Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles produced in $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV Pb+Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector

The ATLAS collaboration Aaboud, Morad ; Aad, Georges ; Abbott, Brad ; et al.
Eur.Phys.J.C 78 (2018) 997, 2018.
Inspire Record 1686834 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.84427

Measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy in lead-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV are presented using a data sample corresponding to 0.49 $\mathrm{nb}^{-1}$ integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2015. The recorded minimum-bias sample is enhanced by triggers for "ultra-central" collisions, providing an opportunity to perform detailed study of flow harmonics in the regime where the initial state is dominated by fluctuations. The anisotropy of the charged-particle azimuthal angle distributions is characterized by the Fourier coefficients, $v_{2}-v_{7}$, which are measured using the two-particle correlation, scalar-product and event-plane methods. The goal of the paper is to provide measurements of the differential as well as integrated flow harmonics $v_{n}$ over wide ranges of the transverse momentum, 0.5 $

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The V2 harmonic measured with the scalar product method as a funtion of transverse momentum in centrality bin 0-0.1%

The V2 harmonic measured with the scalar product method as a funtion of transverse momentum in centrality bin 0-1%

The V2 harmonic measured with the scalar product method as a funtion of transverse momentum in centrality bin 0-5%

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Measurement of charged jet suppression n Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt(sNN)=2.76TeV

The ALICE collaboration Abelev, B. ; Adam, J. ; Adamova, D. ; et al.
JHEP 03 (2014) 013, 2014.
Inspire Record 1263194 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.62723

A measurement of the transverse momentum spectra of jets in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76$ TeV is reported. Jets are reconstructed from charged particles using the anti-$k_{\rm T}$ jet algorithm with jet resolution parameters $R$ of $0.2$ and $0.3$ in pseudo-rapidity $|\eta|<0.5$. The transverse momentum $p_{\rm T}$ of charged particles is measured down to $0.15$ GeV/$c$ which gives access to the low $p_{\rm T}$ fragments of the jet. Jets found in heavy-ion collisions are corrected event-by-event for average background density and on an inclusive basis (via unfolding) for residual background fluctuations and detector effects. A strong suppression of jet production in central events with respect to peripheral events is observed. The suppression is found to be similar to the suppression of charged hadrons, which suggests that substantial energy is radiated at angles larger than the jet resolution parameter $R=0.3$ considered in the analysis. The fragmentation bias introduced by selecting jets with a high $p_{\rm T}$ leading particle, which rejects jets with a soft fragmentation pattern, has a similar effect on the jet yield for central and peripheral events. The ratio of jet spectra with $R=0.2$ and $R=0.3$ is found to be similar in Pb-Pb and simulated PYTHIA pp events, indicating no strong broadening of the radial jet structure in the reconstructed jets with $R<0.3$.

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Average values of the number of participating nucleons (Npart), number of binary collisions (Ncoll), and the nuclear overlap function (TAA) for the centrality intervals used in the jet analysis.

Charged jet spectra using two cone radius parameters R = 0.2 and 0.3 and a leading track selection of pT > 0.15 GeV, for centrality 0-10%. The two systematic uncertainties correspond to the shape uncertainty and the correlated uncertainty.

Charged jet spectra using two cone radius parameters R = 0.2 and 0.3 and a leading track selection of pT > 0.15 GeV, for centrality 10-30%. The two systematic uncertainties correspond to the shape uncertainty and the correlated uncertainty.

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Measurement of the correlation between flow harmonics of different order in lead-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The ATLAS collaboration Aad, Georges ; Abbott, Brad ; Abdallah, Jalal ; et al.
Phys.Rev.C 92 (2015) 034903, 2015.
Inspire Record 1357991 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.68950

Correlations between the elliptic or triangular flow coefficients $v_m$ ($m$=2 or 3) and other flow harmonics $v_n$ ($n$=2 to 5) are measured using $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV Pb+Pb collision data collected in 2010 by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated lumonisity of 7 $\mu$b$^{-1}$. The $v_m$-$v_n$ correlations are measured in midrapidity as a function of centrality, and, for events within the same centrality interval, as a function of event ellipticity or triangularity defined in a forward rapidity region. For events within the same centrality interval, $v_3$ is found to be anticorrelated with $v_2$ and this anticorrelation is consistent with similar anticorrelations between the corresponding eccentricities $\epsilon_2$ and $\epsilon_3$. On the other hand, it is observed that $v_4$ increases strongly with $v_2$, and $v_5$ increases strongly with both $v_2$ and $v_3$. The trend and strength of the $v_m$-$v_n$ correlations for $n$=4 and 5 are found to disagree with $\epsilon_m$-$\epsilon_n$ correlations predicted by initial-geometry models. Instead, these correlations are found to be consistent with the combined effects of a linear contribution to $v_n$ and a nonlinear term that is a function of $v_2^2$ or of $v_2v_3$, as predicted by hydrodynamic models. A simple two-component fit is used to separate these two contributions. The extracted linear and nonlinear contributions to $v_4$ and $v_5$ are found to be consistent with previously measured event-plane correlations.

