Fig. 2. (Color online.) Event-by-event photon multiplicity distributions (solid circles) for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV} .$ The distributions for top $0-5 \%$ central $\mathrm{Au}+$ Au collisions and top $0-10 \%$ central $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions are also shown (open circles). The photon multiplicity distributions for central collisions are observed to be Gaussian (solid line). Only statistical errors are shown. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 2. (Color online.) Event-by-event photon multiplicity distributions (solid circles) for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV} .$ The distributions for top $0-5 \%$ central $\mathrm{Au}+$ Au collisions and top $0-10 \%$ central $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions are also shown (open circles). The photon multiplicity distributions for central collisions are observed to be Gaussian (solid line). Only statistical errors are shown. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 2. (Color online.) Event-by-event photon multiplicity distributions (solid circles) for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV} .$ The distributions for top $0-5 \%$ central $\mathrm{Au}+$ Au collisions and top $0-10 \%$ central $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions are also shown (open circles). The photon multiplicity distributions for central collisions are observed to be Gaussian (solid line). Only statistical errors are shown. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 3. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200\mathrm{GeV}$. The results for several centrality classes are shown. The solid curves are results of HIJING simulations for central $(0-5 \%$ for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $0-10 \%$ for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu})$ and $30-40 \%$ mid-central collisions. The errors shown are systematic, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 3. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200\mathrm{GeV}$. The results for several centrality classes are shown. The solid curves are results of HIJING simulations for central $(0-5 \%$ for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $0-10 \%$ for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu})$ and $30-40 \%$ mid-central collisions. The errors shown are systematic, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 3. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200\mathrm{GeV}$. The results for several centrality classes are shown. The solid curves are results of HIJING simulations for central $(0-5 \%$ for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $0-10 \%$ for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu})$ and $30-40 \%$ mid-central collisions. The errors shown are systematic, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 3. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200\mathrm{GeV}$. The results for several classes are shown. The solid curves are results of HIJING simulations for central $(0-5 \%$ for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $0-10 \%$ for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu})$ and $30-40 \%$ mid-central collisions. The errors shown are systematic, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 4. (Color online.) Top panel: The number of photons divided by $\left\langle N_{\text{part}}\right\rangle / 2$ as a function of average number of participating nucleons for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s} _{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV}$ for $-3.7<\eta<-2.3 .$ Errors shown are systematic only and include those for $\left\langle N_{\text {part }}\right\rangle .$ Results from HIJING are shown as lines (solid for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and dashed for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ ). Bottom panel: Same as above, for both photons and charged particles from PHOBOS [10]. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 4. (Color online.) Top panel: The number of photons divided by $\left\langle N_{\text{part}}\right\rangle / 2$ as a function of average number of participating nucleons for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s} _{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV}$ for $-3.7<\eta<-2.3 .$ Errors shown are systematic only and include those for $\left\langle N_{\text {part }}\right\rangle .$ Results from HIJING are shown as lines (solid for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and dashed for $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ ). Bottom panel: Same as above, for both photons and charged particles from PHOBOS [10]. NOTE: For points with invisible error bars, the point size was considered as an absolute upper limit for the uncertainty.

Fig. 5. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions normalized by the average number of participating nucleon pairs for different collision centralities are plotted as a function of pseudorapidity shifted by the beam rapidity (-5.36 for $200 \mathrm{GeV}$ and -4.19 for $62.4 \mathrm{GeV}$ ) for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV}$. Errors are systematic only, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. For clarity of presentation, results for only four centralities are shown. The $\mathrm{Cu}+$ Cu data are shifted by 0.1 unit in $\eta-y_{\text {beam }} .$ The solid line is a second order polynomial fit to the data (see text for details).

