90% CL upper limit in axion-like particle coupling to SM fermions at UV scale Lambda=1TeV vs mass parameter space for di-lepton final states.

90% CL upper limit in axion-like particle coupling to SM gluons at UV scale Lambda=1TeV vs mass parameter space for hadronic final states.

Number of expected $a \to K^+K^-\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in B meson decays assuming production coupling $C_{bs}/\Lambda=1\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \pi^+\pi^-\eta$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in B meson decays assuming production coupling $C_{bs}/\Lambda=1\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \pi^+\pi^-\gamma$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in B meson decays assuming production coupling $C_{bs}/\Lambda=1\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in B meson decays assuming production coupling $C_{bs}/\Lambda=1\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in B meson decays assuming production coupling $C_{bs}/\Lambda=1\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to e^+e^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in mixing with $\pi^0$ assuming production coupling $\theta_{\pi^0} = 1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \mu^+\mu^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in mixing with $\pi^0$ assuming production coupling $\theta_{\pi^0} = 1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to K^+K^-\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in mixing with $\pi^0$ assuming production coupling $\theta_{\pi^0} = 1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \pi^+\pi^-\eta$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in mixing with $\pi^0$ assuming production coupling $\theta_{\pi^0} = 1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \pi^+\pi^-\gamma$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in mixing with $\pi^0$ assuming production coupling $\theta_{\pi^0} = 1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in mixing with $\pi^0$ assuming production coupling $\theta_{\pi^0} = 1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in mixing with $\pi^0$ assuming production coupling $\theta_{\pi^0} = 1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to e^+e^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in mixing with $\eta$ assuming production coupling $\theta_{\eta} = 1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \mu^+\mu^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in mixing with $\eta$ assuming production coupling $\theta_{\eta} = 1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to K^+K^-\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in mixing with $\eta$ assuming production coupling $\theta_{\eta} = 1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \pi^+\pi^-\eta$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in mixing with $\eta$ assuming production coupling $\theta_{\eta} = 1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \pi^+\pi^-\gamma$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in mixing with $\eta$ assuming production coupling $\theta_{\eta} = 1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in mixing with $\eta$ assuming production coupling $\theta_{\eta} = 1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in mixing with $\eta$ assuming production coupling $\theta_{\eta} = 1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to e^+e^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in mixing with $\eta^\prime$ assuming production coupling $\theta_{\eta^\prime} = 1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \mu^+\mu^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in mixing with $\eta^\prime$ assuming production coupling $\theta_{\eta^\prime} = 1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to K^+K^-\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in mixing with $\eta^\prime$ assuming production coupling $\theta_{\eta^\prime} = 1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \pi^+\pi^-\eta$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in mixing with $\eta^\prime$ assuming production coupling $\theta_{\eta^\prime} = 1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \pi^+\pi^-\gamma$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in mixing with $\eta^\prime$ assuming production coupling $\theta_{\eta^\prime} = 1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in mixing with $\eta^\prime$ assuming production coupling $\theta_{\eta^\prime} = 1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in mixing with $\eta^\prime$ assuming production coupling $\theta_{\eta^\prime} = 1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to e^+e^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for Primakoff production assuming production coupling $C_{\gamma\gamma}/\Lambda=1\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \mu^+\mu^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for Primakoff production assuming production coupling $C_{\gamma\gamma}/\Lambda=1\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to K^+K^-\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for Primakoff production assuming production coupling $C_{\gamma\gamma}/\Lambda=1\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \pi^+\pi^-\eta$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for Primakoff production assuming production coupling $C_{\gamma\gamma}/\Lambda=1\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \pi^+\pi^-\gamma$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for Primakoff production assuming production coupling $C_{\gamma\gamma}/\Lambda=1\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for Primakoff production assuming production coupling $C_{\gamma\gamma}/\Lambda=1\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $a \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for Primakoff production assuming production coupling $C_{\gamma\gamma}/\Lambda=1\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $A^\prime \to e^+e^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for Bremsstrahlung production assuming production coupling $\varepsilon=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $A^\prime \to \mu^+\mu^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for Bremsstrahlung production assuming production coupling $\varepsilon=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $A^\prime \to K^+K^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for Bremsstrahlung production assuming production coupling $\varepsilon=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $A^\prime \to K^+K^-\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for Bremsstrahlung production assuming production coupling $\varepsilon=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $A^\prime \to \pi^+\pi^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for Bremsstrahlung production assuming production coupling $\varepsilon=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $A^\prime \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for Bremsstrahlung production assuming production coupling $\varepsilon=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $A^\prime \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for Bremsstrahlung production assuming production coupling $\varepsilon=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $A^\prime \to e^+e^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for mixing production assuming production coupling $\varepsilon=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $A^\prime \to \mu^+\mu^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for mixing production assuming production coupling $\varepsilon=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $A^\prime \to K^+K^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for mixing production assuming production coupling $\varepsilon=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $A^\prime \to K^+K^-\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for mixing production assuming production coupling $\varepsilon=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $A^\prime \to \pi^+\pi^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for mixing production assuming production coupling $\varepsilon=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $A^\prime \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for mixing production assuming production coupling $\varepsilon=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $A^\prime \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for mixing production assuming production coupling $\varepsilon=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $A^\prime \to e^+e^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in light meson decays assuming production coupling $\varepsilon=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $A^\prime \to \mu^+\mu^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in light meson decays assuming production coupling $\varepsilon=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $A^\prime \to \pi^+\pi^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in light meson decays assuming production coupling $\varepsilon=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $A^\prime \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in light meson decays assuming production coupling $\varepsilon=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $A^\prime \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in light meson decays assuming production coupling $\varepsilon=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $S \to e^+e^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for Bremsstrahlung production assuming production coupling $\mathrm{sin}^2\theta=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $S \to \mu^+\mu^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for Bremsstrahlung production assuming production coupling $\mathrm{sin}^2\theta=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $S \to K^+K^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for Bremsstrahlung production assuming production coupling $\mathrm{sin}^2\theta=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $S \to \pi^+\pi^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for Bremsstrahlung production assuming production coupling $\mathrm{sin}^2\theta=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $S \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0\pi^0$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for Bremsstrahlung production assuming production coupling $\mathrm{sin}^2\theta=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $S \to e^+e^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in B meson decays assuming production coupling $\mathrm{sin}^2\theta=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $S \to \mu^+\mu^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in B meson decays assuming production coupling $\mathrm{sin}^2\theta=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $S \to K^+K^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in B meson decays assuming production coupling $\mathrm{sin}^2\theta=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Number of expected $S \to \pi^+\pi^-$ events for BR = 1 in the plane (mass, width) after full selection, for production in B meson decays assuming production coupling $\mathrm{sin}^2\theta=1$. Acceptance for particles that reach the FV and decay therein and mass resolution.

