As a part of our program to study p−p collisions at Cosmotron energies, the differential cross sections for elastic scattering were measured at five laboratory angles between 2.3° and 17° for each incident energy. Total elastic cross sections obtained by integration are 21.4±1.4, 17.0±0.8, and 14.7±0.7 mb at 1.35, 2.1, and 2.9 BeV, respectively. The angular distribution as a function of the momentum transfer, exhibits a forward diffraction peak, the width of which shrinks slightly as the incident energy increases. The experimental results were fitted by simple optical model calculations and also compared with the predictions of the composite particle theory of Chew and Frautschi.
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The elastic scattering of K+ mesons on protons is studied at 3.5 and 5 GeV/c. The total elastic cross-sections are found to be (4.36±0.36) mb and (3.82±0.41) mb respectively. The differential elastic cross-sections, which exhibit characteristic diffraction peaks, are fitted by dσ/dt=(dσ/dt)0eαt, giving α=(3.85±0.12) and (4.70±0.21) (GeV/c)−2 for the two momenta respectively, with |t|⪝0.65 (GeV/c)2. The results are compared to those at neighbouring energies, giving some support to the presence of a real part of the forward scattering amplitude. The diffraction peak shows definite shrinking with increasing momenta. The data are examined in the light of models for high-energy scattering.
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The differential cross section for the reaction γ+p→π+n was measured at 19 photon energies between 300 and 750 MeV in the laboratory frame, for pion angles between 0° and 130° in the c.m. system. The pions were analyzed in angle and momentum with a magnetic spectrometer and detected by a counter telescope. The 0° measurements could be achieved, in spite of the excessive positron rate, owing to a mass-spectrometer arrangement. No direct indication for the electromagnetic excitation of the P11 resonance (1466 MeV) was found. Comparison is made with theoretical calculations of π+ photoproduction.
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The differential asymmetry ratio for the process γ+n→p+π− was measured at 90° in the center-of-mass system and for incident photon energies from 352 to 550 MeV. The observed asymmetries are larger than the values predicted from the theory by Berends, Donnachie, and Weaver. A smaller M1- amplitude gives better agreement between the experiment and the theory.
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The cross section for γp→π−Δ++(1236), measured at 5, 8, 11, and 16 GeV from nearzero momentum transfer to -1 GeV2 (-2 GeV2 at 16 GeV), rises from small t to a maximum near −t=mπ2, then falls as e12t out to −t≈0.2 GeV2, after which it becomes roughly equal in slope and magnitude to the single π+ photoproduction cross section (e3t). At fixed t, the cross section varies as k−2, where k is the laboratory photon energy. The results do not agree well with the simple vector-dominance model.
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We have studied the ratio R=[dσ(γd→π−pp)dt][dσ(γd→π+nn)dt]−1 at 8 and 16 GeV for momentum transfers |t| from about 0.001 to 1.3 GeV2. R is close to unity for |t|
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Elastic scattering of p¯ on p has been studied for cosθc.m. between -0.88 and -1.0 and Plab(p¯) between 0.70 and 2.16 GeV/c. The momentum dependence of the cross section shows a sharp dip at 0.9 GeV/c and a broad peaking around 1.4 GeV/c. The possibility of the peak resulting from direct formation of boson resonances has been studied. Alternatively, a diffraction model agrees qualitatively with our data and other elastic data at different angles.
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We have measured differential cross sections of γ + p → p + η 0 at several energies. The angular distributions show that S 11 production is predominant in the energy range investigated and that the other resonant terms seen in π-production of η are absent or very low. Finally, experimental data are theoretically interpreted and the S 11 parameters deduced.
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