Fig. 5. (Color online.) Photon pseudorapidity distributions normalized by the average number of participating nucleon pairs for different collision centralities are plotted as a function of pseudorapidity shifted by the beam rapidity (-5.36 for $200 \mathrm{GeV}$ and -4.19 for $62.4 \mathrm{GeV}$ ) for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4$ and $200 \mathrm{GeV}$. Errors are systematic only, statistical errors are negligible in comparison. For clarity of presentation, results for only four centralities are shown. The $\mathrm{Cu}+$ Cu data are shifted by 0.1 unit in $\eta-y_{\text {beam }} .$ The solid line is a second order polynomial fit to the data (see text for details).

$P_{\rm H}$ measurements are shown as a function of hyperon $p_{\rm T}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=19.6 and 27 GeV. Statistical uncertainties are represented as lines while systematic uncertainties are represented as boxes. There is no observed dependence of $P_{\rm H}$ on $p_{\rm T}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=19.6 or 27 GeV, consistent with previous observations.

$P_{\rm H}$ measurements are shown as a function of hyperon $y$ at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=19.6 and 27 GeV. Statistical uncertainties are represented as lines while systematic uncertainties are represented as boxes. The data set at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$=19.6 GeV takes advantage of STAR upgrades to reach larger $|y|$.

Signal-to-background (S/B) ratio as a function of transverse momentum, Au+Au 62.4 GeV, 0-60% central events with minimum bias trigger

Inclusive electron elliptic flow v2\{2\} as a function of transverse momentum, Au+Au 200 GeV, 0-60% central events with minimum bias trigger

Inclusive electron elliptic flow v2\{4\} as a function of transverse momentum, Au+Au 200 GeV, 0-60% central events with minimum bias trigger

Inclusive electron elliptic flow v2\{2\} as a function of transverse momentum, Au+Au 39 GeV, 0-60% central events with minimum bias trigger

Inclusive electron elliptic flow v2\{2\} as a function of transverse momentum, Au+Au 62.4 GeV, 0-60% central events with minimum bias trigger

Inclusive electron elliptic flow v2\{2\} as a function of transverse momentum, Au+Au 200 GeV, 0-60% central events with High Tower (high pT) trigger

Photonic electron elliptic flow v2 as a function of transverse momentum, Au+Au 39 GeV, 0-60% central events with minimum bias trigger

Photonic electron elliptic flow v2 as a function of transverse momentum, Au+Au 62.4 GeV, 0-60% central events with minimum bias trigger

Photonic electron elliptic flow v2 as a function of transverse momentum, Au+Au 200 GeV, 0-60% central events with minimum bias trigger

Elliptic flow v2\{2\} of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays, Au+Au 200 GeV, 0-60% central events with minimum bias trigger

Elliptic flow v2\{4\} of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays, Au+Au 200 GeV, 0-60% central events with minimum bias trigger

Elliptic flow v2\{2\} of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays, Au+Au 200 GeV, 0-60% central events with High Tower (high pT) trigger

Elliptic flow v2\{EP\} of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays, Au+Au 200 GeV, 0-60% central events with High Tower (high pT) trigger

Elliptic flow v2\{2\} of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays, Au+Au 39 GeV, 0-60% central events with minimum bias trigger

Elliptic flow v2\{2}\ of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays, Au+Au 62.4 GeV, 0-60% central events with minimum bias trigger

$\langle cos(\phi_{\alpha}+\phi_{\beta}−2\phi_{c})\rangle$ as a function of reference multiplicity for different charge combinations, after corrections for acceptance effects. In the legend the signs indicate the charge of particles $\alpha$, $\beta$, and c. The results shown are for Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV obtained in the Full Field.

$\langle cos(\phi_{\alpha}-\phi_{\beta})\rangle$ as a function of centrality for different charge combinations and FF and RFF configurations. The data points corresponding to different charge and field configurations are slightly shifted in the horizontal direction with respect to each other for clarity. The error bars are statistical. Also shown are model predictions described in Section VII.

A comparison of the correlations obtained by selecting the third particle from the main TPC or from the Forward TPCs. The TPC and FTPC points are shifted horizontally relative to one another for clarity purposes. The error bars are statistical.