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$v_{4}$ data for various $q_3$ bins, Centrality 40-50%.

$v_{5}$ data for various $q_3$ bins, Centrality 40-50%.

$v_{2}$ - $v_{2}$ inclusive correlation in 5% centrality intervals.

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Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy for charged particle production in sqrt(s_NN) = 2.76 TeV lead-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector

The ATLAS collaboration Aad, Georges ; Abbott, Brad ; Abdallah, Jalal ; et al.
Phys.Rev.C 86 (2012) 014907, 2012.
Inspire Record 1093733 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.59488

Differential measurements of charged particle azimuthal anisotropy are presented for lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, based on an integrated luminosity of approximately 8 mb^-1. This anisotropy is characterized via a Fourier expansion of the distribution of charged particles in azimuthal angle (phi), with the coefficients v_n denoting the magnitude of the anisotropy. Significant v_2-v_6 values are obtained as a function of transverse momentum (0.5<pT<20 GeV), pseudorapidity (|eta|<2.5) and centrality using an event plane method. The v_n values for n>=3 are found to vary weakly with both eta and centrality, and their pT dependencies are found to follow an approximate scaling relation, v_n^{1/n}(pT) \propto v_2^{1/2}(pT). A Fourier analysis of the charged particle pair distribution in relative azimuthal angle (Dphi=phi_a-phi_b) is performed to extract the coefficients v_{n,n}=<cos (n Dphi)>. For pairs of charged particles with a large pseudorapidity gap (|Deta=eta_a-eta_b|>2) and one particle with pT<3 GeV, the v_{2,2}-v_{6,6} values are found to factorize as v_{n,n}(pT^a,pT^b) ~ v_n(pT^a)v_n(pT^b) in central and mid-central events. Such factorization suggests that these values of v_{2,2}-v_{6,6} are primarily due to the response of the created matter to the fluctuations in the geometry of the initial state. A detailed study shows that the v_{1,1}(pT^a,pT^b) data are consistent with the combined contributions from a rapidity-even v_1 and global momentum conservation. A two-component fit is used to extract the v_1 contribution. The extracted v_1 is observed to cross zero at pT\sim1.0 GeV, reaches a maximum at 4-5 GeV with a value comparable to that for v_3, and decreases at higher pT.

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The EP Resolution Factor vs. Centrality for n values from2 to 6.

The Chi Reolution Factor vs. Centrality for n values from 2 to 6.

The one-dimensional Delta(PHI) correlation function vs Delta(PHI) for |DETARAP| in the range 2 to 5 summed over all n values from 1 to 6.

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Measurement of quark- and gluon-like jet fractions using jet charge in PbPb and pp collisions at 5.02 TeV

The CMS collaboration Sirunyan, Albert M ; Tumasyan, Armen ; Adam, Wolfgang ; et al.
JHEP 07 (2020) 115, 2020.
Inspire Record 1789224 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.88294

The momentum-weighted sum of the electric charges of particles inside a jet, known as jet charge, is sensitive to the electric charge of the particle initiating the parton shower. This paper presents jet charge distributions in $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} =$ 5.02 TeV lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC. These data correspond to integrated luminosities of 404 $\mu$b$^{-1}$ and 27.4 pb$^{-1}$ for PbPb and pp collisions, respectively. Leveraging the sensitivity of the jet charge to fundamental differences in the electric charges of quarks and gluons, the jet charge distributions from simulated events are used as templates to extract the quark- and gluon-like jet fractions from data. The modification of these jet fractions is examined by comparing pp and PbPb data as a function of the overlap of the colliding Pb nuclei (centrality). This measurement tests the color charge dependence of jet energy loss due to interactions with the quark-gluon plasma. No significant modification between different centrality classes and with respect to pp results is observed in the extracted fractions of quark- and gluon-like jet fractions.

