$\rho^0$ production cross section determined with the data set collected with trigger B, as a function of momentum transfer $t$, fitted with a double exponential fit function in the range $t < 0.1$. The statistical errors are shown. The ratio of incoherent to coherent cross sections is measured to be $0.20 \pm 0.8$. The fit parameters are shown in Table I.

Comparison of theoretical predictions to the measured total cross section for coherent $\rho^0$ production as a functionof $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ . The measured cross section is based on the dataset collected with trigger B. The error bars show the sum of the statistical and systematic uncertainties. See text for details.

Efficiency corrected pT spectra for the different centrality bins and for the various particles. Note that 7 centrality bins have been used for the KS0 and the Λ while only 6 and 3 have been used for the Ξ and Ω, respectively. Errors are statistical only. The Λ spectra are corrected for the feed-down of the Ξ decay.

Efficiency corrected pT spectra for the different centrality bins and for the various particles. Note that 7 centrality bins have been used for the KS0 and the Λ while only 6 and 3 have been used for the Ξ and Ω, respectively. Errors are statistical only. The Λ spectra are corrected for the feed-down of the Ξ decay.

Efficiency corrected pT spectra for the different centrality bins and for the various particles. Note that 7 centrality bins have been used for the KS0 and the Λ while only 6 and 3 have been used for the Ξ and Ω, respectively. Errors are statistical only. The Λ spectra are corrected for the feed-down of the Ξ decay.

Efficiency corrected pT spectra for the different centrality bins and for the various particles. Note that 7 centrality bins have been used for the KS0 and the Λ while only 6 and 3 have been used for the Ξ and Ω, respectively. Errors are statistical only. The Λ spectra are corrected for the feed-down of the Ξ decay.

Efficiency corrected pT spectra for the different centrality bins and for the various particles. Note that 7 centrality bins have been used for the KS0 and the Λ while only 6 and 3 have been used for the Ξ and Ω, respectively. Errors are statistical only. The Λ spectra are corrected for the feed-down of the Ξ decay.

Efficiency corrected pT spectra for the different centrality bins and for the various particles. Note that 7 centrality bins have been used for the KS0 and the Λ while only 6 and 3 have been used for the Ξ and Ω, respectively. Errors are statistical only. The Λ spectra are corrected for the feed-down of the Ξ decay.

Efficiency corrected pT spectra for the different centrality bins and for the various particles. Note that 7 centrality bins have been used for the KS0 and the Λ while only 6 and 3 have been used for the Ξ and Ω, respectively. Errors are statistical only. The Λ spectra are corrected for the feed-down of the Ξ decay.

Efficiency corrected pT spectra for the different centrality bins and for the various particles. Note that 7 centrality bins have been used for the KS0 and the Λ while only 6 and 3 have been used for the Ξ and Ω, respectively. Errors are statistical only. The Λ spectra are corrected for the feed-down of the Ξ decay.

Efficiency corrected pT spectra for the different centrality bins and for the various particles. Note that 7 centrality bins have been used for the KS0 and the Λ while only 6 and 3 have been used for the Ξ and Ω, respectively. Errors are statistical only. The Λ spectra are corrected for the feed-down of the Ξ decay.

Efficiency corrected pT spectra for the different centrality bins and for the various particles. Note that 7 centrality bins have been used for the KS0 and the Λ while only 6 and 3 have been used for the Ξ and Ω, respectively. Errors are statistical only. The Λ spectra are corrected for the feed-down of the Ξ decay.

Efficiency corrected pT spectra for the different centrality bins and for the various particles. Note that 7 centrality bins have been used for the KS0 and the Λ while only 6 and 3 have been used for the Ξ and Ω, respectively. Errors are statistical only. The Λ spectra are corrected for the feed-down of the Ξ decay.

Efficiency corrected pT spectra for the different centrality bins and for the various particles. Note that 7 centrality bins have been used for the KS0 and the Λ while only 6 and 3 have been used for the Ξ and Ω, respectively. Errors are statistical only. The Λ spectra are corrected for the feed-down of the Ξ decay.

Efficiency corrected pT spectra for the different centrality bins and for the various particles. Note that 7 centrality bins have been used for the KS0 and the Λ while only 6 and 3 have been used for the Ξ and Ω, respectively. Errors are statistical only. The Λ spectra are corrected for the feed-down of the Ξ decay.

Extrapolated average transverse momenta ⟨pT ⟩ as a function of dNch/dy for different particle species in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. Statistical uncertainties are represented by the error bars at the points while the systematic uncertainties are represented by the gray bars. The π, charged K and p data were extracted from Ref. [14].