A comparison of the correlations obtained by selecting the third particle from the main TPC or from the Forward TPCs after scaling by the flow of the third particle. The shaded areas represent the uncertainty from $v_{2,c}$ scaling (see text for details). The TPC and FTPC points are shifted horizontally relative to one another for clarity purposes. The error bars are statistical.

$\langle cos(\phi_{\alpha}+\phi_{\beta}−2\Psi_{RP})\rangle$ in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV calculated using Eq. 7. The error-bars show the statistical errors. The shaded area reflects the uncertainty in the elliptic flow values used in calculations, with lower (in magnitude) limit obtained with elliptic flow from two-particle correlations and upper limit from four-particle cumulants. For details, see Section IV. Thick solid (Au+Au) and dashed (Cu+Cu) lines represent possible non-reaction-plane dependent contribution from many-particle clusters as estimated by HIJING, see Section VII A.

$\langle cos(\phi_{\alpha}+\phi_{\beta}−2\Psi_{RP})\rangle$ in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62 GeV calculated using Eq. 7. The error-bars show the statistical errors. The shaded area reflects the uncertainty in the elliptic flow values used in calculations. For details, see Section IV. Thick solid (Au+Au) and dashed (Cu+Cu) lines represent possible non-reaction-plane dependent contribution from many-particle clusters as estimated by HIJING, see Section VII A.

Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. The correlations are scaled with the number of participants and are plotted as function of centrality. The error-bars indicate the statistical errors. The shaded area reflects the uncertainty in the elliptic flow values used in calculations. For details, see Section IV. Thick solid (Au+Au) and dashed (Cu+Cu) lines represent possible non-reaction-plane dependent contribution from many-particle clusters as estimated by HIJING, see Section VII A.

Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV. The correlations are scaled with the number of participants and are plotted as function of number of participants. The error-bars indicate the statistical errors. The shaded area reflects the uncertainty in the elliptic flow values used in calculations. For details, see Section IV. Thick solid (Au+Au) and dashed (Cu+Cu) lines represent possible non-reaction-plane dependent contribution from many-particle clusters as estimated by HIJING, see Section VII A.

Au+Au at 200 GeV. The correlations dependence on pseudorapidity separation $\Delta\eta$ = |$\eta_{\alpha}$ − $\eta_{\beta}$| for centrality 30-50%. The shaded band indicates uncertainty associated with $v_{2}$ measurements and has been calculated using two- and four-particle cumulant results as the limits.

Au+Au at 200 GeV. The correlations dependence on pseudorapidity separation $\Delta\eta$ = |$\eta_{\alpha}$ − $\eta_{\beta}$| for centrality 10-30%. The shaded band indicates uncertainty associated with $v_{2}$ measurements and has been calculated using two- and four-particle cumulant results as the limits.

Au+Au at 200 GeV. The correlations dependence on (p$_{t,\alpha}$ + p$_{t,\beta}$)/2 for centrality 30-50%. The shaded band indicates uncertainty associated with $v_{2}$ measurements and has been calculated using two- and four-particle cumulant results as the limits.

Au+Au at 200 GeV. The correlations dependence on (p$_{t,\alpha}$ + p$_{t,\beta}$)/2 for centrality 10-30%. The shaded band indicates uncertainty associated with $v_{2}$ measurements and has been calculated using two- and four-particle cumulant results as the limits.

Au+Au at 200 GeV. The correlations dependence on |p$_{t,\alpha}$ - p$_{t,\beta}$| for centrality 30-50%. The shaded band indicates uncertainty associated with $v_{2}$ measurements and has been calculated using two- and four-particle cumulant results as the limits.

Au+Au at 200 GeV. The correlations dependence on |p$_{t,\alpha}$ - p$_{t,\beta}$| for centrality 10-30%. The shaded band indicates uncertainty associated with $v_{2}$ measurements and has been calculated using two- and four-particle cumulant results as the limits.

Three-particle correlator in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions compared to HIJING calculations shown as thick lines. All three particles are taken in the main TPC region, |$\eta$| < 1.0. The correlator has been scaled with number of participants and are plotted versus number of participants. In this representation HIJING results for Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions coincide in the region of overlap.