Data from Figure 2, panel b, U+U, 0-0.5% Centrality, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 3, panel a, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 3, panel b, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 3, panel c, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 3, panel d, 0-5% Centrality, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 3, panel e, 0-5% Centrality, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 3, panel f, 0-5% Centrality, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 4, panel a, Au+Au, 2subevent method, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 4, panel a, U+U, 2subevent method, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 4, panel b, Au+Au, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 4, panel b, U+U, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 4, panel c, Au+Au, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 4, panel c, U+U, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 4, panel d, Au+Au, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 4, panel d, U+U, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 5, panel a, Au+Au, 2subevent method, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 5, panel a, Au+Au, standard method, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 5, panel a, Au+Au, difference, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 5, panel b, Au+Au, 2subevent method, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 5, panel b, Au+Au, standard, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 5, panel b, Au+Au, difference, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 5, panel c, Au+Au, 2subevent method, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 5, panel c, Au+Au, standard, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Data from Figure 5, panel c, Au+Au, difference, 0.2<p_{T}<3 GeV/c

Upper limits at 90% CL of $B(K^+\to\pi^+a)\times B(a\to\gamma\gamma)$ in the prompt ALP decay assumption.

See caption of Figure 9.

See caption of Figure 9.

See caption of Figure 9.

See caption of Figure 9.

See caption of Figure 9.

See caption of Figure 9.

'Identified transverse momentum spectra of $\pi^{-}$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV'

'Identified transverse momentum spectra of $K^{-}$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV'

'Identified transverse momentum spectra of $\bar{p}$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV'

'Average transverse momentum as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ for $\pi^{+}$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'Average transverse momentum as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ for $K^{+}$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'Average transverse momentum as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ for p at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'dN/dy scaled by 0.5 × $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ for $\pi^{+}$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'dN/dy scaled by 0.5 × $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ for $K^{+}$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'dN/dy scaled by 0.5 × $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ for p at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'dN/dy scaled by 0.5 × $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ for $\bar{p}$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'$\pi^{−}$/$\pi^{+}$ ratio as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'$K^{−}$/$K^{+}$ ratio as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'$\bar{p}$/p ratio as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'$K^{+}$/$\pi^{+}$ ratio as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'$K^{-}$/$\pi^{-}$ ratio as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'p/$\pi^{+}$ ratio as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

'$\bar{p}$/$\pi^{-}$ ratio as a function of $\langle$N$_{part}$$\rangle$ at midrapidity (|y| < 0.1) in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 193 GeV.'