Extrapolated average transverse momenta ⟨pT ⟩ as a function of dNch/dy for different particle species in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. Statistical uncertainties are represented by the error bars at the points while the systematic uncertainties are represented by the gray bars. The π, charged K and p data were extracted from Ref. [14].

KS0 dN/dpT spectra compared to the charged Kaon spectra for the event centrality of 0-5% and 30-40%. The charged Kaons data points are for rapidity range of |y| < 0.1 and were extracted from Ref. [14].

KS0 dN/dpT spectra compared to the charged Kaon spectra for the event centrality of 0-5% and 30-40%. The charged Kaons data points are for rapidity range of |y| < 0.1 and were extracted from Ref. [14].

KS0 dN/dpT spectra compared to the charged Kaon spectra for the event centrality of 0-5% and 30-40%. The charged Kaons data points are for rapidity range of |y| < 0.1 and were extracted from Ref. [14].

KS0 dN/dpT spectra compared to the charged Kaon spectra for the event centrality of 0-5% and 30-40%. The charged Kaons data points are for rapidity range of |y| < 0.1 and were extracted from Ref. [14].

Strange particle production yields at mid-rapidity in central Au+Au and Pb+Pb collisions versus the center of mass energy √sNN. The top panel shows results for K0S and Λ. The AGS values are from E896 [1] (centrality 0 − 5 %). The SPS values are from NA49 [20] (centrality 0 − 7 %) and the RHIC values are from STAR [4, 15] (centrality 0 − 5 %). For the multi-strange baryons Ξ and Ω (bottom panel), the SPS results are from NA57 [2] (centrality 0 − 11 %) and the RHIC values are from STAR [15, 21] (centrality 0 − 20 %).

Strange particle production yields at mid-rapidity in central Au+Au and Pb+Pb collisions versus the center of mass energy √sNN. The top panel shows results for K0S and Λ. The AGS values are from E896 [1] (centrality 0 − 5 %). The SPS values are from NA49 [20] (centrality 0 − 7 %) and the RHIC values are from STAR [4, 15] (centrality 0 − 5 %). For the multi-strange baryons Ξ and Ω (bottom panel), the SPS results are from NA57 [2] (centrality 0 − 11 %) and the RHIC values are from STAR [15, 21] (centrality 0 − 20 %).

Strange particle production yields at mid-rapidity in central Au+Au and Pb+Pb collisions versus the center of mass energy √sNN. The top panel shows results for K0S and Λ. The AGS values are from E896 [1] (centrality 0 − 5 %). The SPS values are from NA49 [20] (centrality 0 − 7 %) and the RHIC values are from STAR [4, 15] (centrality 0 − 5 %). For the multi-strange baryons Ξ and Ω (bottom panel), the SPS results are from NA57 [2] (centrality 0 − 11 %) and the RHIC values are from STAR [15, 21] (centrality 0 − 20 %).

Strange particle production yields at mid-rapidity in central Au+Au and Pb+Pb collisions versus the center of mass energy √sNN. The top panel shows results for K0S and Λ. The AGS values are from E896 [1] (centrality 0 − 5 %). The SPS values are from NA49 [20] (centrality 0 − 7 %) and the RHIC values are from STAR [4, 15] (centrality 0 − 5 %). For the multi-strange baryons Ξ and Ω (bottom panel), the SPS results are from NA57 [2] (centrality 0 − 11 %) and the RHIC values are from STAR [15, 21] (centrality 0 − 20 %).

Anti-baryon to baryon yield ratios for strange baryons versus the center of mass energy √sNN. Λ/Λ is shown in the top panel while the multi-strange baryons are on the bottom panel. The data from AGS are not corrected for the weak decay feed-down from the multistrange baryons while the data from SPS and RHIC are corrected. The lines are the results of a thermal model calculation (see text section IV A). The AGS values are from E896 [1] (centrality 0 − 5 %). The SPS values are from NA49 [20] (centrality 0 − 7 %) and the RHIC values are from STAR [4, 15] (centrality 0 − 5 %). For the multi- strange baryons Ξ and Ω (bottom panel), the SPS results are from NA57 [2] (centrality 0 − 11 %) and the RHIC values are from STAR [15, 21] (centrality 0 − 20 %).