$\langle cos(\phi_{\alpha} + \phi_{\beta} − 2\Psi_{RP})\rangle$ calculated for 200 GeV Au+Au events with event generators HIJING (with and without an “elliptic flow afterburner”), UrQMD, and MEVSIM. Blue symbols mark opposite-charge correlations, and red are same-charge. Solid stars represent the values from the data to facilitate comparison. Acceptance cuts of 0.15 < p$_{t}$ < 2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.0 were used in all cases. For MEVSIM, HIJING, and UrQMD points the true reaction plane from the generated event was used for $\Psi_{RP}$ . Thick solid lighter colored lines represent possible non-reactionplane dependent contribution from many-particle clusters as estimated by HIJING and discussed in Section VII A. Corresponding estimates from UrQMD are about factor of two smaller.

$\Delta N_p$ multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=27$ GeV for 0-5 percent, 30-40 percent and 70-80 percent collision centralities at midrapidity.

$\Delta N_p$ multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=39$ GeV for 0-5 percent, 30-40 percent and 70-80 percent collision centralities at midrapidity.

$\Delta N_p$ multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=62.4$ GeV for 0-5 percent, 30-40 percent and 70-80 percent collision centralities at midrapidity.

$\Delta N_p$ multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=200$ GeV for 0-5 percent, 30-40 percent and 70-80 percent collision centralities at midrapidity.

Centrality dependence of the cumulants of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=7.7$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of the cumulants of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=11.5$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of the cumulants of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=19.6$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of the cumulants of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=27$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of the cumulants of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=39$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of the cumulants of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=62.4$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of the cumulants of $\Delta N_p$ distributions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=200$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$/Skellam and $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=7.7$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$/Skellam and $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=11.5$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$/Skellam and $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=19.6$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$/Skellam and $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=27$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$/Skellam and $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=39$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$/Skellam and $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=62.4$ GeV.

Centrality dependence of $S\sigma$/Skellam and $\kappa\sigma^2$ for $\Delta N_p$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=200$ GeV.

Cumulants of net-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=7.7$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of net-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=11.5$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of net-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=19.6$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of net-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=27$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of net-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=39$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of net-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=62.4$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of net-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=200$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=7.7$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=11.5$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=19.6$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=27$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=39$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=62.4$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=200$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of anti-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=7.7$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of anti-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=11.5$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of anti-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=19.6$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of anti-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=27$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of anti-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=39$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of anti-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=62.4$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Cumulants of anti-proton distribution at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=200$ GeV. (efficiency corrected).

Upper panels. $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}$ scaled ($R^{N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}}_{AA}$) nuclear modification factors as a function of $p_{T}$ of $\phi$ mesons for $0-10\%$ and $20-30\%$ $Cu+Cu$ and $Au+Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV. Lower panel. Same as above for $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{bin}}}$ scaled ($R^{N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{bin}}}}_{AA}$) nuclear modification factor. The error bars represent the statistical and systematic errors added in quadrature. The shaded band in upper panel around 1 at $p_{T}=4.5-5.5$ GeV/$c$ in the right side reflects the uncertainty in $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}$ and that on the lower panel for $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{bin}}}$ calculation for central $Au+Au$ collisions. The respective uncertainties for central $Cu+Cu$ collisions are of similar order.

Upper panels. $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}$ scaled ($R^{N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}}_{AA}$) nuclear modification factors as a function of $p_{T}$ of $\phi$ mesons for $0-10\%$ and $20-30\%$ $Cu+Cu$ and $Au+Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV. Lower panel. Same as above for $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{bin}}}$ scaled ($R^{N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{bin}}}}_{AA}$) nuclear modification factor. The error bars represent the statistical and systematic errors added in quadrature. The shaded band in upper panel around 1 at $p_{T}=4.5-5.5$ GeV/$c$ in the right side reflects the uncertainty in $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}$ and that on the lower panel for $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{bin}}}$ calculation for central $Au+Au$ collisions. The respective uncertainties for central $Cu+Cu$ collisions are of similar order.

