.

We present results of a K − d experiment performed with the 81 cm Saclay deuterium bubble chamber which was exposed to a K − beam at 4 momenta between 680 and 840 MeV/ c at the CERN PS. Cross sections were measured for inelastic two- and three-body K − n reactions on the basis of 5200 events/mb. Resonance production in the three-body reactions is discussed. In addition, differential cross sections and polarisations are presented for inelastic two-body reactions.

Results are presented of measurements of the polarisation parameter for the reaction π−p→π°n : π°→γγ at 22 incident momenta in the resonance region. These results are generally in agreement with those of previous measurements and in qualitative agreement with predictions of phase shift analyses.

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Results are presented of differential cross-section measurements for the reaction π − p→ π 0 n; π 0 → γγ at 22 incident pion momenta between 618 and 2724 MeV/ c . The results are in good agreement with those of other experiments. They represent the first comprehensive set of high statistics measurements of the π − p charge-exchange differential cross section at closely spaced momenta in the resonance region.

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We present experimental results on a number of K − p reactions at 14.3 GeV/ c that have three bodies in the final state. The final states are K − ω p , K − π p , Λπ + π − , Λ K + K − , Λp p , K ∗ − ω p , Λ(1520) K + K − and Λ(1520) p p . Whenever, with one exception explained by the Zweig rule, there is a K − or a proton in the final state, there is a diffractive-like threshold enhancement in the mass spectrum of the two recoiling particles. These enhancements account for a large fraction of the events in all but the Λπ + π − final state, where they cannot occur, and which is dominated by resonance production. We find evidence for the Q 1 (1300) decaying into K − ω .

The differential cross section for the charge-exchange reaction K−p→K¯0n has been measured at 22 incident momenta between 515 and 956 MeV/c. Experimental results and Legendre-polynomial fits to the data are presented.

The vector meson production, hypercharge exchange reactions K − p → ( φ , ω , ϱ ) Λ and ( φ , ϱ ) Σ 0 are studied at 4.2 GeV/ c incident momentum. The data come from a high statistics bubble chamber experiment with a sensitivity of ∼ 120 events/μb. Total and differential cross sections are presented. The vector meson density matrix elements and hyperon polarization are investigated as functions of momentum transfer. Amplitude analyses are performed for all five reactions. The results are compared with duality and quark model predictions, as well as used to test current ideas in two-body phenomenology.

Results are presented of polarization parameter measurements for the reaction π − p→ π 0 n at 22 momenta between 617 and 2267 MeV/ c . These results are generally in agreement with those of previous measurements and in qualitative agreement with predictions of phase-shift analyses. Together with the recently published differential cross-section measurements, they provide a comprehensive set of data for this reaction in the resonance region.

Inclusive production of ifπ ± , K ± and p has been studied near charm threshold for c.m. energies between 3.6 and 5.2 GeV. Differential and scaling cross sections together with particle multiplicities have been determinated. By comparing data below and above charm threshold the charm contribution to if π ± and K ± production has been extracted. A comparison has been made between inclusice p production and inelastic electron-proton scattering. To study differences between three-gluon annihilation and two-quark production of the spectra from J/ decay and from non-resonant production at 3.6 GeV has been compared.

Total cross sections of π ± , K ± , p and p on protons and deuterons have been measured at 6 momenta between 200 and 370 GeV/ c .

Differential cross sections for the reaction π − p→ η n at 20 incident pion momenta between 724 and 2723 MeV/ c are presented. The results are compared with previous measurements. The data show clear evidence of non-zero couplings of this channel to known I = 1 2 , S = 0 baryon resonances with masses up to 2000 MeV/ c 2 .