Anti-baryon to baryon yield ratios for strange baryons versus the center of mass energy √sNN. Λ/Λ is shown in the top panel while the multi-strange baryons are on the bottom panel. The data from AGS are not corrected for the weak decay feed-down from the multistrange baryons while the data from SPS and RHIC are corrected. The lines are the results of a thermal model calculation (see text section IV A). The AGS values are from E896 [1] (centrality 0 − 5 %). The SPS values are from NA49 [20] (centrality 0 − 7 %) and the RHIC values are from STAR [4, 15] (centrality 0 − 5 %). For the multi- strange baryons Ξ and Ω (bottom panel), the SPS results are from NA57 [2] (centrality 0 − 11 %) and the RHIC values are from STAR [15, 21] (centrality 0 − 20 %).

Antibaryon-to-baryon yield ratios for strange particles and protons as a function of dNch/dy at √sNN=62.4 and 200 GeV. The p data were extracted from Ref. [14]. The √sNN=200 GeV strange hadron data were extracted from Ref. [15].

Antibaryon-to-baryon yield ratios for strange particles and protons as a function of dNch/dy at √sNN=62.4 and 200 GeV. The p data were extracted from Ref. [14]. The √sNN=200 GeV strange hadron data were extracted from Ref. [15].

Particle-yield ratios as obtained by measurements (black dots) for the most central (0–5%) Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV and statistical model predictions (lines). The ratios indicated by the dashed lines (blue) were obtained by using only π, K, and protons, whereas the ratios indicated by the full lines (green) were obtained by also using the hyperons in the fit.

Particle-yield ratios as obtained by measurements (black dots) for the most central (0–5%) Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV and statistical model predictions (lines). The ratios indicated by the dashed lines (blue) were obtained by using only π, K, and protons, whereas the ratios indicated by the full lines (green) were obtained by also using the hyperons in the fit.

Chemical freeze-out temperature Tch (a) and strangeness saturation factor γs (b) as a function of the mean number of participants.

Chemical freeze-out temperature Tch (a) and strangeness saturation factor γs (b) as a function of the mean number of participants.

Chemical freeze-out temperature Tch (a) and strangeness saturation factor γs (b) as a function of the mean number of participants.

Chemical freeze-out temperature Tch (a) and strangeness saturation factor γs (b) as a function of the mean number of participants.

Temperature and baryon chemical potential obtained from thermal model fits as a function of √sNN (see Ref. [22]). The dashed lines correspond to the parametrizations given in Ref. [22]. The solid stars show the result for √sNN=62.4 and 200 GeV.

Temperature and baryon chemical potential obtained from thermal model fits as a function of √sNN (see Ref. [22]). The dashed lines correspond to the parametrizations given in Ref. [22]. The solid stars show the result for √sNN=62.4 and 200 GeV.

Temperature and baryon chemical potential obtained from thermal model fits as a function of √sNN (see Ref. [22]). The dashed lines correspond to the parametrizations given in Ref. [22]. The solid stars show the result for √sNN=62.4 and 200 GeV.

Temperature and baryon chemical potential obtained from thermal model fits as a function of √sNN (see Ref. [22]). The dashed lines correspond to the parametrizations given in Ref. [22]. The solid stars show the result for √sNN=62.4 and 200 GeV.

Ratio of baryon (solid symbols) and antibaryon (open symbols) to π+ as a function of dNch/dy for √sNN=62.4 GeV (left) and √sNN=200 GeV (right). The π and p data were extracted from Ref. [14].

Ratio of baryon (solid symbols) and antibaryon (open symbols) to π- as a function of dNch/dy for √sNN=62.4 GeV (left) and √sNN=200 GeV (right). The π and p data were extracted from Ref. [14].

Ratio of baryon (solid symbols) and antibaryon (open symbols) to π+ as a function of dNch/dy for √sNN=62.4 GeV (left) and √sNN=200 GeV (right). The π and p data were extracted from Ref. [14].

Ratio of baryon (solid symbols) and antibaryon (open symbols) to π- as a function of dNch/dy for √sNN=62.4 GeV (left) and √sNN=200 GeV (right). The π and p data were extracted from Ref. [14].

Ratio of baryon (solid symbols) and antibaryon (open symbols) to π+ as a function of dNch/dy for √sNN=62.4 GeV (left) and √sNN=200 GeV (right). The π and p data were extracted from Ref. [14].

Ratio of baryon (solid symbols) and antibaryon (open symbols) to π- as a function of dNch/dy for √sNN=62.4 GeV (left) and √sNN=200 GeV (right). The π and p data were extracted from Ref. [14].

Ratio of baryon (solid symbols) and antibaryon (open symbols) to π+ as a function of dNch/dy for √sNN=62.4 GeV (left) and √sNN=200 GeV (right). The π and p data were extracted from Ref. [14].

