The process $e^+e^- \to \pi^0\gamma$ has been studied in the experiment with the SND detector at the VEPP-2M $e^+e^-$ collider. The $e^+e^- \to \pi^0\gamma$ cross section has been measured in the center-of-mass energy range from 0.60 to 1.38 GeV. The cross section is well described by the vector meson dominance model. From the fit to the cross section data we have determined the branching fractions $B(\rho\to\pi^0\gamma)=(4.20\pm0.52)\times10^{-4}$, $B(\omega\to\pi^0\gamma)=(8.88\pm0.18)\%$, $B(\phi\to\pi^0\gamma)=(1.367\pm0.072)\times10^{-3}$, and the relative phase between the $\rho$ and $\omega$ amplitudes $\varphi_{\rho}=(-12.7\pm4.5)^\circ$. Our data on the process $e^+e^- \to \pi^0\gamma$ are the most accurate to date.
The c.m.energy ($E$), integrated luminosity ($L$), detection efficiency ($\varepsilon$), number of selected signal events ($N_{\rm sig}$), radiative-correction factor ($1+\delta$), measured Born cross section ($\sigma$). For the cross section the first error is statistical, the second is systematic.
We study the process e+e- -> pi+pi-pi+pi-gamma, with a photon emitted from the initial-state electron or positron, using 454.3 fb^-1 of data collected with the BABAR detector at SLAC, corresponding to approximately 260,000 signal events. We use these data to extract the non-radiative sigma(e+e- ->pi+pi-pi+pi-) cross section in the energy range from 0.6 to 4.5 Gev. The total uncertainty of the cross section measurement in the peak region is less than 3%, higher in precision than the corresponding results obtained from energy scan data.
The dressed and undressed cross sections for the reaction E+ E- --> PI+ PI- PI+ PI-. Statistical errors only.
Measurements are presented from proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 0.9, 2.36 and 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events were collected using a single-arm minimum-bias trigger. The charged-particle multiplicity, its dependence on transverse momentum and pseudorapidity and the relationship between the mean transverse momentum and charged-particle multiplicity are measured. Measurements in different regions of phase-space are shown, providing diffraction-reduced measurements as well as more inclusive ones. The observed distributions are corrected to well-defined phase-space regions, using model-independent corrections. The results are compared to each other and to various Monte Carlo models, including a new AMBT1 PYTHIA 6 tune. In all the kinematic regions considered, the particle multiplicities are higher than predicted by the Monte Carlo models. The central charged-particle multiplicity per event and unit of pseudorapidity, for tracks with pT >100 MeV, is measured to be 3.483 +- 0.009 (stat) +- 0.106 (syst) at sqrt(s) = 0.9 TeV and 5.630 +- 0.003 (stat) +- 0.169 (syst) at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV.
Charged-particle multiplicities in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of mass energy of 900 GeV as a function of pseudorapidity for events with the number of charged particles >=1 having transverse momentum >500 MeV and absolute(pseudorapidity) <2.5.
Charged-particle multiplicities in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of mass energy of 2360 GeV as a function of pseudorapidity for events with the number of charged particles >=1 having transverse momentum >500 MeV and absolute(pseudorapidity) <2.5.
Charged-particle multiplicities in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of mass energy of 7000 GeV as a function of pseudorapidity for events with the number of charged particles >=1 having transverse momentum >500 MeV and absolute(pseudorapidity) <2.5.
The first measurements from proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented. Data were collected in December 2009 using a minimum-bias trigger during collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 900 GeV. The charged-particle multiplicity, its dependence on transverse momentum and pseudorapidity, and the relationship between mean transverse momentum and charged-particle multiplicity are measured for events with at least one charged particle in the kinematic range |eta|<2.5 and pT>500 MeV. The measurements are compared to Monte Carlo models of proton-proton collisions and to results from other experiments at the same centre-of-mass energy. The charged-particle multiplicity per event and unit of pseudorapidity at eta = 0 is measured to be 1.333 +/- 0.003 (stat.) +/- 0.040 (syst.), which is 5-15% higher than the Monte Carlo models predict.
