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The measurements on the polarization of the recoil protons from the process γ+p→π0+p have been extended to higher γ-ray energies, at 90° in the center-of-mass system. We have found at 910 Mev a polarization, P=−0.45±0.07; at 800 Mev, P=−0.42±0.10. The rather high values of P agree with the hypothesis that the neutral photoproduction in the 500-1000 Mev range can be described by the well-known three resonant states, and strongly indicate that the second and third resonance have opposite parity. The probable quantum numbers are: T=12, J=32, D pion wave for the second resonance; T=12, J=52, F wave for the third resonance.
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Axis error includes +- 0.0/0.0 contribution (?////The errors include an uncertainties in solid angle, efficiency, and background).
The elastic electron-proton scattering cross section has been measured at laboratory angles between 90° and 144° and for values of the four-momentum transfer squared between 25 and 45 F−2 (incident electron laboratory energies from 830 to 1360 MeV). Both the scattered electrons and the recoil protons were momentum analyzed and counted in coincidence, making possible background-free measurements down to cross sections of the order of 10−35 cm2/sr. The data are consistent with the Rosenbluth formula, and the resulting form factors tie on well with previous measurements at lower momentum transfer, continuing the established trend.
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The differential cross section for the photoproduction of a π− meson from the neutron bound in the deuteron was measured for pion laboratory angles of 76°, 96°, and 118° at incident gamma-ray energies in the region of 275 MeV. The π− meson and the high-energy proton were detected. The pion momentum and angle were measured by sets of spark chambers situated in front of and behind a magnetic field. The proton angle and range were also measured with spark chambers. To calculate "free" neutron cross sections from our data, we used a modified version of the extrapolation method suggested by Chew and Low. By observing the π+ only, the differential cross section for π+ photoproduction from hydrogen also was measured. As determined by this experiment, the differential cross section for photoproduction of a π− meson from a "free" neutron and the differential cross section for photoproduction of a π+ meson from hydrogen are as follows: Eγlab≃275 MeV These results disagree with the dispersion theory predictions of Chew, Goldberger, Low, and Nambu. They also disagree with McKinley's dispersion theory calculations which include a bipion or ρ-meson term in the production amplitudes.
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Differential cross sections for the reaction γ+p→n+π+ are presented for incident photon energies between 1.2 and 3 GeV and pion center-of-mass production angles of 15 to 50 deg.
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The reaction γ+p→π++n has been investigated for photon energies between 1.2 and 3 GeV and pion c.m. angles from 2.5 to 15°. The cross section is strongly peaked in the forward direction and shows resonance structure in the region of the N32*(1920) and N12*(2190).
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Cross sections for the photoproduction of neutral pions have been measured at the 1.1-GeV Frascati electron synchrotron for bombarding photon energies k between 400 and 800 MeV and for π0 c.m. angles of θπ*=90∘, 120∘, and 135∘. The main feature of the experiment is good resolution in incident photon energy. The results are in good agreement with the existing theories in the energy range of 450 to 550 MeV. The cross sections exhibit a smooth behavior as a function of energy for k=400−600 MeV. No immediate evidence is found of a contribution of the P11 resonance. An anomaly at the limit of statistical significance appears for k≃700−740 MeV, indicating a possible structure of the so-called second resonance. We attempt to interpret the observed anomaly as a reflection of the sharp opening of the η production channel (η cusp effect).
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The polarization of the recoil neutron in the reaction γ + p → π + + n has been measured for a pion c.m.-angle of 90° and a photon energy of 390 MeV. Hydrogen was used as the polarization analyser.
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