Ratio of baryon (solid symbols) and antibaryon (open symbols) to π- as a function of dNch/dy for √sNN=62.4 GeV (left) and √sNN=200 GeV (right). The π and p data were extracted from Ref. [14].

Ratio of baryon (solid symbols) and antibaryon (open symbols) to π− as a function of √sNN. The lines are the results of the thermal model calculation (see text Sec. 4a). The SPS values are from NA49 [20] (centrality 0–7%) and the RHIC values are from STAR [4, 15] (centrality 0–5%). For the multistrange baryons Ξ and Ω (bottom), the SPS results are from NA57 [2] (centrality 0–11%) and the RHIC values are from STAR [15, 21] (centrality 0–20%).

Ratio of baryon (solid symbols) and antibaryon (open symbols) to π− as a function of √sNN. The lines are the results of the thermal model calculation (see text Sec. 4a). The SPS values are from NA49 [20] (centrality 0–7%) and the RHIC values are from STAR [4, 15] (centrality 0–5%). For the multistrange baryons Ξ and Ω (bottom), the SPS results are from NA57 [2] (centrality 0–11%) and the RHIC values are from STAR [15, 21] (centrality 0–20%).

Nuclear modification factor RCP, calculated as the ratio between 0–10% central spectra and 40–80% peripheral spectra, for π, K0S, Λ, and Ξ particles in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The π RCP values were extracted from Ref. [10]. The gray band on the right side of the plot shows the uncertainties on the estimation of the number of binary collisions and the gray band on the lower left side indicates the uncertainties on the number of participants.

Nuclear modification factor RCP, calculated as the ratio between 0–10% central spectra and 40–80% peripheral spectra, for π, K0S, Λ, and Ξ particles in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The π RCP values were extracted from Ref. [10]. The gray band on the right side of the plot shows the uncertainties on the estimation of the number of binary collisions and the gray band on the lower left side indicates the uncertainties on the number of participants.

Nuclear modification factor RCP, calculated as the ratio between 0–5% central spectra and 40–60% peripheral spectra, for Λ and Ξ particles measured in Au + Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The gray band corresponds to the equivalent RCP curve for the Λ particles measured in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV [15].

Nuclear modification factor RCP, calculated as the ratio between 0–5% central spectra and 40–60% peripheral spectra, for Λ and Ξ particles measured in Au + Au collisions at 62.4 GeV. The gray band corresponds to the equivalent RCP curve for the Λ particles measured in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV [15].

Λ/K0S ratio as a function of transverse momentum for different centrality classes. 0–5% (solid circles), 40–60% (open squares), and 60–80% (solid triangles) in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV.

Λ/K0S ratio as a function of transverse momentum for different centrality classes. 0–5% (solid circles), 40–60% (open squares), and 60–80% (solid triangles) in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV.

Maximum value of the Λ/K0S ratio from Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV (solid circles) and 200 GeV (open circles) [11] as a function of ⟨Npart⟩ for different centrality classes. The lowest ⟨Npart⟩ point corresponds to p+p collisions at 200 GeV [44]. The maximum of the Λ––/K0S from Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV is shown as solid triangles.

Maximum value of the Λ/K0S ratio from Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV (solid circles) and 200 GeV (open circles) [11] as a function of ⟨Npart⟩ for different centrality classes. The lowest ⟨Npart⟩ point corresponds to p+p collisions at 200 GeV [44]. The maximum of the Λ––/K0S from Au+Au collisions at 62.4 GeV is shown as solid triangles.

Longitudinal single-spin asymmetry, AL, for W± events as a function of the leptonic pseudorapidity, $\eta_e$, for 25 < $E^e_T$ < 50 GeV in comparison to theory predictions

Longitudinal single-spin asymmetry, AL, for W± events as a function of the leptonic pseudorapidity, $\eta_e$, for 25 < $E^e_T$ < 50 GeV in comparison to theory predictions

The K$\pi$ pair invariant mass distribution integrated over the $K^{*0}$ $p_T$ for minimum bias Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ =62.4 GeV after mixed-event background subtraction.

The Kπ pair invariant mass distribution for various pT bins (top left) pT = 0.4–0.6 GeV/c in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV after the mixed-event background subtraction.

The Kπ pair invariant mass distribution for various pT bins (top right) pT = 0.6–0.8 GeV/c in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV after the mixed-event background subtraction.

The Kπ pair invariant mass distribution for various pT bins (bottom left) pT = 0.8–1.0 GeV/c in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV after the mixed-event background subtraction.

The Kπ pair invariant mass distribution for various pT bins (bottom right) pT = 1.0–1.2 GeV/c in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV after the mixed-event background subtraction.