Example of combinatorial background subtracted invariant mass distributions and the extracted yields as a function of $\cos \theta^*$ for $\phi$ and $K^{*0}$ mesons. \textbf{a)} example of $\phi \rightarrow K^+ + K^-$ invariant mass distributions, with combinatorial background subtracted, integrated over $\cos \theta^*$; \textbf{b)} example of $K^{*0} (\overline{K^{*0}}) \rightarrow K^{-} \pi^{+} (K^{+} \pi^{-})$ invariant mass distributions, with combinatorial background subtracted, integrated over $\cos \theta^*$; \textbf{c)} extracted yields of $\phi$ as a function of $\cos \theta^*$; \textbf{d)} extracted yields of $K^{*0}$ as a function of $\cos \theta^*$.

Example of combinatorial background subtracted invariant mass distributions and the extracted yields as a function of $\cos \theta^*$ for $\phi$ and $K^{*0}$ mesons. \textbf{a)} example of $\phi \rightarrow K^+ + K^-$ invariant mass distributions, with combinatorial background subtracted, integrated over $\cos \theta^*$; \textbf{b)} example of $K^{*0} (\overline{K^{*0}}) \rightarrow K^{-} \pi^{+} (K^{+} \pi^{-})$ invariant mass distributions, with combinatorial background subtracted, integrated over $\cos \theta^*$; \textbf{c)} extracted yields of $\phi$ as a function of $\cos \theta^*$; \textbf{d)} extracted yields of $K^{*0}$ as a function of $\cos \theta^*$.

Example of combinatorial background subtracted invariant mass distributions and the extracted yields as a function of $\cos \theta^*$ for $\phi$ and $K^{*0}$ mesons. \textbf{a)} example of $\phi \rightarrow K^+ + K^-$ invariant mass distributions, with combinatorial background subtracted, integrated over $\cos \theta^*$; \textbf{b)} example of $K^{*0} (\overline{K^{*0}}) \rightarrow K^{-} \pi^{+} (K^{+} \pi^{-})$ invariant mass distributions, with combinatorial background subtracted, integrated over $\cos \theta^*$; \textbf{c)} extracted yields of $\phi$ as a function of $\cos \theta^*$; \textbf{d)} extracted yields of $K^{*0}$ as a function of $\cos \theta^*$.

Efficiency corrected $\phi$-meson yields as a function of cos$\theta$* and corresponding fits with Eq.1 in the method section.

Efficiency and acceptance corrected $K^{*0}$-meson yields as a function of cos$\theta$* and corresponding fits with Eq.4 in the method section.

$\phi$-meson $\rho_{00}$ obtained from 1st- and 2nd-order event planes. The red stars (gray squares) show the $\phi$-meson $\rho_{00}$ as a function of beam energy, obtained with the 2nd-order (1st-order) EP.

$\phi$-meson $\rho_{00}$ with respect to different quantization axes. $\phi$-meson $\rho_{00}$ as a function of beam energy, for the out-of-plane direction (stars) and the in-plane direction (diamonds). Curves are fits based on theoretical calculations with a $\phi$-meson field. The corresponding $G_s^{(y)}$ values obtained from the fits are shown in the legend.

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of transverse momentum for $\phi$ for different collision energies. The gray squares and red stars are results obtained with the 1st- and 2nd-order EP, respectively.

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of transverse momentum for $\phi$ for different collision energies. The gray squares and red stars are results obtained with the 1st- and 2nd-order EP, respectively.

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of transverse momentum for $\phi$ for different collision energies. The gray squares and red stars are results obtained with the 1st- and 2nd-order EP, respectively.

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of transverse momentum for $\phi$ for different collision energies. The gray squares and red stars are results obtained with the 1st- and 2nd-order EP, respectively.

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of transverse momentum for $\phi$ for different collision energies. The gray squares and red stars are results obtained with the 1st- and 2nd-order EP, respectively.

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of transverse momentum for $\phi$ for different collision energies. The gray squares and red stars are results obtained with the 1st- and 2nd-order EP, respectively.

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of transverse momentum for $\phi$ for different collision energies. The gray squares and red stars are results obtained with the 1st- and 2nd-order EP, respectively.

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of transverse momentum for $\phi$ for different collision energies. The gray squares and red stars are results obtained with the 1st- and 2nd-order EP, respectively.

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of transverse momentum for $\phi$ for different collision energies. The gray squares and red stars are results obtained with the 1st- and 2nd-order EP, respectively.

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of transverse momentum for $\phi$ for different collision energies. The gray squares and red stars are results obtained with the 1st- and 2nd-order EP, respectively.