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Measurement of long-range pseudorapidity correlations and azimuthal harmonics in $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector

The ATLAS collaboration Aad, Georges ; Abbott, Brad ; Abdallah, Jalal ; et al.
Phys.Rev.C 90 (2014) 044906, 2014.
Inspire Record 1315325 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.66357

Measurements of two-particle correlation functions and the first five azimuthal harmonics, $v_1$ to $v_5$, are presented, using 28 $\mathrm{nb}^{-1}$ of $p$+Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Significant long-range "ridge-like" correlations are observed for pairs with small relative azimuthal angle ($|\Delta\phi|<\pi/3$) and back-to-back pairs ($|\Delta\phi| > 2\pi/3$) over the transverse momentum range $0.4 < p_{\rm T} < 12$ GeV and in different intervals of event activity. The event activity is defined by either the number of reconstructed tracks or the total transverse energy on the Pb-fragmentation side. The azimuthal structure of such long-range correlations is Fourier decomposed to obtain the harmonics $v_n$ as a function of $p_{\rm T}$ and event activity. The extracted $v_n$ values for $n=2$ to 5 decrease with $n$. The $v_2$ and $v_3$ values are found to be positive in the measured $p_{\rm T}$ range. The $v_1$ is also measured as a function of $p_{\rm T}$ and is observed to change sign around $p_{\rm T}\approx 1.5$-2.0 GeV and then increase to about 0.1 for $p_{\rm T}>4$ GeV. The $v_2(p_{\rm T})$, $v_3(p_{\rm T})$ and $v_4(p_{\rm T})$ are compared to the $v_n$ coefficients in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} =2.76$ TeV with similar event multiplicities. Reasonable agreement is observed after accounting for the difference in the average $p_{\rm T}$ of particles produced in the two collision systems.

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Per-trigger yield in 2D, $Y$($\Delta\phi$,$\Delta\eta$), for events with $E_{T}^{Pb} <$ 10 GeV and $N_{ch}^{rec} \geq$ 200 and recoil-subtracted per-trigger yield, $Y^{sub}$($\Delta\phi$,$\Delta\eta$) for events with $N_{ch}^{rec} \geq$ 200. Errors are statistical.

The per-trigger yield distributions $Y^{corr}(\Delta\phi)$ and $Y^{recoil}(\Delta\phi)$ for events with $N_{ch}^{rec} \geq$ 220 in the long-range region $|\Delta\eta| >$ 2.

The per-trigger yield distributions $Y^{corr}(\Delta\phi)$ and $Y^{recoil}(\Delta\phi)$ for events with $N_{ch}^{rec} \geq$ 220 in the long-range region $|\Delta\eta| >$ 2.

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Azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles with transverse momentum up to 100 GeV in PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 5.02 TeV

The CMS collaboration Sirunyan, A.M. ; Tumasyan, Armen ; Adam, Wolfgang ; et al.
Phys.Lett.B 776 (2018) 195-216, 2018.
Inspire Record 1511868 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.77603

The Fourier coefficients v[2] and v[3] characterizing the anisotropy of the azimuthal distribution of charged particles produced in PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 5.02 TeV are measured with data collected by the CMS experiment. The measurements cover a broad transverse momentum range, 1 < pT < 100 GeV. The analysis focuses on pT > 10 GeV range, where anisotropic azimuthal distributions should reflect the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in the created medium. Results are presented in several bins of PbPb collision centrality, spanning the 60% most central events. The v[2] coefficient is measured with the scalar product and the multiparticle cumulant methods, which have different sensitivities to the initial-state fluctuations. The values of both methods remain positive up to pT of about 60-80 GeV, in all examined centrality classes. The v[3] coefficient, only measured with the scalar product method, tends to zero for pT greater than or equal to 20 GeV. Comparisons between theoretical calculations and data provide new constraints on the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in heavy ion collisions and highlight the importance of the initial-state fluctuations.

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The $v_{2}$ result from SP method as a function of $p_{T}$ in 0-5\% centrality bin of PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV. Shaded boxes represent systematic uncertainties.

The $v_{2}$ result from SP method as a function of $p_{T}$ in 5-10\% centrality bin of PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV. Shaded boxes represent systematic uncertainties.

The $v_{2}$ result from SP method as a function of $p_{T}$ in 10-20\% centrality bin of PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV. Shaded boxes represent systematic uncertainties.