The signal-to-background ratio for $K^{*0}$ measurements as a function of $p_T$ for different collision centrality bins (0-10%, 10-40%, 40-60%, 60-80%) in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV.

$K^{*0}$ mass as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

$K^{*0}$ mass as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

$K^{*0}$ mass as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV

$K^{*0}$ mass as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

$K^{*0}$ width as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV

$K^{*0}$ width as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

$K^{*0}$ width as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV

$K^{*0}$ width as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

The $K^{*0}$ reconstruction efficiency multiplied by the detector acceptance as a function of $p_T$ in Au+Au (|$\eta$| < 0.8) collisions at 200 GeV for different collision centrality bins (0-20% ,20-40% , 40-60%)

The $K^{*0}$ reconstruction efficiency multiplied by the detector acceptance as a function of $p_T$ in Cu+Cu (|$\eta$| < 1.0) collisions at 200 GeV for different collision centrality bins (0-20% ,20-40% , 40-60%)

Mid-rapidity $K^{*0}$ $p_T$ spectra for various collision centrality bins (0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60%, 60-80%) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV

Mid-rapidity $K^{*0}$ $p_T$ spectra for various collision centrality bins (0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60%) in Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV

Mid-rapidity $K^{*0}$ $p_T$ spectra for various collision centrality bins (0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60%, 60-80%) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

Mid-rapidity $K^{*0}$ $p_T$ spectra for various collision centrality bins (0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60%) in Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

The mid-rapidity yields dN/dy of $K^{*0}$ as a function of the average number of participating nucleons, $⟨N_{part}⟩$, for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV

The mid-rapidity yields dN/dy of $K^{*0}$ as a function of the average number of participating nucleons, $⟨N_{part}⟩$, for Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV

The mid-rapidity yields dN/dy of $K^{*0}$ as a function of the average number of participating nucleons, $⟨N_{part}⟩$, for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

The mid-rapidity yields dN/dy of $K^{*0}$ as a function of the average number of participating nucleons, $⟨N_{part}⟩$, for Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

The mid-rapidity $K^{*0}$ $⟨p_T⟩$ as a function $⟨N_{part}⟩$ for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV

The mid-rapidity $K^{*0}$ $⟨p_T⟩$ as a function $⟨N_{part}⟩$ for Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV

The mid-rapidity $K^{*0}$ $⟨p_T⟩$ as a function $⟨N_{part}⟩$ for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

The mid-rapidity $K^{*0}$ $⟨p_T⟩$ as a function $⟨N_{part}⟩$ for Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV

The mid-rapidity $⟨p_T⟩$ of $\pi$, K, p and $K^{*0}$ as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$ for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})/N(K^-)$ ratio for Au+Au at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})/N(K^-)$ ratio for Cu+Cu at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})/N(K^-)$ ratio for Au+Au at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})/N(K^-)$ ratio for Cu+Cu at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})N(K^-)$ in Au+Au collisions divided by $N(K^{*0})N(K^-)$ ratio in p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$.

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})N(K^-)$ in Cu+Cu collisions divided by $N(K^{*0})N(K^-)$ ratio in p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})N(K^-)$ in d+Au collisions divided by $N(K^{*0})N(K^-)$ ratio in d+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})/N(K^-)$ ratio in minimum bias Au+Au collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}.

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})/N(K^-)$ ratio in minimum bias Cu+Cu collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}.

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})/N(K^-)$ ratio in minimum bias p+p collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}.

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})/N(K^-)$ ratio in minimum bias Au+Au collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}.

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})/N(K^-)$ ratio in minimum bias Cu+Cu collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}.

Mid-rapidity $N(K^{*0})/N(K^-)$ ratio in minimum bias p+p collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}.

Mid-rapidity $N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})$ ratio for Au+Au at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})$ ratio for Cu+Cu at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})$ ratio for Au+Au at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})$ ratio for Cu+Cu at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $[N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})]$ in Au+Au collisions divided by $[N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})]$ ratio in p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $[N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})]$ in Cu+Cu collisions divided by $[N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})]$ ratio in p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $[N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})]$ in d+Au collisions divided by $[N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})]$ ratio in p+p collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV as a function of $⟨N_{part}⟩$

Mid-rapidity $N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})$ ratio in minimum bias Au+Au collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$.

Mid-rapidity $N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})$ ratio in minimum bias Cu+Cu collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$.

Mid-rapidity $N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})$ ratio in minimum bias p+p collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$.

Mid-rapidity $N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})$ ratio in minimum bias Au+Au collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$.

