Ratio of the electron data to the calculated background as a function of $p_T$ in minimum bias collisions (upper panel) and relative contributions to the background from various sources (lower panel). The curves for $\omega$ and $\phi$ show the sum of the Dalitz and the di-electron decay modes.

The background-subtracted electron spectra for central (0-10%) collisions compared with the expected contributions from open charm decays. Also shown, for central collisions only, are the expected contribution from bottom decays (dashed) and the conversion electron spectrum from a direct phonon prediction (dotted).

The background-subtracted electron spectra for minimum bias (0-92%) collisions compared with the expected contributions from open charm decays. Also shown, for central collisions only, are the expected contribution from bottom decays (dashed) and the conversion electron spectrum from a direct phonon prediction (dotted).

Single electron cross sections $\frac{d\sigma_e}{dy}|_{y=0}$ of this measurement and ISR experiments [9,11,31] are displayed (bottom of figure, right-hand scale) with charm decay contributions calculated with PYTHIA. Open and filled symbols for 1.0 < $p_T$ < 1.4 GeV/$c$ and $p_T$ > 1.4 GeV/$c$, respectively. The derived charm cross section of this measurement is compared with charm cross sections from SPS/FNAL experiments (top of figure, left-hand scale). The thick curve and the shaded band represent the charm cross section in the PYTHIA model and in a NLO pQCD calculation [30], respectively.

Single electron cross sections $\frac{d\sigma_e}{dy}|_{y=0}$ of this measurement and ISR experiments [9,11,31] are displayed (bottom of figure, right-hand scale) with charm decay contributions calculated with PYTHIA. Open and filled symbols for 1.0 < $p_T$ < 1.4 GeV/$c$ and $p_T$ > 1.4 GeV/$c$, respectively. The derived charm cross section of this measurement is compared with charm cross sections from SPS/FNAL experiments (top of figure, left-hand scale). The thick curve and the shaded band represent the charm cross section in the PYTHIA model and in a NLO pQCD calculation [30], respectively.

The $M_{e_T}$ distributions for four different centrality classes. The curves are the random baseline mixed event distributions. The source of differences in the data and mixed event distributions are addressed in the text.

The residual distribution between the data and mixed event $M_{e_T}$ spectra as a function of $M_{e_T}$ in units of standard deviation. The total ${\chi}^2$ and the number of degrees of freedom for the $0-5\%$, $0-10\%$, $10-20\%$, $20-30\%$ centrality classes are 310.0/32, 896.4/36, 678.7/47, and 553.9/53, respectively. A large fraction of the residual contributions are due to the effects of cluster merging.

$v(Q)$, for central events, as a function of the azimuthal coverage of the detector for data. (Angles in degrees.)

The effect on $v(Q)$ of varying the acceptance in $\varphi_r$. The solid curve shows the expectation from global charge conservation. The 10% most central events are used for data and RQMD. (Angles in degrees.)

Spectra of inclusive $\Lambda$ ($\bar{\Lambda}$) for minimum-bias events.

Spectra of inclusive feed-down corrected protons (antiprotons) for minimum-bias events.

Inclusive $\Lambda$ and feed-down corrected proton yields for minimum bias and for the 5% most central events. Systematic errors are 17% for protons and 16% for $\Lambda$

Inclusive $\Lambda$ and feed-down corrected average transverse momentum for minimum bias and for the 5% most central events. Systematic errors are 17% for protons and 16% for $\Lambda$

Inclusive $\Lambda$ and feed-down corrected slope parameters for minimum bias and for the 5% most central events. Systematic errors are 17% for protons and 16% for $\Lambda$

Total measured and predicted baryon yields for minimum-bias and for the 5% most central events. The proton yields are corrected for feed-down. The systematic errors are 24% for the protons and 23% for the $\Lambda$

$v_2$ vs Fixed $p_T$ for several centrality selections. [F] and [A] follow the notation Fig. 2. Systematic errors are estimated to be $\sim 5$%.

$v_2$ vs Assorted $p_T$ for several centrality selections. [F] and [A] follow the notation Fig. 2. Systematic errors are estimated to be $\sim 5$%.

$v_2$ vs Assorted $p_T$ for several centrality selections. [F] and [A] follow the notation Fig. 2. Systematic errors are estimated to be $\sim 5$%.

The centrality dependence of $A_2$ for two different $p_T$ selections. [F] and [A] follow the notation in Fig. 2. Systematic errors are estimated to be $\sim 10$%, dominated by the normalization of the correction function and the model determination of$ \varepsilon$.