Upper panels. $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}$ scaled ($R^{N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}}_{AA}$) nuclear modification factors as a function of $p_{T}$ of $\phi$ mesons for $0-10\%$ and $20-30\%$ $Cu+Cu$ and $Au+Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV. Lower panel. Same as above for $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{bin}}}$ scaled ($R^{N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{bin}}}}_{AA}$) nuclear modification factor. The error bars represent the statistical and systematic errors added in quadrature. The shaded band in upper panel around 1 at $p_{T}=4.5-5.5$ GeV/$c$ in the right side reflects the uncertainty in $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}$ and that on the lower panel for $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{bin}}}$ calculation for central $Au+Au$ collisions. The respective uncertainties for central $Cu+Cu$ collisions are of similar order.

Upper panel. The ratio of the yields of $K^{−}$, $\phi$, $\bar{\Lambda}$ and $\Xi+\bar{\Xi}$ normalized to $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}$ in nucleus-nucleus collisions to corresponding yields in inelastic $p+p$ collisions as a function of $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}$ at 200 GeV. Lower panel. Same as above for $\phi$ mesons in $Cu+Cu$ collisions at 200 and 62.4 GeV. The $p+p$ collision data at 200 GeV are from STAR [5] and at 62.4 GeV from ISR [29]. The error bars shown represent the statistical and systematic errors added in quadrature.

Upper panel. The ratio of the yields of $K^{−}$, $\phi$, $\bar{\Lambda}$ and $\Xi+\bar{\Xi}$ normalized to $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}$ in nucleus-nucleus collisions to corresponding yields in inelastic $p+p$ collisions as a function of $N_{\scriptsize{\mbox{part}}}$ at 200 GeV. Lower panel. Same as above for $\phi$ mesons in $Cu+Cu$ collisions at 200 and 62.4 GeV. The $p+p$ collision data at 200 GeV are from STAR [5] and at 62.4 GeV from ISR [29]. The error bars shown represent the statistical and systematic errors added in quadrature.

Comparison of dynamical $\langle p_{t}\rangle$ fluctuations in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 and 200 GeV as a function of the number of participanting nucleons.

(a) $p_{t}$ correlations, (b) $p_{t}$ correlations multiplied by $\langle N_{part}\rangle/2$, (c) square root of $p_{t}$ correlations scaled by $\langle\langle p_{t}\rangle\rangle$, and (d) square root of $p_{t}$ correlations multiplied by $\langle N_{part}\rangle/2$ and scaled by $\langle\langle p_{t}\rangle\rangle$, plotted vs. $\langle N_{part}\rangle$

(a) $p_{t}$ correlations, (b) $p_{t}$ correlations multiplied by $\langle N_{part}\rangle/2$, (c) square root of $p_{t}$ correlations scaled by $\langle\langle p_{t}\rangle\rangle$, and (d) square root of $p_{t}$ correlations multiplied by $\langle N_{part}\rangle/2$ and scaled by $\langle\langle p_{t}\rangle\rangle$, plotted vs. $\langle N_{part}\rangle$

(a) $p_{t}$ correlations, (b) $p_{t}$ correlations multiplied by $\langle N_{part}\rangle/2$, (c) square root of $p_{t}$ correlations scaled by $\langle\langle p_{t}\rangle\rangle$, and (d) square root of $p_{t}$ correlations multiplied by $\langle N_{part}\rangle/2$ and scaled by $\langle\langle p_{t}\rangle\rangle$, plotted vs. $\langle N_{part}\rangle$

Comparison of scaled $p_{t}$ correlations between data and models for Au+Au [panels (a) and (c)] and Cu+Cu [panels (b) and (d)] collisions at 200 GeV.

Comparison of scaled $p_{t}$ correlations between data and models for Au+Au [panels (a) and (c)] and Cu+Cu [panels (b) and (d)] collisions at 200 GeV.

$p_{t}$ correlations for varying rapidity acceptance ($|\eta|$ <0.25, 0.5, and 1.0) for Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV [panel (a)] and 62.4 GeV [panel (b)].