Mid-rapidity $N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})$ ratio in minimum bias Cu+Cu collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$.

Mid-rapidity $N(\phi)/N(K^{*0})$ ratio in minimum bias p+p collisions as a function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$.

The $K^{*0}$ $v_2$ (Run IV) as a function of $p_T$ in minimum bias Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

The $K^{*0}$ $v_2$ (Run II) as a function of $p_T$ in minimum bias Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

The $K^{*0}$ $R_{CP}$ as a function of $p_T$ in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV compared to the $R_{CP}$ of $K^0_S$ and $\Lambda$ at 200 GeV.

The $K^{*0}$ $R_{CP}$ as a function of $p_T$ in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV compared to the $R_{CP}$ of $K^0_S$ and $\Lambda$ at 200 GeV.

The $K^{*0}$ $R_{CP}$ as a function of $p_T$ in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV compared to the $R_{CP}$ of $K^0_S$ and $\Lambda$ at 200 GeV.

The $K^{*0}$ ~$R_{CP}$~ as a function of $p_T$ in Au+Au collisions at 62.4 and 200 GeV compared to the $R_{CP}$ of $K^0_S$ and $\Lambda$ at 200 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

Centrality dependence of moments of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions from Lattice QCD Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations for net-baryon.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations for net-proton (No Decay).

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

Centrality dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV from Transport Model Calculations.

$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for net proton distributions measured at RHIC. The results are STAR data.

$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for net proton distributions measured at RHIC. The results are from UrQMD net-proton.

$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for net proton distributions measured at RHIC. The results are from AMPT default net-proton.

$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for net proton distributions measured at RHIC. The results are from AMPT String Melting net-proton.

$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for net proton distributions measured at RHIC. The results are from Therminator net-proton.

$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ dependence of $\kappa\sigma^2$ for net proton distributions measured at RHIC. The results are from Hijing net-proton.

Nuclear modification factor $R_{dA}$ for $\pi^0$, d + Au, compared to the STAR $\pi^{+-}$ [23,24] and PHENIX $\pi^0$ measurements [27,28]. Nucleon-nucleon inelastic cross section $\sigma^{NN}$ = 42 mb and expected number of collisions $<N_{coll}>$ = 7.5 +- 0.4 from Glauber model. Shaded bands in plot are $p_T$-correlated systematic uncertainties and the error bars are statistical uncertainties. Normalization uncertainty of 14.0% indicated by a shaded band around unity.

Nuclear modification factor $R_{dA}$ for eta, d + Au, compared to PHENIX $\eta$ measurements [27,28]. Nucleon-nucleon inelastic cross section $\sigma^{NN}$ = 42 mb and expected number of collisions $<N_{coll}>$ = 7.5 +- 0.4 from Glauber model. Shaded bands in plot are $p_T$-correlated systematic uncertainties and the error bars are statistical uncertainties. Normalization uncertainty of 14.0% indicated by a shaded band around unity.

Nuclear modification factor $R_{CP}$ for $\pi^0$ measured in d + Au collisions, compared to STAR $\pi^{+-}$ measurements [24]. Peripheral d + Au collisions were used where $R_{CP}$ = ratio of particle production in 40-100% centrality (P) events and 0-20% centrality (C) events. Shaded bands in plot are $p_T$-correlated systematic uncertainties and the error bars are statistical uncertainties. Normalization uncertainty of 11.0% indicated by a shaded band around unity.

Direct photon yield in p + p collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV in terms of the double ration $R_{\gamma}$. Shaded bands in plot are $p_T$-correlated systematic uncertainties and the error bars are statistical uncertainties. The curves correspond to NLO pQCD calculations of the differential cross sections for direct photon [68] and $\pi^0$ [52] production in p + p collisions for different factorization scales $\mu$ (the upper pQCD curve corresponds to $\mu$ = $p_T$/2). The upper limit of the fractional neutral hadron contamination $C_0$ is shown as the shaded band at $R_{\gamma}$ = 0.

Direct photon yield in d + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV in terms of the double ration $R_{\gamma}$. Shaded bands in plot are $p_T$-correlated systematic uncertainties and the error bars are statistical uncertainties. The curves correspond to NLO pQCD calculations of the differential cross sections for direct photon [68] and $\pi^0$ [52] production in p + p collisions for different factorization scales $\mu$ (the upper pQCD curve corresponds to $\mu$ = $p_T$/2). The upper limit of the fractional neutral hadron contamination $C_0$ is shown as the shaded band at $R_{\gamma}$ = 0.