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of transverse momentum for $\phi$ for different collision energies. The gray squares and red stars are results obtained with the 1st- and 2nd-order EP, respectively.

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of transverse momentum for $\phi$ for different collision energies. The gray squares and red stars are results obtained with the 1st- and 2nd-order EP, respectively.

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of transverse momentum for $K^{*0}$ for different collision energies.

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of transverse momentum for $K^{*0}$ for different collision energies.

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of transverse momentum for $K^{*0}$ for different collision energies.

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of transverse momentum for $K^{*0}$ for different collision energies.

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of transverse momentum for $K^{*0}$ for different collision energies.

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of transverse momentum for $K^{*0}$ for different collision energies.

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of transverse momentum for $K^{*0}$ for different collision energies.

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of centrality for $\phi$ (upper panels) and $K^{*0}$ (lower panels). The solid squares and stars are results for the $\phi$ meson, obtained with the 1st- and 2nd-order EP, respectively. The solid circles are results for the $K^{*0}$ meson, obtained with the 2nd-order EP.}

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of centrality for $\phi$ (upper panels) and $K^{*0}$ (lower panels). The solid squares and stars are results for the $\phi$ meson, obtained with the 1st- and 2nd-order EP, respectively. The solid circles are results for the $K^{*0}$ meson, obtained with the 2nd-order EP.}

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of centrality for $\phi$ (upper panels) and $K^{*0}$ (lower panels). The solid squares and stars are results for the $\phi$ meson, obtained with the 1st- and 2nd-order EP, respectively. The solid circles are results for the $K^{*0}$ meson, obtained with the 2nd-order EP.}

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of centrality for $\phi$ (upper panels) and $K^{*0}$ (lower panels). The solid squares and stars are results for the $\phi$ meson, obtained with the 1st- and 2nd-order EP, respectively. The solid circles are results for the $K^{*0}$ meson, obtained with the 2nd-order EP.}

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of centrality for $\phi$ (upper panels) and $K^{*0}$ (lower panels). The solid squares and stars are results for the $\phi$ meson, obtained with the 1st- and 2nd-order EP, respectively. The solid circles are results for the $K^{*0}$ meson, obtained with the 2nd-order EP.}

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of centrality for $\phi$ (upper panels) and $K^{*0}$ (lower panels). The solid squares and stars are results for the $\phi$ meson, obtained with the 1st- and 2nd-order EP, respectively. The solid circles are results for the $K^{*0}$ meson, obtained with the 2nd-order EP.}

$\rho_{00}$ as a function of centrality for $\phi$ (upper panels) and $K^{*0}$ (lower panels). The solid squares and stars are results for the $\phi$ meson, obtained with the 1st- and 2nd-order EP, respectively. The solid circles are results for the $K^{*0}$ meson, obtained with the 2nd-order EP.}

Global spin alignment measurement of $\phi$ and $K^{*0}$ vector mesons in Au+Au collisions at 0-20\% centrality. The solid squares and stars are results for the $\phi$ meson, obtained with the 1st- and 2nd-order EP, respectively. The solid circles are results for $K^{*0}$-meson, obtained with the 2nd-order EP.

Global spin alignment measurement of $\phi$ and $K^{*0}$ vector mesons in Au+Au collisions at 0-20\% centrality. The solid squares and stars are results for the $\phi$ meson, obtained with the 1st- and 2nd-order EP, respectively. The solid circles are results for $K^{*0}$-meson, obtained with the 2nd-order EP.