The centrality dependence of $A_2$ for two different $p_T$ selections. [F] and [A] follow the notation in Fig. 2. Systematic errors are estimated to be $\sim 10$%, dominated by the normalization of the correction function and the model determination of$ \varepsilon$.

Centrality dependence of $⟨p^{trunc}_T⟩$, the average $p_T$ of charged particles with $p_T$ above a threshold $p^{min}_T$ minus the threshold $p^{min}_T$. Shown are values for two $p^{min}_T$ cuts, one at $p_T >$ 0.5 GeV/$c$ representing all data presented in Fig. 2 and the other one at $p_T >$ 2 GeV/$c$.

Nuclear modification factor ($R_{AA}$) for the 60-80%, 30-60%, 15-30%, and 5-15% centrality selections compared to the one for the most central sample (0-5%). Due to insufficient statistics $R_{AA}$ is not shown for the 80-92% sample.

The top panel gives the nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}$ for three exclusive $p_T$ regions as a function of the centrality of the collision. The lower panel shows essentially the same quantity but normalized to the number of participant pairs rather than to the number of binary collisions. The dotted line indicates the expectation for scaling with the number of binary collisions (top) or with the number of participants (bottom). Only statistical errors are shown. The systematic error on the scale and the centrality dependence are identical to the errors shown in Fig. 5. These errors are correlated, i.e. take their maximum or minimum value simultaneously for all centrality and $p_T$ selections. In addition, there are also $p_T$ dependent systematic errors, which are given in Table 1. The systematic errors do not alter the trends in the data.

Invariant $\pi^0$ yields at midrapidity as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias and nine centralities in $Au\ +\ Au$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200\ GeV$ [0%–10% (80%–92%) is most central (peripheral)]. The labels "uncorr." and "corr." include systematic errors that are uncorrelated and correlated point-to-point, respectively.

Invariant $\pi^0$ yields at midrapidity as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias and nine centralities in $Au\ +\ Au$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200\ GeV$ [0%–10% (80%–92%) is most central (peripheral)]. The labels "uncorr." and "corr." include systematic errors that are uncorrelated and correlated point-to-point, respectively.

Invariant $\pi^0$ yields at midrapidity as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias and nine centralities in $Au\ +\ Au$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200\ GeV$ [0%–10% (80%–92%) is most central (peripheral)]. The labels "uncorr." and "corr." include systematic errors that are uncorrelated and correlated point-to-point, respectively.

Invariant $\pi^0$ yields at midrapidity as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias and nine centralities in $Au\ +\ Au$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200\ GeV$ [0%–10% (80%–92%) is most central (peripheral)]. The labels "uncorr." and "corr." include systematic errors that are uncorrelated and correlated point-to-point, respectively.

Invariant $\pi^0$ yields at midrapidity as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias and nine centralities in $Au\ +\ Au$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200\ GeV$ [0%–10% (80%–92%) is most central (peripheral)]. The labels "uncorr." and "corr." include systematic errors that are uncorrelated and correlated point-to-point, respectively.

Invariant $\pi^0$ yields at midrapidity as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias and nine centralities in $Au\ +\ Au$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200\ GeV$ [0%–10% (80%–92%) is most central (peripheral)]. The labels "uncorr." and "corr." include systematic errors that are uncorrelated and correlated point-to-point, respectively.

Invariant $\pi^0$ yields at midrapidity as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias and nine centralities in $Au\ +\ Au$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200\ GeV$ [0%–10% (80%–92%) is most central (peripheral)]. The labels "uncorr." and "corr." include systematic errors that are uncorrelated and correlated point-to-point, respectively.

Invariant $\pi^0$ yields at midrapidity as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias and nine centralities in $Au\ +\ Au$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200\ GeV$ [0%–10% (80%–92%) is most central (peripheral)]. The labels "uncorr." and "corr." include systematic errors that are uncorrelated and correlated point-to-point, respectively.

Invariant $\pi^0$ yields at midrapidity as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias and nine centralities in $Au\ +\ Au$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200\ GeV$ [0%–10% (80%–92%) is most central (peripheral)]. The labels "uncorr." and "corr." include systematic errors that are uncorrelated and correlated point-to-point, respectively.