Cross sections for direct photon production at midrapidity in p + p and d + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV, compared to the PHENIX measurement [29] and to the NLO pQCD calculation [68], which was scaled with $<T_{dA}>$ [Eq. (23)] in case of d + Au collisions. The error bars are statistical the shaded bands are $p_T$-correlated systematic uncertainties. The arrows correspond to the 95% confidence limits, as defined in the text. Normalization uncertainties of 11.7% for p+p and 5.3% for d+Au are not shown. Separate columns in the table show upper 95% confidence limits. The 95% confidence limits for the cross section are used when $R_{\gamma}$ did not correspond to a significant direct photon signal, assuming that the statistical and systematic errors both followed a Gaussian distribution, and using the fact that $R_{\gamma}\geq 1$ by definition.

Background-subtracted charge-independent (AAT ) correlated hadron pair density in 40-80% Au+Au collisions for 3<p(t)⊥<10 GeV/cand 1<p(a)⊥<3 GeV/c. The results are for near-side correlated hadrons within |∆φ1,2|<0.7, and corrected for the 3-particle ∆η-∆η acceptance. Statistical errors at (∆η1,∆η2)∼(0,0)are approximately 0.058 for Au+Au respectively..

Background-subtracted charge-independent (AAT ) correlated hadron pair density in 0-12% Au+Au collisions for 3<p(t)⊥<10 GeV/cand 1<p(a)⊥<3 GeV/c. The results are for near-side correlated hadrons within |∆φ1,2|<0.7, and corrected for the 3-particle ∆η-∆η acceptance. Statistical errors at (∆η1,∆η2)∼(0,0)are approximately 0.084 for Au+Au respectively..

The average correlated hadron pair density per trigger particle as a function of R for all charges in minimum 0-12% Au+Au collision. The average〈ˆP〉for AAT as a function of R = $\sqrt{∆η21+ ∆η22}$. The average density is peaked at R∼0 and decreases with R for all systems. In 0-12% Au+Au collisions, the average denstiy drops more slowly andbecomes approximately constant aboveR>1, indicatingthe presence of the ridge.

The average correlated hadron pair density per trigger particle as a function of R for all charges in minimum 40-80% Au+Au collision. The average〈ˆP〉for AAT as a function of R = $\sqrt{∆η21+ ∆η22}$. The average density is peaked at R∼0 and decreases with R for all systems. For 40-80% Au+Au collisions the average density at R>1 is consistent with zero, indicating no ridge contribution

The average correlated hadron pair density per trigger particle as a function of R for all charges in minimum d+Au collision. The average〈ˆP〉for AAT as a function of R = $\sqrt{∆η21+ ∆η22}$. The average density is peaked at R∼0 and decreases with R for all systems. For d+Au collisions the average density at R>1 is consistent with zero, indicating no ridge contribution

Radial dependence of average 3-particle correlation pair density for 0-12% Au+Au (like-sign triplets) data. The results are shown in Fig. 3(b) Indeed, no jet-like component is apparent in A^±A^±T^±.The A^±A^±T^∓ result contains both jet-like and ridge components.

Radial dependence of average 3-particle correlation pair density for 40-80% Au+Au (like-sign triplets) data. The contribution from other charge combinations, namely A^±A^∓ T^±, are simply the difference between AAT in Fig.3(a) and (A^±A^±T^± + A^±A^± T^∓) in Fig. 3(b). We found this to be equal to twice the A^±A^± T^∓contribution within errors.

Radial dependence of average 3-particle correlation pair density for d+Au (AAT) data. We expect the ridge contributions in the correlated pair density to be the same in all charge combinations. We verified this for large ∆η correlatedpair densities within our current statistics, as can be seen from Fig. 3(b). Therefore the total ridge particle pair density (ˆPrr) can be obtained as four times A^±A^±T^±. The remaining jet-like signal, the sum of jet-like correlated particle pairs (ˆPjj) and cross pairs of a jet-like and a ridge particle (ˆPjr), can then be obtained by subtracting the total ridge from AAT.

for same-sign associated particles (A^\pm A^\pm T^\pm and A^\pm A^\pm T^\mp) in 0-12% Au+Au collisions Systematic uncertainties are shown in the shaded boxes due to background normalization and in the solid curves due to flow.

The R dependence of the average〈ˆPrr〉and〈ˆPjj〉+〈ˆPjr〉in 0-12% Au+Au collisions.The ridge pair density is consistent with a constant 60.14±0.02 (χ2/ndf=5.8/7). Gaussian fits indicate a best fit value σ = 2.1 (χ2/ndf=4.8/6, solid curve) and σ >1.4 (dashed curve) with 84% confidence level. On the otherhand, the jet-like component is narrow with a Gaussianσ=0.34+0.13−0.09(χ2/ndf=0.8/6, dominated by statistical errors), comparing well to those from the correlated single hadron density.

