The transverse momentum and rapidity distributions of net protons and negatively charged hadrons have been measured for minimum bias proton-nucleus and deuteron-gold interactions, as well as central oxygen-gold and sulphur-nucleus collisions at 200 GeV per nucleon. The rapidity density of net protons at midrapidity in central nucleus-nucleus collisions increases both with target mass for sulphur projectiles and with the projectile mass for a gold target. The shape of the rapidity distributions of net protons forward of midrapidity for d+Au and central S+Au collisions is similar. The average rapidity loss is larger than 2 units of rapidity for reactions with the gold target. The transverse momentum spectra of net protons for all reactions can be described by a thermal distribution with `temperatures' between 145 +- 11 MeV (p+S interactions) and 244 +- 43 MeV (central S+Au collisions). The multiplicity of negatively charged hadrons increases with the mass of the colliding system. The shape of the transverse momentum spectra of negatively charged hadrons changes from minimum bias p+p and p+S interactions to p+Au and central nucleus-nucleus collisions. The mean transverse momentum is almost constant in the vicinity of midrapidity and shows little variation with the target and projectile masses. The average number of produced negatively charged hadrons per participant baryon increases slightly from p+p, p+A to central S+S,Ag collisions.
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The value YRAP = 4PI is the extrapolation for 4PI acceptance.
Transverse momentum spectra of charged particles produced in deep inelastic scattering are measured as a function of the kinematic variables x_B and Q2 using the H1 detector at the ep collider HERA. The data are compared to different parton emission models, either with or without ordering of the emissions in transverse momentum. The data provide evidence for a relatively large amount of parton radiation between the current and the remnant systems.
Charged particle PT distribution in the pseudorapidity interval 1.5 to 2.5.
Charged particle PT distribution in the pseudorapidity interval 1.5 to 2.5.
Charged particle PT distribution in the pseudorapidity interval 1.5 to 2.5.
A measurement of inclusive charged particle distributions in deep inelastic $ep$ scattering for $\gamma~* p$ centre-of-mass energies $75< W < 175$GeV and momentum transfer squared $10< Q~2 < 160$GeV$~2$ from the ZEUS detector at HERA is presented. The differential charged particle rates in the $\gamma~* p$ centre-of-mass system as a function of the scaled longitudinal momentum, $x_F$, and of the transverse momentum, $p_t~*$ and $<\!\!p_t~{*\,2}\!\!>\,\,$ , as a function of $x_F$, $W$ and $Q~2$ are given. Separate distributions are shown for events with (LRG) and without (NRG) a rapidity gap with respect to the proton direction. The data are compared with results from experiments at lower beam energies, with the naive quark parton model and with parton models including perturbative QCD corrections. The comparison shows the importance of the higher order QCD processes. Significant differences of the inclusive charged particle rates between NRG and LRG events at the same $W$ are observed. The value of $<\!\!p_t~{*\,2}\!\!>\,\,$ for LRG events with a hadronic mass $M_X$, which excludes the forward produced baryonic system, is similar to the $<\!\!p_t~{*\,2}\!\!>\,\,$ value observed in fixed target experiments at $W \approx M_X$.
Differential multiplicites for NRG events.. XL is parallel to the virtual photon axis.
Differential multiplicites for NRG events.. PT is relative to the virtual photon axis.
Mean PT**2 for NRG events.. PT is relative to the virtual photon axis.
Photoproduction at HERA is studied in $ep$ collisions, with the ZEUS detector, for $\gamma p$ centre-of-mass energies ranging from 130-270 GeV. A sample of events with two high-$p_T$ jets ($p_T > 6$ GeV, $\eta <1.6$) and a third cluster in the approximate direction of the electron beam is isolated using a clustering algorithm. These events are mostly due to resolved photoproduction. The third cluster is identified as the photon remnant. Its properties, such as the transverse and longitudinal energy flows around the axis of the cluster, are consistent with those commonly attributed to jets, and in particular with those found for the two jets in these events. The mean value of the photon remnant $p_T$ with respect to the beam axis is measured to be $2.1 \pm 0.2$ GeV, which demonstrates substantial mean transverse momenta for the photon remnant.
Pseudorapidity distribution of the third cluster corrected to the hadron level.
Corrected PT distribution of the third cluster corrected to the hadron level.
Corrected Energy distribution of the third cluster corrected to the hadron level.
The properties of two-, three-, four-, five-, and six-jet events with multijet masses >600 GeV /c2 are compared with QCD predictions. The shapes of the multijet-mass and leading-jet-angular distributions are approximately independent of jet multiplicity and are well described by the NJETS matrix element calculation and the HERWIG parton shower Monte Carlo predictions. The observed jet transverse momentum distributions for three- and four-jet events discriminate between the matrix element and parton shower predictions, the data favoring the matrix element calculation.
