We present the results obtained with the magnetic detector DM1 at the Orsay storage ring ACO for the reaction e + e − → π + π − π 0 from 483 to 1100 MeV in the center of mass. Our data show without ambiguity an interference effect between the ω and φ mesons, which corresponds to a negative coupling constant product ratio Re( g γω g ω →3 π / g γφ g φ →3 π ) ; however our measurements above the φ, performed using kinematical analysis, can only be explained by a higher energy contribution. In addition, the parameters of the ω have been obtained with an improved accuracy compared to other experiments, and particularly the branching ratio B ω →e + e − = (6.75±0.69) × 10 −5 . We confirm that the reaction e + e − → π + π − π 0 proceeds essentially via a quasi-two-body state ϱπ , at the energy of the φ.

This paper summarizes the measurements one+e− annihilation performed by the DASP Collaboration in the energy range between 3.1 and 5.2 GeV. The following topics are covered: total cross section, production and two body decays of the narrow resonances, radiative decays of theJ/ψ and ψ′ resonances and evidence for theX(2.82), ψ′ cascade decays, inclusive η production and evidence for theF meson, semileptonic decays of charmed mesons and properties of the heavy lepton.

We present the results of a measurement of the cross section oof the reaction e + e − → π + π − π + π − from 890 to 1100 MeV in the center of mass, obtained with a magnetic detector at the Orsay Storage Ring ACO. With respect to previous experiments, the present one offers the possibility of reconstructing events with at least one constraint and his improved statistics. We find that our measurement of the cross section for e + e − → π + π − π + π − is compatible with quasi two-body production of π A 1 ( m A1 = 1.1 GeV, Γ A1 ∼ 0.2−0.3 GeV), through the ϱ and ϱ′(1600) intermediate states. We were able to states. We were able to determine the cross section of this reaction at the energy of the φ meson and consequently an upper limit on the branching ratio of φ → π + π − π + π − .

Inclusive cross sections of η production by e + e - annihilation for c.m. energies between 4.0 and 5.0 GeV are presented. The η production is shown to be correlated with the production of a weakly decaying particle, indicating that its main source is F production. At the 4.42 GeV resonance it is correlated with a low energy photon, suggesting F F ∗ or F ∗ F ∗ production. A mass determination of the F is made at 4.42 GeV using the F → ηπ decay channel.

Inclusive production of ifπ ± , K ± and p has been studied near charm threshold for c.m. energies between 3.6 and 5.2 GeV. Differential and scaling cross sections together with particle multiplicities have been determinated. By comparing data below and above charm threshold the charm contribution to if π ± and K ± production has been extracted. A comparison has been made between inclusice p production and inelastic electron-proton scattering. To study differences between three-gluon annihilation and two-quark production of the spectra from J/ decay and from non-resonant production at 3.6 GeV has been compared.

Inclusive momentum and energy spectra of neutral and charged D-mesons produced in e + e − annihilation at energies near 7 GeV are presented. The slope of the energy spectrum is similar to the charged pion spectrum at the same energy. The inclusive cross section σ(e + e − → D or D + anything) at 7 GeV is 4.8±1.3 nb.

We have measured inclusive γ and π0 production in multiprong events produced by e+e− annihilation in the center-of-mass energy range 4.9 to 7.4 GeV. We find the π0 inclusive cross section to be consistent in shape and normalization with half the charged-π cross section between x=0.15 and 0.60, with an integrated inclusive cross-section ratio of σ(π0)|σ(π+)+σ(π−)|=0.47±0.10.

We have measured inclusive electron production in multiprong events produced by e+e− annihilation in the center-of-mass energy range 3.9-7.4 GeV. We find the electron momentum spectra are consistent with the electrons coming mainly from decays of charmed particles, with a smaller contribution from decays of the τ lepton. From our data we calculate the average branching ratio for charmed particles to decay into an electron plus additional particles to be (8.2±1.9)%.

The total cross section for e + e − annihilation into hadronic final states between 3.6 and 5.2 GeV was measured by the nonmagnetic inner detector of DASP, which has similar trigger and detection efficiencies for photons and charged particles. The measured difference in R = σ had / σμμ between 3.6 GeV and 5.2 GeV is ΔR = 2.1 ± 0.3. We observe three peaks at cm energies of 4.04, 4.16 and 4.417 GeV, the parameters of which, when interpreted as resonances, are given.

The pion form factor is measured in the reaction e + e − → π + π − for center of mass energies in the range 480–1100 MeV. Our results are first analysed in terms of the conventional Vector Meson Dominance formalism, and then taking into account the ωπ inelastic channel. The result of this later formalism is a pion form factor ( F π ) which fits quite well all the existing data on F π both in the timelike and spacelike regions, and pion mean square radius of 〈 r π 2 〉 = 0.460 ± 0.011 fm 2 or 〈r π 2 〉 1 2 = 0.678 ± 0.008 fm .