$p_{t}$ correlations for varying azimuthal acceptance for Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV [panels (a) and (c)] and 62.4 GeV [panels (b) and (d)].

$p_{t}$ correlations for varying azimuthal acceptance for Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV [panels (a) and (c)] and 62.4 GeV [panels (b) and (d)].

$p_{t}$ correlations plotted as a function of $\langle N_{part}\rangle$ for different $p_{t}$ ranges in Cu+Cu collisions at (a) 200 GeV and (b) 62.4 GeV.

$p_{t}$ correlations plotted as a function of $\langle N_{part}\rangle$ for different $p_{t}$ ranges in Cu+Cu collisions at (a) 200 GeV and (b) 62.4 GeV.

Correlations for varying $p_{t}$ ranges for different model calculations in Cu+Cu 200 GeV. (a) AMPT (SM), (b) URQMD, and (c) Hijing (no JQ).

Uncorrected inclusive charged particle $p_{t}$ spectrum for 0%–10% collision centrality for Cu+Cu 200 GeV (open circles).

Correlations scaled by $(d\langle p_{t}\rangle/dT)^{2}T^{2}$ vs. $\langle N_{part}\rangle$ for different $p_{t}$ ranges in Cu+Cu 200 GeV.

(a) The corrected integrated yield $dN/dy$ at mid-rapidity for $\overline{\Xi}^{+}$ , $\overline{\Lambda}$ and $\overline{p}$ divided by $N_{part}$, normalized to the most peripheral centrality interval (60 − 80%), plotted as a function of $N_{part}$. The gray, black and dashed bands represent the errors on the normalization to the most peripheral bin for the $\overline{\Xi}^{+}$, $\overline{\Lambda}$ and $\overline{p}$. Other errors shown are statistical only. (b) $\gamma_{s}$ as a function of $N_{part}$ calculated from thermal model fits to the measured particle yields ($\pi$,K,p [24], $\Lambda$, $\Xi$, $\Omega$ and their anti-particles) at 200 GeV. Values for $e^{+}+e^{−}$ and $p+\overline{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 91 and 200 GeV respectively and for Pb+Pb SPS collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 17.2 GeV are shown for comparison [26, 27, 28].

(a) The corrected integrated yield $dN/dy$ at mid-rapidity for $\overline{\Xi}^{+}$ , $\overline{\Lambda}$ and $\overline{p}$ divided by $N_{part}$, normalized to the most peripheral centrality interval (60 − 80%), plotted as a function of $N_{part}$. The gray, black and dashed bands represent the errors on the normalization to the most peripheral bin for the $\overline{\Xi}^{+}$, $\overline{\Lambda}$ and $\overline{p}$. Other errors shown are statistical only. (b) $\gamma_{s}$ as a function of $N_{part}$ calculated from thermal model fits to the measured particle yields ($\pi$,K,p [24], $\Lambda$, $\Xi$, $\Omega$ and their anti-particles) at 200 GeV. Values for $e^{+}+e^{−}$ and $p+\overline{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 91 and 200 GeV respectively and for Pb+Pb SPS collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 17.2 GeV are shown for comparison [26, 27, 28].

$R_{CP}$ for $\Xi^{-}+\overline{\Xi}^{+}$ and $\Omega^{-}+\overline{\Omega}^{+}$ at mid-rapidity (centrality interval : 0 − 5% vs. 40 − 60%). A dashed line for charged hadrons and gray band for $\Lambda^{-}+\overline{\Lambda}$ are shown as comparison. The gray rectangles represent participant and binary scalings.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.

Npart values are for the corresponding centrality at 200 GeV.

Npart values are for the corresponding centrality at 200 GeV.

Npart values are for the corresponding centrality at 200 GeV.

Npart values are for the corresponding centrality at 200 GeV.

Npart values are for the corresponding centrality at 200 GeV.

Npart values are for the corresponding centrality at 200 GeV.

Npart values are for the corresponding centrality at 200 GeV.

Npart values are for the corresponding centrality at 200 GeV.

No description provided.