Exclusive 2-jet mass distribution.
Exclusive 3-jet mass distribution.
Exclusive 4-jet mass distribution.
We have measured the photon structure function F 2 γ in the reaction e + e − → e + e − hadrons for average Q 2 values from 5.1 to 338 GeV 2 by using data collected by the TOPAZ detector at TRISTAN. The data have been corrected for detector effects and are compared with theoretical expectations based on QCD. The structure function F 2 γ increases as ln Q 2 , as expected. A sample of events with one or two distinct jets has been identified in the final state. Although two-jet events can be explained solely by the point-like perturbative part, one-jet events require a significant hadron-like part in addition.
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THE AZIMUTHAL ANGLE DISTRIBUTIONS OF PI0 HAVE BEEN FITTED BY: D(N)/D(PHI)=N*(1+CONST(Q=1)*COS(PHI)+CONST(Q=2)*COS(2*PHI)), WHERE PHI IS THE AZIMUTHAL ANGLEOF PI0 RELATIVE TO THE FOLLOWING COORDINATE SYSTEM: Z AXIS DIRECTED ALONG BEAM MOMENTUM, X AXIS DIRECTED ALONG TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM CONSTRUCTED FROM TRANSVERSE MOMENTA OF THE FINAL STATE PARTICLES (SEE PAPER). THE 17 PCT OF ALL NONPERIPHERAL EVENTS HAS BEEN REMOVED (SEE PAPER).
THE AZIMUTHAL ANGLE DISTRIBUTIONS OF CHARGED PARTICLES HAVE BEEN FITTED BY : D(N)/D(PHI)=N *(1+CONST(Q=1)*COS(PHI)+CONST(Q=2)*COS(2*PHI)), WHERE PHI IS THEAZIMUTHAL ANGLE OF CHARGED PARTICLE RELATIVE TO THE FOLLOWING COORDINATE SYSTEM : Z AXIS DIRECTED ALONG BEAM MOMENTUM, X AXIS DIRECTED ALONG TRANSVERSE MOMENTU M CONSTRUCTED FROM TRANSVERSE MOMENTA OF THE FINAL STATE PARTICLES (SEE PAPER). A systematic error of 0.03 has been estimated for CONST(Q=1) and CONST(Q= 2).
THE AZIMUTHAL ANGLE DISTRIBUTIONS OF NEUTRONS HAVE BEEN FITTED BY: D(N)/D (PHI)=N *(1+CONST(Q=1)*COS(PHI)+CONST(Q=2)*COS(2*PHI)), WHERE PHI IS THE AZIMUTHAL ANGLE OF NEUTRON RELATIVE TO THE FOLLOWING COORDINATE SYSTEM: Z AXIS DIRECTEDALONG BEAM MOMENTUM, X AXIS DIRECTED ALONG TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM CONSTRUCTED FRO M TRANSVERSE MOMENTA OF THE FINAL STATE PARTICLES (SEE PAPER). A systematic error of 0.03 has been estimated for CONST(Q=1) and CONST(Q= 2).
We present measurements of the rapidity and transverse-momentum distributions of the protons emitted in S+W, O+W, andp+W reactions at 200 GeV/A around the target rapidity (y=1). The rapidity density rises linearly with the transverse energy for all three systems, but the slope forp+W is much steeper than for O+W and S+W. The rapidity density forp+W is much higher than predicted by summing single nucleonnucleon collisions without any nuclear effects, indicating substantial rescattering of the produced particles. The predictions of the VENUS 3 model, including rescattering, show reasonable agreement with the data for all three systems. We do not have evidence for a strong collective flow of the outgoing particles.
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An analysis is presented of the rapidity and transverse momentum distributions and of the nuclear stopping power in collisions ofπ+ andK+ mesons with Al and Au nuclei at 250 GeV/c. The experimental results are compared to predictions of the additive quark model and the dual parton model. The AQM offers an overall consistent description of the data in this experiment. The DPM reproduces reasonably well the rapidity spectra in the central and projectile fragmentation regions, but fails to describe the nuclear stopping power.
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Excluding protons of PLAB < 1.2 GeV.
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We present the general properties of multihadron final states produced by e+e− annihilation at center-of-mass energies from 52 to 57 GeV in the AMY detector at the KEK collider TRISTAN. Global shape, inclusive charged-particle, and particle-flow distributions are presented. Our measurements are compared with QCD+fragmentation models that use either leading-logarithmic parton-shower evolution or QCD matrix elements at the parton level, and either string or cluster fragmentation for hadronization.
Rapidity distribution with respect to the Thrust axis.
Charged particle X distribution.
Charged particle PL distribution.
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