Average value of charged particle multiplicity per event and unit of pseudorapidity in the pseudorapidity range from -0.2 to 0.2.
Charged particle multiplicity as a function of pseudorapidity.
Charged particle multiplicity as a function of transverse momentum.
We present the first measurements of the double spin asymmetries A_NN and A_SS at sqrt{s}=200 GeV, obtained by the pp2pp experiment using polarized proton beams at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The data were collected in the four momentum transfer t range 0.01<|t|<0.03 (GeV/c)^2. The measured asymmetries, which are consistent with zero, allow us to estimate upper limits on the double helicity-flip amplitudes phi_2 and phi_4 at small t as well as on the difference Delta(sigma_T) between the total cross sections for transversely polarized protons with antiparallel or parallel spin orientations.
Double spin asymmetries.
Double spin asymmetries.
T dependence of the double spin asymmetry ASS3 with statistical errors only.
We present strange particle spectra and yields measured at mid-rapidity in $\sqrt{\text{s}}=200$ GeV proton-proton ($p+p$) collisions at RHIC. We find that the previously observed universal transverse mass ($\mathrm{m_{T}}\equiv\sqrt{\mathrm{p_{T}}^{2}+\mathrm{m}^{2}}$) scaling of hadron production in $p+p$ collisions seems to break down at higher \mt and that there is a difference in the shape of the \mt spectrum between baryons and mesons. We observe mid-rapidity anti-baryon to baryon ratios near unity for $\Lambda$ and $\Xi$ baryons and no dependence of the ratio on transverse momentum, indicating that our data do not yet reach the quark-jet dominated region. We show the dependence of the mean transverse momentum (\mpt) on measured charged particle multiplicity and on particle mass and infer that these trends are consistent with gluon-jet dominated particle production. The data are compared to previous measurements from CERN-SPS, ISR and FNAL experiments and to Leading Order (LO) and Next to Leading order (NLO) string fragmentation model predictions. We infer from these comparisons that the spectral shapes and particle yields from $p+p$ collisions at RHIC energies have large contributions from gluon jets rather than quark jets.
Corrected mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.5) pT spectra for $K^{+}$, $K^{−}$, $K^{0}_{S}$, Λ, Ξ, and Ω. Λ spectra that have been corrected for feed-down are shown as open symbols in the Λ panel. The dashed lines are fits using Equation 11 except for the $\Omega+\overline{\Omega}$ where the fit uses Equation 9. The error bars displayed include systematic errors while the fits were done using statistical errors only for all species except the charged kaons.
Corrected mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.5) pT spectra for $K^{+}$, $K^{−}$, $K^{0}_{S}$, Λ, Ξ, and Ω. Λ spectra that have been corrected for feed-down are shown as open symbols in the Λ panel. The dashed lines are fits using Equation 11 except for the $\Omega+\overline{\Omega}$ where the fit uses Equation 9. The error bars displayed include systematic errors while the fits were done using statistical errors only for all species except the charged kaons.
Corrected mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.5) pT spectra for $K^{+}$, $K^{−}$, $K^{0}_{S}$, Λ, Ξ, and Ω. Λ spectra that have been corrected for feed-down are shown as open symbols in the Λ panel. The dashed lines are fits using Equation 11 except for the $\Omega+\overline{\Omega}$ where the fit uses Equation 9. The error bars displayed include systematic errors while the fits were done using statistical errors only for all species except the charged kaons.
We report on the first measurement of the single spin analyzing power (A_N) at sqrt(s)=200GeV, obtained by the pp2pp experiment using polarized proton beams at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Data points were measured in the four momentum transfer t range 0.01 < |t| < 0.03 (GeV/c)^2. Our result, averaged over the whole t-interval is about one standard deviation above the calculation, which uses interference between electromagnetic spin-flip amplitude and hadronic non-flip amplitude, the source of A_N. The difference could be explained by an additional contribution of a hadronic spin-flip amplitude to A_N.
The single spin analyzing power for 3 T intervals.
