Measurements of the differential cross section for the inelastic scattering of 12-GeV/c muons on protons are reported. These measurements cover a kinematic range of |q2| (the square of the four-momentum transferred from the lepton) up to 4.0 (GeV/c)2 and of muon energy losses (ν) up to 9.0 GeV. Only the scattered muon is observed in an optical spark-chamber apparatus. The data are compared with electron-proton inelastic scattering, and analyzed in terms of possible lepton form factors and anomalous interactions. μ−p inelastic scattering is found to exhibit the same mild |q2| behavior as does e−p inelastic scattering. No experimentally significant deviation from the predictions of muon-electron universality has been found. If the ratio of muon to electron inelastic cross sections is parametrized by the form (1.0+|q2|ΛD2)−2, we find with 97.7% confidence that ΛD>4.1 GeV/c. The muon-proton cross sections on the average are slightly smaller than the electron-proton cross sections. This observation is not experimentally significant because such a difference might be caused by systematic errors, but this observation is used to speculate as to the most fruitful direction for future experiments.
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The inelastic scattering of muons has been measured using positive muons of momentum 10 GeV/c incident upon a liquid-hydrogen target. We present values of the differential cross section and of the virtual photon-photon absorption cross section for |q| in the range 0.05 to 1.2 (GeV/c)2 and for equivalent photon laboratory energies of 0.6 to 6.5 GeV.
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