The average correlated hadron pair density per trigger particle in 0-12% Au+Au collisions for the jet-like andridge components as a function of R. The solid curves are Gaussian fits. The dashed curve is a Gaussian fit with a fixed σ=1.4 to the ridge data. The systematic uncertainities on the ridge data are shown in shaded boxes due to background normalization and in open boxes due to flow.

The R dependence of the average in 0-12% Au+Au collisions.for the ridge as a function of ξ within R<1.4. The solid curves are Gaussian fits. To investigate possible structures in the ridge, we show in Fig. 4(b) the average ridge particle pair density as a function of ξ = arctan(∆η2/∆η1) within R<1.4. The data are consistent with a uniform distribution in ξ(χ2/ndf=1.7/7). This suggests that the ridge particles are uncorrelated in ∆η not only with the trigger particle but also between themselves. In other words,the ridge appears to be uniform in ∆η event-by-event.

The spin transfer $D_{LL}$ to (a) $\Lambda$ and (b) $\bar{\Lambda}$ hyperons produced at positive pseudorapidity with respect to the polarized proton beam from $MB$, $JP$, and $HT$ data versus hyperon transverse momenta $p_{T}$. The sizes of the statistical and systematic uncertainties are indicated by the vertical bars and bands, respectively. For clarity, the HT data points have been shifted slightly in $p_{T}$. The dotted vertical lines indicate the $p_{T}$ intervals in the analysis of HT and JP data.

Comparison of $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda}$ spin transfer $D_{LL}$ in polarized proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 200 GeV$ for (a) positive and (b) negative $\eta$ versus $p_{T}$. The vertical bars and bands indicate the sizes of the statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively. The $\bar{\Lambda}$ data points have been shifted slightly in $p_{T}$ for clarity. The dotted vertical lines indicate the $p_{T}$ intervals in the analysis of HT and JP data. The horizontal lines show model predictions evaluated at $\eta$ and largest $p_{T}$ of the data.

Comparison of $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda}$ spin transfer $D_{LL}$ in polarized proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 200$ GeV for (a) positive and (b) negative $\eta$ versus $p_{T}$. The vertical bars and bands indicate the sizes of the statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively. The $\bar{\Lambda}$ data points have been shifted slightly in $p_{T}$ for clarity. The dotted vertical lines indicate the $p_{T}$ intervals in the analysis of HT and JP data. The horizontal lines show model predictions evaluated at $\eta$ and largest $p_{T}$ of the data.

The spin transfer $D_{LL}$ to (a) $\Lambda$ and (b) $\bar{\Lambda}$ hyperons, calculated using the new $\alpha_\Lambda=0.732$ updated on PDG2020, produced at positive pseudorapidity with respect to the polarized proton beam from $MB$, $JP$, and $HT$ data versus hyperon transverse momenta $p_{T}$. The sizes of the statistical and systematic uncertainties are indicated by the vertical bars and bands, respectively. For clarity, the HT data points have been shifted slightly in $p_{T}$. The dotted vertical lines indicate the $p_{T}$ intervals in the analysis of HT and JP data.

The spin transfer $D_{LL}$ to (a) $\Lambda$ and (b) $\bar{\Lambda}$ hyperons, calculated using the new $\alpha_\Lambda=0.732$ updated on PDG2020, produced at positive pseudorapidity with respect to the polarized proton beam from $MB$, $JP$, and $HT$ data versus hyperon transverse momenta $p_{T}$. The sizes of the statistical and systematic uncertainties are indicated by the vertical bars and bands, respectively. For clarity, the HT data points have been shifted slightly in $p_{T}$. The dotted vertical lines indicate the $p_{T}$ intervals in the analysis of HT and JP data.

Comparison of $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda}$ spin transfer $D_{LL}$, calculated using the new $\alpha_\Lambda=0.732$ updated on PDG2020, in polarized proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 200$ GeV for (a) positive and (b) negative $\eta$ versus $p_{T}$. The vertical bars and bands indicate the sizes of the statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively. The $\bar{\Lambda}$ data points have been shifted slightly in $p_{T}$ for clarity. The dotted vertical lines indicate the $p_{T}$ intervals in the analysis of HT and JP data. The horizontal lines show model predictions evaluated at $\eta$ and largest $p_{T}$ of the data.