Measurements of two-particle correlations on transverse momentum $p_t$ for Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 130$ GeV are presented. Significant large-momentum-scale correlations are observed for charged primary hadrons with $0.15 \leq p_t \leq 2$ GeV/$c$ and pseudorapidity $|\eta| \leq 1.3$. Such correlations were not observed in a similar study at lower energy and are not predicted by theoretical collision models. Their direct relation to mean-$p_t$ fluctuations measured in the same angular acceptance is demonstrated. Positive correlations are observed for pairs of particles which have large $p_t$ values while negative correlations occur for pairs in which one particle has large $p_t$ and the other has much lower $p_t$. The correlation amplitudes per final state particle increase with collision centrality. The observed correlations are consistent with a scenario in which the transverse momentum of hadrons associated with initial-stage semi-hard parton scattering is dissipated by the medium to lower $p_t$.
Symmetrized pair-density net ratios $\widehat{r} [X(p_{t1}),X(p_{t2})]-1$ for all nonidentified charged primary particles for most-central Au-Au collision events at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=130$ GeV.
Symmetrized pair-density net ratios $\widehat{r}[X(p_{t1}),X(p_{t2})]-1$ for all nonidentified charged primary particles for mid-central Au-Au collision events at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=130$ GeV.
Symmetrized pair-density net ratios $\widehat{r}[X(p_{t1}),X(p_{t2})]-1$ for all nonidentified charged primary particles for mid-peripheral Au-Au collision events at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=130$ GeV.
Transverse energy ($E_T$) distributions have been measured for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 200$ GeV by the STAR collaboration at RHIC. $E_T$ is constructed from its hadronic and electromagnetic components, which have been measured separately. $E_T$ production for the most central collisions is well described by several theoretical models whose common feature is large energy density achieved early in the fireball evolution. The magnitude and centrality dependence of $E_T$ per charged particle agrees well with measurements at lower collision energy, indicating that the growth in $E_T$ for larger collision energy results from the growth in particle production. The electromagnetic fraction of the total $E_T$ is consistent with a final state dominated by mesons and independent of centrality.
Typical MIP spectrum. The hits correspond to isolated tracks with p > 1.25 GeV/c which project to EMC towers. The peak corresponds to the energy deposited by non-showering hadrons (MIP peak).
$p/E_{tower}$ spectrum for electron candidates, selected through $dE/dx$ from the TPC, with 1.5 < p < 5.0 GeV/c. A well defined electron peak is observed. The dashed line corresponds to the hadronic background in the $dE/dx$-identified electron sample.
Upper plot: points are measured $p/E_{tower}$ electron peak position as a function of the distance to the center of the tower. The solid line is from a calculation based on a full GEANT simulation of the detector response to electrons. Lower plot: points show measured energy deposited by electrons in the tower as a function of the momentum for distances to the center of the tower smaller than 2.0 cm. The first point is the electron equivalent energy of the minimum ionizing particles. The solid line is a second order polynomial fit of the data.
We present the first measurements of charge-dependent correlations on angular difference variables $\eta_1 - \eta_2$ (pseudorapidity) and $\phi_1 - \phi_2$ (azimuth) for primary charged hadrons with transverse momentum $0.15 \leq p_t \leq 2$ GeV/$c$ and $|\eta| \leq 1.3$ from Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 130$ GeV. We observe correlation structures not predicted by theory but consistent with evolution of hadron emission geometry with increasing centrality from one-dimensional fragmentation of color strings along the beam direction to an at least two-dimensional hadronization geometry along the beam and azimuth directions of a hadron-opaque bulk medium.
Normalized LS pair-number ratios $\widehat{r} [X(p_{t1}),X(p_{t2})]-1$ for collisions in centrality class (a) (most-central) in $(\eta_{1},\eta_{2})$.
Normalized LS pair-number ratios $\widehat{r} [X(p_{t1}),X(p_{t2})]-1$ for collisions in centrality class (a) (most-central) in $(\phi_{1},\phi_{2})$.
Two-particle CD joint autocorrelations $\widehat{N}(\widehat{r}-1)$ on $(\eta_{\Delta}, \phi_{\Delta})$ for most-central collisions.
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