An experiment using the PLUTO detector has observed the formation of a narrow, high mass, resonance in e + e − annihilations at the DORIS storage ring. The mass is determined to be 9.46±0.01 GeV which is consistent with that of the Upsilon. The gaussian width σ is observed as 8±1 MeV and is equal to the DORIS energy resolution. This suggests that the resonance is a bound state of a new heavy quark-antiquark pair. An electronic width Γ ee =1.3±0.4 keV was obtained. In standard theoretical models, this favors a quark charge assignment of 1 3 .

Annihilation of e + e − into final states with a single electron has been studied with the PLUTO detector at the DORIS storage ring at CMS energies from 3.6 to 5 GeV. In the sample of 4-prong events without any detected photon we observe 21 events which we assign to the reaction e + e − → τ + τ − → νν e + νϱ 0 π . We obtain a branching ratio for τ + → νϱ 0 π + of 0.050 ± 0.015 with an overall systematic uncertainty of 30%. The data are consistent with the ϱπ coming from an A 1 meson.

The inclusive production of antiprotons and Λ's in e+e− annihilation has been measured as a function of the c.m. energy in the range 3.7-7.6 GeV. We find that the baryon cross section has a behavior different from the total hadronic production. Our results show a rapid rise in the ratio σp¯σμμ between 4.4 and 5 GeV, consistent with what would be expected from charmed baryon production. Λ¯ production is 10-15% of p¯ production at all energies.

From a study of D mesons produced in the decay ψ(3772)→DD¯, we have determined the masses of the D0 and D+ mesons to be 1863.3±0.9 MeV/c2 and 1868.3±0.9 MeV/c2, respectively. Under the assumption that the ψ(3772) has a definite isospin and decays only to DD¯, the D0 branching fractions to K−π+, K¯0π+π−, and K−π+π−π+ are (2.2±0.6)%, (4.0 ± 1.3)%, and (3.2±1.1)% and the D+ branching fractions to K¯0π+ and K−π+π+ are (1.5±0.6)% and (3.9±1.0)%.

Decay modes of the charmed mesons, D 0 and D + , are studied in e + e − annihilation data at 4.03 and 4.41 GeV c.m. energy. The products of cross section times branching ratio are measured for the K − π + , K − π + π + π − , K S π + π − and K − π + π + final states. Upper limits are established for the Cabibbo forbidden decays via π + π − , K + K − , K + K − π + , K + π + π − and π + π − π + . The K − π + π + π − final state is shown to be dominated by K − π + ρ 0 .

The multiplicity distribution of inclusive electron events above 4 GeV cm energy shows two distinct classes of events: two prong no photon and high multiplicity events. If the high multiplicity events are attributed to the semi-leptonic decay of charmed particles the two prong no photon events must come from the weak decay of a different type of particle. The charged K to π ratio was measured for these events. The average number of charged kaons is 0.07 ± 0.06 per two prong event and 0.90 ± 0.18 per multiprong event. Thus the weak current responsible for the low multiplicity events has a small coupling to strange particles.

The production of enutral kaons in e + e − annihilation has been measured for c.m. energies between 3.4 GeV and 7.6 GeV. Near 4 GeV the inclusive K S cross section shows an increase and structure similar to total hadron production. Roughly 40–45% of all hadronic final states contain kaons, except at 4.028 GeV and 4.415 GeV, where a significantly larger kaon fraction is observed.

We observe a resonance in the total cross section for hadron production in e+e− annihilation at a mass of 3772±6 MeV/c2 having a total width of 28±5 MeV/c2 and a partial width to electron pairs of 370±90 eV/c2.

We report on inclusive production of J ψ (3.1)-mesons observed in e + e − -annihilation in the energy range s = 4.0–5.0 GeV . After substraction of the radiative tail of the ψ(3.7) direct production of the J ψ (3.1) is found to be in the order of 0.1% of the total hadronic cross section. No enhancements are seen at s = 4.03 GeV and 4.4 GeV. The level is in agreement with expectations from violation of the Zweig-rule.

Charged hadron production via e + e − → h ± X where h ± = π ± , K ± , p ̄ has been measured for s values between 13 and 25 GeV 2 . Inclusive cross sections and the evidence for scaling are presented.

The total cross section for K ± production in e + e − collisions was measured for cms energies between 3.6 and 5 GeV and was found to increase by a factor of 2–3 from 3.6 to 4.1 GeV.