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Measurement of the distributions of event-by-event flow harmonics in lead--lead collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The ATLAS collaboration Aad, Georges ; Abajyan, Tatevik ; Abbott, Brad ; et al.
JHEP 11 (2013) 183, 2013.
Inspire Record 1233359 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.62783

The distributions of event-by-event harmonic flow coefficients v_n for n=2-4 are measured in sqrt(s_NN)=2.76 TeV Pb+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using charged particles with transverse momentum pT> 0.5 GeV and in the pseudorapidity range |eta|<2.5 in a dataset of approximately 7 ub^-1 recorded in 2010. The shapes of the v_n distributions are described by a two-dimensional Gaussian function for the underlying flow vector in central collisions for v_2 and over most of the measured centrality range for v_3 and v_4. Significant deviations from this function are observed for v_2 in mid-central and peripheral collisions, and a small deviation is observed for v_3 in mid-central collisions. It is shown that the commonly used multi-particle cumulants are insensitive to the deviations for v_2. The v_n distributions are also measured independently for charged particles with 0.5<pT<1 GeV and pT>1 GeV. When these distributions are rescaled to the same mean values, the adjusted shapes are found to be nearly the same for these two pT ranges. The v_n distributions are compared with the eccentricity distributions from two models for the initial collision geometry: a Glauber model and a model that includes corrections to the initial geometry due to gluon saturation effects. Both models fail to describe the experimental data consistently over most of the measured centrality range.

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The relationship between centrality intervals and MEAN(Npart) estimated from the Glauber model.

Eccentricity curves for EPSILON2 in Figure 12.

Eccentricity curves for EPSILON3 in Figure 12.

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Measurement of the centrality and pseudorapidity dependence of the integrated elliptic flow in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The ATLAS collaboration Aad, Georges ; Abbott, Brad ; Abdallah, Jalal ; et al.
Eur.Phys.J.C 74 (2014) 2982, 2014.
Inspire Record 1296260 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.66180

The integrated elliptic flow of charged particles produced in Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=2.76 TeV has been measured with the ATLAS detector using data collected at the Large Hadron Collider. The anisotropy parameter, v_2, was measured in the pseudorapidity range |eta| <= 2.5 with the event-plane method. In order to include tracks with very low transverse momentum pT, thus reducing the uncertainty in v_2 integrated over pT, a 1 mu b-1 data sample without a magnetic field in the tracking detectors is used. The centrality dependence of the integrated v_2 is compared to other measurements obtained with higher pT thresholds. A weak pseudorapidity dependence of the integrated elliptic flow is observed for central collisions, and a small decrease when moving away from mid-rapidity is observed only in peripheral collisions. The integrated v2 transformed to the rest frame of one of the colliding nuclei is compared to the lower-energy RHIC data.

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Monte Carlo evaluation of the tracklet reconstruction efficiency as a function of pseudorapidity for the 0-10% centraliry interval.

Monte Carlo evaluation of the tracklet reconstruction efficiency as a function of pseudorapidity for the 40-50% centraliry interval.

Monte Carlo evaluation of the tracklet reconstruction efficiency as a function of pseudorapidity for the 70-80% centraliry interval.

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Evidence for transverse momentum and pseudorapidity dependent event plane fluctuations in PbPb and pPb collisions

The CMS collaboration Khachatryan, Vardan ; Sirunyan, Albert M ; Tumasyan, Armen ; et al.
Phys.Rev.C 92 (2015) 034911, 2015.
Inspire Record 1347386 DOI 10.17182/hepdata.67151

A systematic study of the factorization of long-range azimuthal two-particle correlations into a product of single-particle anisotropies is presented as a function of pt and eta of both particles, and as a function of the particle multiplicity in PbPb and pPb collisions. The data were taken with the CMS detector for PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV and pPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 5.02 TeV, covering a very wide range of multiplicity. Factorization is observed to be broken as a function of both particle pt and eta. When measured with particles of different pt, the magnitude of the factorization breakdown for the second Fourier harmonic reaches 20% for very central PbPb collisions but decreases rapidly as the multiplicity decreases. The data are consistent with viscous hydrodynamic predictions, which suggest that the effect of factorization breaking is mainly sensitive to the initial-state conditions rather than to the transport properties (e.g., shear viscosity) of the medium. The factorization breakdown is also computed with particles of different eta. The effect is found to be weakest for mid-central PbPb events but becomes larger for more central or peripheral PbPb collisions, and also for very high-multiplicity pPb collisions. The eta-dependent factorization data provide new insights to the longitudinal evolution of the medium formed in heavy ion collisions.

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The $p_{T}$-dependent factorization ratio, $r_{2}$, as a function of $p^{a}_{T} - p^{b}_{T}$ for $1.0<p^{trig}_{T}<1.5$ GeV/c for centrality 0-0.2% in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV.

The $p_{T}$-dependent factorization ratio, $r_{2}$, as a function of $p^{a}_{T} - p^{b}_{T}$ for $1.5<p^{trig}_{T}<2.0$ GeV/c for centrality 0-0.2% in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV.

The $p_{T}$-dependent factorization ratio, $r_{2}$, as a function of $p^{a}_{T} - p^{b}_{T}$ for $2.0<p^{trig}_{T}<2.5$ GeV/c for centrality 0-0.2% in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV.

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