Invariant $\pi^0$ yields at midrapidity as a function of $p_T$ for minimum bias and nine centralities in $Au\ +\ Au$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200\ GeV$ [0%–10% (80%–92%) is most central (peripheral)]. The labels "uncorr." and "corr." include systematic errors that are uncorrelated and correlated point-to-point, respectively.

Nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}(p_T)$ for $\pi^0$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV. The error bars include all point-to-point experimental ($p+p$, Au+Au) errors. The label "sys(uncorr)" refers to the uncorrelated point-to-point uncertainty (which includes statistical errors), while "sys(norm)" is the normalization uncertainty.

Nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}(p_T)$ for $\pi^0$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV. The error bars include all point-to-point experimental ($p+p$, Au+Au) errors. The label "sys(uncorr)" refers to the uncorrelated point-to-point uncertainty (which includes statistical errors), while "sys(norm)" is the normalization uncertainty.

Nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}(p_T)$ for $\pi^0$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV. The error bars include all point-to-point experimental ($p+p$, Au+Au) errors. The label "sys(uncorr)" refers to the uncorrelated point-to-point uncertainty (which includes statistical errors), while "sys(norm)" is the normalization uncertainty.

Nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}(p_T)$ for $\pi^0$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV. The error bars include all point-to-point experimental ($p+p$, Au+Au) errors. The label "sys(uncorr)" refers to the uncorrelated point-to-point uncertainty (which includes statistical errors), while "sys(norm)" is the normalization uncertainty.

Nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}(p_T)$ for $\pi^0$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV. The error bars include all point-to-point experimental ($p+p$, Au+Au) errors. The label "sys(uncorr)" refers to the uncorrelated point-to-point uncertainty (which includes statistical errors), while "sys(norm)" is the normalization uncertainty.

Nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}(p_T)$ for $\pi^0$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV. The error bars include all point-to-point experimental ($p+p$, Au+Au) errors. The label "sys(uncorr)" refers to the uncorrelated point-to-point uncertainty (which includes statistical errors), while "sys(norm)" is the normalization uncertainty.

Nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}(p_T)$ for $\pi^0$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV. The error bars include all point-to-point experimental ($p+p$, Au+Au) errors. The label "sys(uncorr)" refers to the uncorrelated point-to-point uncertainty (which includes statistical errors), while "sys(norm)" is the normalization uncertainty.

Nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}(p_T)$ for $\pi^0$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV. The error bars include all point-to-point experimental ($p+p$, Au+Au) errors. The label "sys(uncorr)" refers to the uncorrelated point-to-point uncertainty (which includes statistical errors), while "sys(norm)" is the normalization uncertainty.

Nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}(p_T)$ for $\pi^0$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV. The error bars include all point-to-point experimental ($p+p$, Au+Au) errors. The label "sys(uncorr)" refers to the uncorrelated point-to-point uncertainty (which includes statistical errors), while "sys(norm)" is the normalization uncertainty.

Nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}(p_T)$ for $\pi^0$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV. The error bars include all point-to-point experimental ($p+p$, Au+Au) errors. The label "sys(uncorr)" refers to the uncorrelated point-to-point uncertainty (which includes statistical errors), while "sys(norm)" is the normalization uncertainty.

Nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}(p_T)$ for $\pi^0$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV. The error bars include all point-to-point experimental ($p+p$, Au+Au) errors. The label "sys(uncorr)" refers to the uncorrelated point-to-point uncertainty (which includes statistical errors), while "sys(norm)" is the normalization uncertainty.

Nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}(p_T)$ for $\pi^0$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV. The error bars include all point-to-point experimental ($p+p$, Au+Au) errors. The label "sys(uncorr)" refers to the uncorrelated point-to-point uncertainty (which includes statistical errors), while "sys(norm)" is the normalization uncertainty.

Nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}(p_T)$ for $\pi^0$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV. The error bars include all point-to-point experimental ($p+p$, Au+Au) errors. The label "sys(uncorr)" refers to the uncorrelated point-to-point uncertainty (which includes statistical errors), while "sys(norm)" is the normalization uncertainty.

Nucelar modification factor $R_{CP}$ for ($p+\bar{p}$)/2.

Nucelar modification factor $R_{CP}$ for $\pi^0$.

Charged hadron to $\pi^0$ ratio in central (0-10%) Au+Au collisions.

Charged hadron to $\pi^0$ ratio in peripheral (60-92%) Au+Au collisions. The peripheral data points are offset by +130 MeV/$c$ for clarity.

Systematic error on normalization a) common to both centralities b) that can move the $h$/$\pi^0$ ratios for each centrality independent of the other.