We present a measurement of the inelastic, non diffractive J/$\psi$ photoproduction cross section in the reaction $e^{+} p \to e^{+} {J}/\psi X$ with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The J/$\psi$ was identified using both the $\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ and $e^{+}e^{-}$ decay channels and events were selected within the range $0.4<z<0.9$ ($0.5<z<0.9$) for the muon (electron) decay mode, where $z$ is the fraction of the photon energy carried by the J/$\psi$ in the proton rest frame. The cross section, the $p^2_T$ and the $z$ distributions, after having subtracted the contributions from resolved photon and diffractive proton dissociative processes, are given for the photon-proton centre of mass energy range $50<W<180$ GeV; $p^2_T$ is the square of the J/$\psi$ transverse momentum with respect to the incoming proton beam direction. In the kinematic range $0.4 < z < 0.9$ and $p^2_T > 1$ GeV$^2$, NLO calculations of the photon-gluon fusion process based on the colour-singlet model are in good agreement with the data. The predictions of a specific leading order colour-octet model, as formulated to describe the CDF data on J/$\psi$ hadroproduction, are not consistent with the data.
Cross section for the MU+ MU- decay channel.
Cross section for the MU+ MU- decay channel.
Cross section for the MU+ MU- decay channel.
Diffractive scattering of $\gamma~* p \to X + N$, where $N$ is either a proton or a nucleonic system with $M_N<4$GeV has been measured in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) at HERA. The cross section was determined by a novel method as a function of the $\gamma~* p$ c.m. energy $W$ between 60 and 245GeV and of the mass $M_X$ of the system $X$ up to 15GeV at average $Q~2$ values of 14 and 31GeV$~2$. The diffractive cross section $d\sigma~{diff} /dM_X$ is, within errors, found to rise linearly with $W$. Parameterizing the $W$ dependence by the form $d\sigma~{diff}/dM_X \propto (W~2)~{(2\overline{\mbox{$\alpha_{_{I\hspace{-0.2em}P}}$}} -2)}$ the DIS data yield for the pomeron trajectory $\overline{\mbox{$\alpha_{_{I\hspace{-0.2em}P}}$}} = 1.23 \pm 0.02(stat) \pm 0.04 (syst)$ averaged over $t$ in the measured kinematic range assuming the longitudinal photon contribution to be zero. This value for the pomeron trajectory is substantially larger than $\overline{\mbox{$\alpha_{_{I\hspace{-0.2em}P}}$}}$ extracted from soft interactions. The value of $\overline{\mbox{$\alpha_{_{I\hspace{-0.2em}P}}$}}$ measured in this analysis suggests that a substantial part of the diffractive DIS cross section originates from processes which can be described by perturbative QCD. From the measured diffractive cross sections the diffractive structure function of the proton $F~{D(3)}_2(\beta,Q~2, \mbox{$x_{_{I\hspace{-0.2em}P}}$})$ has been determined, where $\beta$ is the momentum fraction of the struck quark in the pomeron. The form $F~{D(3)}_2 = constant \cdot (1/ \mbox{$x_{_{I\hspace{-0.2em}P}}$})~a$ gives a good fit to the data in all $\beta$ and $Q~2$ intervals with $a = 1.46 \pm 0.04 (stat) \pm
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Data on the inclusive production of the neutral vector mesonsρ 0(770),ω(782), K*0(892), andφ(1020) in hadronic Z decays recorded with the ALEPH detector at LEP are presented and compared to Monte Carlo model predictions. Bose-Einstein effects are found to be important in extracting a reliable value for theρ 0 production rate. An averageρ 0 multiplicity of 1.45±0.21 per event is obtained. Theω is detected via its three pion decay modeω→π + π − π 0 and has a total rate of 1.07±0.14 per event. The multiplicity of the K*0 is 0.83±0.09, whilst that of theφ is 0.122±0.009, both measured using their charged decay modes. The measurements provide information on the relative production rates of vector and pseudoscalar mesons, as well as on the relative probabilities for the production of hadrons containing u, d, and s quarks.
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Average multiplicity per hadronic event. Extrapolation to the full X range.