We have measured the production cross section for K s 0 in e + e − annihilation from 3.6 to 5.0 GeV center of mass energy. A substantial increase of the K s 0 yield is observed around 4 GeV in qualitative agreement with the charm hypothesis.

Using the solenoidal magnetic detector PLUTO, we have measured the total cross section for e + e − annihilation into hadrons. Results are presented for center of mass energies between 3.6 and 4.8 GeV, and in the regions of the J ψ (3.1) and ψ(3.7) resonances. We also present results for the 2 prong cross section in the energy range 3.6 to 4.8 GeV.

We observe a resonancelike structure in the total cross section for hadron production by e+e− colliding beams at a mass of 4414 ± 7 MeV having a total width Γ=33±10 MeV. From the area under this resonance, we deduce the partial width to electron pairs to be Γee=440±140 eV. Further structure of comparable width is present near 4.1 GeV.

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We have found events of the form e++e−→e±+μ∓+missingenergy, in which no other charged particles or photons are detected. Most of these events are detected at or above a center-of-mass energy of 4 GeV. The missing-energy and missing-momentum spectra require that at least two additional particles be produced in each event. We have no conventional explanation for these events.

We have observed an azimuthal asymmetry in inclusive hadron production by e+e− annihilation at the center-of-mass energy s=7.4 GeV. The asymmetry is caused by the polarization of the circulating beams in the storage ring and allows separate determination of the transverse and longitudinal structure functions. We find that transverse production dominates for x>0.2 where x is the scaling variable 2ps.

Cross sections for e+e−→hadrons, e+e−, and μ+μ− near 3684 MeV are presented. The ψ(3684) resonance is established as having the assignment JPC=1−−. The mass is 3684 ± 5 MeV. The partial width for decay to electrons is Γe=2.1±0.3 keV and the total width is Γ=228±56 keV.

We present cross sections for e+e−→hadrons, e+e−, and μ+μ− near 3095 MeV. The ψ(3095) resonance is established as having an assignment JPC=1−−. The mass is 3095 ±4 MeV. The partial width to electrons is Γe=4.8±0.6 keV and the total width Γ=69±15 keV. Total rates and interference measurements for the lepton channels are in accord with μ−e universality.

We have searched the mass region 3.2 to 5.9 GeV for evidence of narrow resonances in e+e−→hadrons. We find no evidence for any such resonances other than the ψ(3695) in this region with a sensitivity ranging from about 12 to 45% of the integrated cross section of the ψ(3695). The more stringent bounds apply to resonances of a few MeV width, while the looser bounds apply to resonances of up to 20 MeV width.

We have observed a very sharp peak in the cross section for e+e−→hadrons, e+e−, and possibly μ+μ− at a center-of-mass energy of 3.105±0.003 GeV. The upper limit to the full width at half-maximum is 1.3 MeV.

We have measured the cross section σ for electron - positron annihilation into three or more hadrons, with at least two charged particles in the final state, at 5 GeV center-of-mass energy. We find a model-independent lower limit of σ>9.1±1.0nb; assuming invariant phase-space production of pions, we calculate the detection efficiency of our detector to be (45 ± 11)%, yielding a cross section σ=21±5nb. The average charged hadron multiplicity is found to be n¯=4.3±0.6.

We have measured the cross section, the distribution of scattering angles, and the distribution of noncoplanarity angles for electron-positron elastic scattering at 5 GeV c. m. energy. An analysis based on 230 events with scattering angles between 50 and 130° yields a ratio of the experimental to theoretical quantum-electrodynamic cross section of 1.03 ± 0.09. The scattering-angle and noncoplanarity-angle distributions are also found to be in excellent agreement with the quantum-electrodynamic predictions.

We have observed a second sharp peak in the cross section for e+e−→hadrons at a center-of-mass energy of 3.695±0.004 GeV. The upper limit of the full width at half-maximum is 2.7 MeV.

Data have been taken at the φ energy with the same large solid angle detector which has been used for the measurement of the ϱ and ω production by e + e − annihilations. From the φ → K o L K o S π + φ − excitation curve we have deduced the φ width Γ φ = (3.81 ± 0.37) MeV and the cross-section σ e + e − → K o L K o S = (1.48±0.08±0.12) μ b. (the quoted errors are respectively statistical and systematical.)