Results for the spin-exotic $1^{-+}1^+[\pi\pi]_{1^{-\,-}}\pi P$ wave from the free-isobar partial-wave analysis performed in the fourth $t^\prime$ bin from $0.326$ to $1.000\;(\text{GeV}/c)^2$. The plotted values represent the intensity of the coherent sum of the dynamic isobar amplitudes $\{\mathcal{T}_k^\text{fit}\}$ as a function of $m_{3\pi}$, where the coherent sums run over all $m_{\pi^-\pi^+}$ bins indexed by $k$. These intensity values are given in number of events per $40\;\text{MeV}/c^2$ $m_{3\pi}$ interval and correspond to the orange points in Fig. 8(b). In the "Resources" section of this $t^\prime$ bin, we provide the JSON file named <code>transition_amplitudes_tBin_3.json</code> for download, which contains for each $m_{3\pi}$ bin the values of the transition amplitudes $\{\mathcal{T}_k^\text{fit}\}$ for all $m_{\pi^-\pi^+}$ bins, their covariances, and further information. The data in this JSON file are organized in independent bins of $m_{3\pi}$. The information in these bins can be accessed via the key <code>m3pi_bin_<#>_t_prime_bin_3</code>. Each independent $m_{3\pi}$ bin contains <ul> <li>the kinematic ranges of the $(m_{3\pi}, t^\prime)$ cell, which are accessible via the keys <code>m3pi_lower_limit</code>, <code>m3pi_upper_limit</code>, <code>t_prime_lower_limit</code>, and <code>t_prime_upper_limit</code>.</li> <li>the $m_{\pi^-\pi^+}$ bin borders, which are accessible via the keys <code>m2pi_lower_limits</code> and <code>m2pi_upper_limits</code>.</li> <li>the real and imaginary parts of the transition amplitudes $\{\mathcal{T}_k^\text{fit}\}$ for all $m_{\pi^-\pi^+}$ bins, which are accessible via the keys <code>transition_amplitudes_real_part</code> and <code>transition_amplitudes_imag_part</code>, respectively.</li> <li>the covariance matrix of the real and imaginary parts of the $\{\mathcal{T}_k^\text{fit}\}$ for all $m_{\pi^-\pi^+}$ bins, which is accessible via the key <code>covariance_matrix</code>. Note that this matrix is real-valued and that its rows and columns are indexed such that $(\Re,\Im)$ pairs of the transition amplitudes are arranged with increasing $k$.</li> <li>the normalization factors $\mathcal{N}_a$ in Eq. (13) for all $m_{\pi^-\pi^+}$ bins, which are accessible via the key <code>normalization_factors</code>.</li> <li>the shape of the zero mode, i.e., the values of $\tilde\Delta_k$ for all $m_{\pi^-\pi^+}$ bins, which is accessible via the key <code>zero_mode_shape</code>.</li> <li>the reference wave, which is accessible via the key <code>reference_wave</code>. Note that this is always the $4^{++}1^+\rho(770)\pi G$ wave.</li> </ul>

The centrality dependencies of the $\Delta\gamma\{\psi_\mathrm{ZDC}\}$ for Au+Au collision at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=200 GeV.

The centrality dependencies of the A for Au+Au collision at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=200 GeV.

The centrality dependencies of the a for Au+Au collision at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=200 GeV.

The centrality dependencies of the A/a using full-event method for Au+Au collision at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=200 GeV.

The centrality dependencies of the A/a using sub-event method for Au+Au collision at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=200 GeV.

The centrality dependencies of the $f_\mathrm{CME}$ using full-event method for Au+Au collision at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=200 GeV.

The centrality dependencies of the $f_\mathrm{CME}$ using sub-event method for Au+Au collision at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=200 GeV.

The centrality dependencies of the $\Delta\gamma_\mathrm{CME}$ using full-event method for Au+Au collision at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=200 GeV.

The centrality dependencies of the $\Delta\gamma_\mathrm{CME}$ using sub-event method for Au+Au collision at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=200 GeV.

The $f_\mathrm{CME}$ from different methods for 20-50% centrality Au+Au collision at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=200 GeV.

The $f_\mathrm{CME}$ from different methods for 50-80% centrality Au+Au collision at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=200 GeV.

The $\Delta\gamma_\mathrm{CME}$ from different methods for 20-50% centrality Au+Au collision at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=200 GeV.

The $\Delta\gamma_\mathrm{CME}$ from different methods for 50-80% centrality Au+Au collision at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=200 GeV.

Parameters of the polynomial fit of net-proton C3/C2 and C4/C2 vs energy in 0-5$\%$ central Au+Au collisions. Polynomial of order 5 and 4 are used to fit C3/C2 and C4/C2 ratio vs energies, respectively.

Cumulant ratios C3/C2 and C4/C2 of net-proton distributions in STAR Au+Au collisions for nine energies from $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7 - 200 GeV for 0-5$\%$ and 70-80$\%$ centrality.

Cumulant ratios C3/C2 and C4/C2 of net-proton distributions in Au+Au collisions from UrQMD for 0-5$\%$ centrality.

Cumulant ratios C3/C2 and C4/C2 of net-proton distributions from HRG GCE, HRG GEC excluded volume, HRG CE model.

Cumulants and their ratios up to fourth order in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV using conventional analytical efficiency corrections and unfolding approaches with various cases of distribution of detector response.

Rapidity dependence of cumulant ratio C4/C2 of net-proton distributions for 0-5$\%$ central Au+Au collisions at nine energies from $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7 - 200 GeV.

Significance of deviations in net-proton C4/C2 (or kappa*sigma^2) for central 0-5$\%$ Au+Au collisions and those from UrQMD, HRG and peripheral 70-80$\%$ data.