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A study of scaling violations in fragmentation functions performed by the ALEPH collaboration at LEP is presented. Data samples enriched in uds, c, b and gluon jets, respectively, together with measurements of the longitudinal and transverse inclusive cross sections are used to extract the fragmentation function for the gluon and for each flavour. The measurements are compared to data from experiments at energies between 22 GeV and 91 GeV and scaling violations consistent with QCD predictions are observed. From this, a measurement of the strong coupling constant α s ( Mz ) = 0.126 ±0.009 is obtained.
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Measurements of the inclusive cross-sections forK0 and Λ production in hadronic decays of the Z are presented together with measurements of two-particle correlations within pairs of Λ andK0. The results are compared with predictions from the hadronization models Jetset, based on string fragmentation, and Herwig, based on cluster decays. TheK0 spectrum is found to be harder than predicted by both models, while the Λ spectrum is softer than predicted. The correlation measurements are all reproduced well by Jetset, while Herwig misses some of the qualitative features and overestimates the size of the\(\Lambda \bar \Lambda \) correlation. Finally, the possibility of Bose-Einstein correlation in theKS0KS0 system is discussed.
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An analysis of the production of strange particles from the decays of the Z 0 boson into multihadronic final states is presented. The analysis is based on about 90 000 selected hadronic Z 0 decays collected by the DELPHI detector at LEP in 1990. K s 0 , K ∗± , Λ( Λ ) and Ξ − ( Ξ + ) have been identified by their characteristic decays. The measured production cross sections are compared with predictions of the Lund Monte Carlo tuned to data at PEP/PETRA energies.
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The total and differential cross-sections for the reaction e + e − → γγ ( γ ) are measured at centre of mass energies around 91 GeV using an integrated luminosity of 4.7 pb −1 . The aggreement with QED prediction is good. Consequently there is no evidence for non-standard channels which would have the same experimental signature. The lower limits on the QED cuttoff parameters are Λ + > 113 GeV and Λ − > 95 GeV. An upper limit on the effective coupling between a possible excited electron and the gamma is derived. At 95% confidence level the branching ratios for Z 0 decay into π 0 γ, ηψ and γγγ are below 1.5 × 10 −4 , 2.8 × 10 −4 and 1.4 × 10 −4 respectively.
Radiative effects are subtracted.
Radiative effects subtracted.
We have studied the energy-energy angular correlations in hadronic final states from Z 0 decay using the DELPHI detector at LEP. From a comparison with Monte Carlo calculations based on the exact second order QCD matrix element and string fragmentation we find that Λ (5) MS =104 +25 -20 ( stat. ) +25 -20( syst. ) +30 00 ) theor. ) . MeV, which corresponds to α s (91 GeV)=0.106±0.003(stat.)±0.003(syst.) +0.003 -0.000 (theor). The theoretical error stems from different choices for the renormalization scale of α s . In the Monte Carlo simulation the scale of α s as well as the fragmentation parameters have been optimized to described reasonably well all aspects of multihadron production.
Data requested from the authors.
Values of LAMBDA-MSBAR(5) and ALPHA-S(91 GeV) deduced from the EEC measurements. The second systematic error is from the theory.
The NA24 experiment at CERN investigated inclusive γγ, π0π0, and γπ0 final states in the mass range between 4 and 9 GeV/c2 produced in π−p, π+p, and pp reactions at a c.m.-system energy s=23.7 GeV. The π0π0 cross sections agree well with expectations of the quark-parton model. For γπ0 production in π−p and pp reactions, a clear signal is observed and cross sections are shown. The production of γγ events was observed with a statistical significance of 2.9σ in π−p reactions. The cross section is in agreement with a higher-order QCD prediction.
Cross sections are averaged over the transverse momentum differences up to a value which is 1.10 GeV for all points except the first two which are 0.5 and 0.75 GeV respectively.
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Maximum accepted transverse momentum difference of pi0 pair is 1 GeV. Inclusive cross section integrated over the total geometrical acceptance of the detector.
A search for pairs of highpT prompt photons produced in hydrogen by a 280 GeV/c incidentπ- beam has been carried out using a fine-grained electromagnetic calorimeter and the Omega spectrometer at the CERN SPS. Clear evidence for the existence of such events is found with a six standard deviation signal forpT>3.0 GeV/c. The cross-sections are consistent with beyond leading order QCD calculations. A discussion on the determination of αs is also presented.
PT is the transverse momentum of either of the two photons.
PT is the transverse momentum of either of the two photons.
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