A large solid angle detector has been used to observe π + π − π o events produced at the φ energy by electron-positron collisions in the Orsay storage ring. Fitting our data with a Breit and Wigner curve, with a fixed width Γ = (3.8±0.4) MeV coming from K O S K O L analysis, we deduce σ e + e − → π + π − π O = (0.70±0.13) μ bat 2 E = Mφ . Using our measurements on the other φ decay modes we deduce ( φ → π + π − π o )/( φ → K o S K o L ) = 0.47±0.06 and ( φ → η o γ )/( φ → K o S K o L ) = 0.077±0.022. Assuming ( φ → K + K − )/( φ → K o S K o L ) = 1.60, we derive σ TOT = (4.7±0.4) μ b, Γ e + e − = (1.27±0.11 keV and g 2 o /4 π = 14.3±1.3 (without finite width correction). Furthermore (from the observation of the ππγ coplanar events) we put an upper limit to the mode e + e − → φ π + π − γ , Γ ( φ → π + π − γ ) ⩽ 0.007 Γ ( φ → Total ) with 90% C.L.

We have measured the total cross section for electron-positron annihilation into three or more hadrons, with at least two charged particles in the final state. The measurement was made at a center-of-mass energy of 4 GeV with a 2π−sr nonmagnetic detector. With 88 events detected, we obtain a model-independent lower limit on the hadron production cross section of 9.6 ± 1.4 nb; a calculation of detection efficiency based on invariant phase-space production of pions leads to a total cross section of 26 ± 6 nb. This cross section is 4.7 ± 1.1 times the theoretical total cross section for e+e−→μ+μ−. The average charged multiplicity is n¯=4.2±0.6.

A large solid angle detector has been used to observe π + π − π 0 events produced, at the ω energy, by electron-positron collisions in the ORSAY storage ring. From the ω excitation curve we have deduced: σ ( e + e − → ω 3 π ) = (180 ± 0.20) μ b, Γ = (9.1 ± 0.8) MeV and with B( ω → π + π − π 0 ) = 0.898 ± 0.045 we have calculated Γ e + e − = (0.76 ± 0. 08) keV and g 2 ω 4π = 18.4 ± 1.8 .

Data were taken at the energy 2 E = 990 MeV to search for multibody events, with the same large solid angle detector which has been used for the measurement of the ϱ , ω and φ production by e + e − annilations. Assuming a π + π − π 0 π 0 production by the quasi two-body process e + e − → ϱ → ωπ 0 we give the correspondi ng cross section σ (e + e − → π + π − π 0 π 0 ) = (1.1 ± 0.5) 10 −32 cm 2 . Since no events with 3 and 4 charged pions have been observed σ (e + e − → π + π − π 0 π − ) ⩽ 1.5 × 10 −33 cm 2 .

A large solid angle detector has been used to observe two body events produced by electron-positron collisions in the Orsay storage ring. From the π + π − excitation curve in the ϱ region we have deduced the amplitude and the phase of the ω-ϱ interference, and the ϱ resonance paramaters: M ϱ = (775.4±7.3) MeV, Γ ϱ = (149.6 ± 23.2) MeV, √ B ( ω → π + π − ) = 0.19 ± 0.05, φ = (85.7 ± 15.3) 0 , σ ( e + e − → ϱ ) = (1.00 ± 0.13) μ b at S = M ϱ 2 , B ( ϱ → e + e − = (4.1 ± 0.5) × 10 −5 , Γ ( ϱ → e + e − ) = (6.1 ± 0.7) keV, ( g ϱ 2 /4 π ) = 2.26 ± 0.25, ( g ϱππ 2 /4 π ) = 2.84 ± 0.50.

We have measured the e + e − → ø reaction by its K + K − decay mode. Using our previous results on K O K O and the 3π decay mode of the ø mesons, we compute Γ ø → e + e − and then compare the whole Orsay results to theoretical predictions.

We have measured the e + e − → φ reaction by the K S 0 K L 0 and 3 π decay modes of the φ. We have deduced Γ ( φ → all), Γ ( φ →e + e − ), as well as B ( φ →K S 0 K L 0 ), B ( φ →K + K − ) and B ( φ → π + π − π 0 ).

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The reaction e + e − → ω o has been measured by detecting the charged pions of the π + π − π o decay mode of the ω o. A partial decay width of ω o in e + e − : Γ e + e − =0.94±0.18 keV is deduced from this result.

The electromagnetic form factor of the pion has been determined in the ϱ o resonance region by measuring the absolute cross section of the reaction e + e − → π + π − with the Orsay storage ring. More than 800 pion pairs have been detected. The excitation curve has been fitted with a Breit-Wigner formula which leads to the following values: σ peak = (1.69 ± 0.21) 10 −30 cm 2 ; m ϱ = (770 ± 4) MeV ; Γ ϱ = (111 ± 6) MeV . The partial width of the ϱ o going into e + e − thus obtained is: Γ ϱ → e + e − =(7.36±0.7) keV .

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