Measurements of the differential cross section for the inelastic scattering of 12-GeV/c muons on protons are reported. These measurements cover a kinematic range of |q2| (the square of the four-momentum transferred from the lepton) up to 4.0 (GeV/c)2 and of muon energy losses (ν) up to 9.0 GeV. Only the scattered muon is observed in an optical spark-chamber apparatus. The data are compared with electron-proton inelastic scattering, and analyzed in terms of possible lepton form factors and anomalous interactions. μ−p inelastic scattering is found to exhibit the same mild |q2| behavior as does e−p inelastic scattering. No experimentally significant deviation from the predictions of muon-electron universality has been found. If the ratio of muon to electron inelastic cross sections is parametrized by the form (1.0+|q2|ΛD2)−2, we find with 97.7% confidence that ΛD>4.1 GeV/c. The muon-proton cross sections on the average are slightly smaller than the electron-proton cross sections. This observation is not experimentally significant because such a difference might be caused by systematic errors, but this observation is used to speculate as to the most fruitful direction for future experiments.
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The v and v nucleon total cross-sections have been determined as a function of energy using a sample of 2500 v and 950 v event. The results are compared with predictions of scaling and charge symmetry hypotheses.
Measured charged current total cross section.
Measured charged current total cross section.
We report here additional positive results of a search for muonless neutrino- and anti-neutrino-induced events using an enriched antineutrino beam and a muon identifier of relatively high geometric detection efficiency. The ratio of muonless to muon event rates is observed to be R=0.20±0.05. We observe no background derived from ordinary neutrino or antineutrino interactions that is capable of explaining the muonless signal.
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Relative rates for deep inelastic neutrino and antineutrino scattering without a finalstate muon have been measured. For neutrinos the result is Rν=σ(νμ+nucleon→νμ+hadrons)σ(νμ+nucleon→μ−+hadrons)=0.11±0.05. The corresponding ratio for antineutrinos is Rν¯=0.32±0.09.
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In a streamer-chamber experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, we observed hadron production in inelastic collisions of 14-GeV positive muons in a liquid hydrogen target. We report on the experiment, the analysis, and the resulting cross sections for hadronic prongs as well as the charged-hadron multiplicity distributions.
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We present inclusive distributions for final-state hadrons produced in inelastic muon-proton scattering. Over the total energy range 2<W<4.7 GeV and the momentum-transfer range 0.3<Q2<4.5 GeV2, the fractional momentum and energy distributions approximately scale. Distributions in transverse momentum display an interesting two-component behavior. They show no dependence on the virtual-photon "mass squared" Q2, and have average values typical of other hadron-initiated reactions. A comparison of our distributions with those seen in e+e− annihilation and neutrino-nucleon scattering shows agreement, in support of quark-parton fragmentation ideas. We further break these distributions down by event topology.
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Results are presented of a study of inclusive ηp and ηn interactions from threshold to 6 GeV. The data show a rapid approach to the distributions expected in the naive quark-parton model. The charged-current η deuteron total cross section is fit by the expression σ T ( η d) = (0.76 ± 0.03) × 10 −38 E η cm 2 per GeV per nucleon. For E η > 1.5 GeV, we measure σ T ( η n)/ σ T ( η p) = (2.02 ± 0.23). The distributions in the scaling variables x and y are given and discussed.
Measured charged current total cross section.
We present the fractional energy distributions for positive and negative hadrons produced in muon-proton and muon-neutron scattering, and ensuing charge ratios for the photon fragmentation region. Data presented for a center-of-mass energy range 2.8<W<4.5 GeV and a virtual-photon mass-squared range 0.5≤Q2≤4.5 GeV2 indicate an overall equality of summed structure functions for neutron and proton targets, which exhibit approximate independence of Q2 and ω′, Implications in terms of quark-fragmentation ideas are discussed.
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The properties of the final-state hadronic system in antineutrino-proton charged-current interactions are presented. The events were observed in the Fermilab 15-foot hydrogen bubble chamber. The average energy of the events is ∼30 GeV, but there are some interactions beyond 100 GeV. The mean multiplicity of the charged hadrons varies as 〈nCH〉=(0.06±0.06)+(1.22±0.03)lnW2 for hadronic masses W in the range 1.0<W2<50 GeV2. By contrast, the multiplicity depends only weakly on the four-momentum transfer between the leptons. The mean pion multiplicities for events with three or more charged tracks are found to be 〈n−〉=1.64±0.04, 〈n0〉=1.16±0.13, for π− and π0 production, respectively. By comparing the number of positive tracks with π− data from neutrino production, we deduce a mean proton multiplicity 〈np〉 of 0.53 ± 0.15. The single-particle distributions in both longitudinal and transverse momentum are found to be similar to those for nondiffractive production in hadronic collisions. The fragmentation properties of the final-state d quarks are compared to the expectations of the quark-parton model. The fraction of observed neutral-strange-particle production for events with three or more charged tracks is 0.08 ± 0.015 and is consistent with coming completely from associated production.
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We have measured inclusive electron production in multiprong events produced by e+e− annihilation in the center-of-mass energy range 3.9-7.4 GeV. We find the electron momentum spectra are consistent with the electrons coming mainly from decays of charmed particles, with a smaller contribution from decays of the τ lepton. From our data we calculate the average branching ratio for charmed particles to decay into an electron plus additional particles to be (8.2±1.9)%.
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