Measurements of single-, double-, and triple-differential cross-sections are presented for boosted top-quark pair-production in 13 $\text{TeV}$ proton-proton collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The top quarks are observed through their hadronic decay and reconstructed as large-radius jets with the leading jet having transverse momentum ($p_{\text{T}}$) greater than 500 GeV. The observed data are unfolded to remove detector effects. The particle-level cross-section, multiplied by the $t\bar{t} \rightarrow W W b \bar{b}$ branching fraction and measured in a fiducial phase space defined by requiring the leading and second-leading jets to have $p_{\text{T}} > 500$ GeV and $p_{\text{T}} > 350$ GeV, respectively, is $331 \pm 3 \text{(stat.)} \pm 39 \text{(syst.)}$ fb. This is approximately 20$\%$ lower than the prediction of $398^{+48}_{-49}$ fb by Powheg+Pythia 8 with next-to-leading-order (NLO) accuracy but consistent within the theoretical uncertainties. Results are also presented at the parton level, where the effects of top-quark decay, parton showering, and hadronization are removed such that they can be compared with fixed-order next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) calculations. The parton-level cross-section, measured in a fiducial phase space similar to that at particle level, is $1.94 \pm 0.02 \text{(stat.)} \pm 0.25 \text{(syst.)}$ pb. This agrees with the NNLO prediction of $1.96^{+0.02}_{-0.17}$ pb. Reasonable agreement with the differential cross-sections is found for most NLO models, while the NNLO calculations are generally in better agreement with the data. The differential cross-sections are interpreted using a Standard Model effective field-theory formalism and limits are set on Wilson coefficients of several four-fermion operators.
Fiducial phase-space cross-section at particle level.
$p_{T}^{t}$ absolute differential cross-section at particle level.
$|y^{t}|$ absolute differential cross-section at particle level.
Central collisions of 800-GeV protons with the heavy components of nuclear emulsion, Ag107 and Br80, have been investigated to determine the characteristics of small-impact-parameter collisions and, by comparison with the analysis of inclusive proton-emulsion inelastic interactions and inelastic proton-nucleon collisions, to study the dependence of the interaction process on the mean number of intranuclear collisions 〈ν〉. The data are also compared with the results obtained in proton-emulsion collisions, both central and inclusive, at 200 GeV. The variations in the secondary-particle multiplicities and the normalized pseudorapidity density correlate with 〈ν〉 and demonstrate that proton-nucleus interactions, both central and inclusive, can be described adequately by the incoherent superposition of proton-nucleon collisions.
NUCLEUS IS AVERAGE NUCLEUS OF EMULSION.
NUCLEUS IS AVERAGE NUCLEUS OF EMULSION.
NUCLEUS IS AVERAGE NUCLEUS OF EMULSION.
The interaction of 800-GeV protons in nuclear emulsion has been investigated. The multiplicities and angular distributions of charged particles emitted by both the projectile and the target nucleus have been measured for 1718 inelastic events and are compared with the data obtained in proton-emulsion collisions at 67, 200, and 400 GeV. The target excitation is found to be independent of energy while the production of secondary particles continues to increase with incident proton energy.
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Correlations among the produced particles in interactions of 800-GeV protons with nuclei in photographic emulsion provide evidence for nonindependent production of the secondary particles. Assuming particle production in clusters, the analysis implies an average multiplicity of about 3 charged particles per cluster.
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IN THIS TABLE ETARAP(P=3)=ETARAP(P=4).
A full-kinematics measurement of the π − p→ π − p π 0 reaction in the incident π − momentum region from 295 to 450 MeV/ c is presented. The measurement was performed with the OMICRON spectrometer at the CERN synchrocyclotron.
Integrated cross section.
Differential cross sections for elastic scattering of pions by deuterons have been measured for centre-of-mass angles between 130° and 175°, and at laboratory energies 141, 177, and 260 MeV for π + , and at 151, 185, and 189 MeV for π − . At 177 and 260 MeV the cross sections are a factor of 2 lower than the predictions of three-body theories.
No description provided.
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Result of cross section measurements for the reaction π − p → π − π + n are presented. They cover a range of incident pion momenta between 295 and 450 MeV/ c . It is the first time that the cross section has been measured so close to threshold. The experiment was performed with Omicron, a large-solid-angle spectrometer, which enables a measurement of the full set of kinematic variables. In the region of overlap there is a good agreement with other experiments. The extracted value for the chiral-symmetry-breaking parameter ξ is seen to be largely extrapolition dependent but the measured value of -0.5±0.8 leaves Weinberg's prediction of ξ =0 the only remaining choice.
No description provided.
The total cross sections of 4 He, 6 Li, 7 Li, 9 Be, 12 C and 32 S for positive and negative pions have been measured in the energy range 80 to 260 MeV in a transmission experiment. Coulomb corrections were applied using real parts of the forward nuclear amplitudes as determined from dispersion relations. At the lower energies there remain large residual differences between the π + and π − scattering on the isoscalar nuclei. These can be largely understood in terms of the Coulomb distortion.
No description provided.
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The elastic scattering of positive pions by deuterium has been studied using a scintillating target to detect the recoil deuteron. In addition to the angular distribution measured for 256 MeV incident energy, the energy variation of the fixed angle cross section ( θ lab =160°) has been determined between 141 MeV and 256 MeV. The former is in qualitative agreement with a simple multiple-scattering calculation, but the energy dependence is poorly reproduced.
'SMALL-ANGLE TECHNIQUE' - CALIBRATED AT THETA(RF=LAB) OF 30 DEG.
'SMALL-ANGLE TECHNIQUE' - CALIBRATED AT THETA(RF=LAB) OF 30 DEG.
'LARGE-ANGLE TECHNIQUE' - CALIBRATED AT EACH ANGLE.
The results are presented of two partial-wave analyses of the (3π) − system in 30 000 events of the reaction π − p → π − π − π + p at 11.2 GeV/ c . Both techniques incorporate the assumptions of the isobar model and are (a) the University of Illinois program which fits in terms of the (3π) density matrix elements and (b) an amplitude parametrisaton including possible effects of both spin non-flip and spin flip at the baryon vertex. The results obtained with these independent programs are found to be very close.
NORMALIZED TO A TOTAL REACTION CROSS SECTION OF 1.17 +- 0.24 MB. ALL QUOTED CROSS SECTIONS ARE FOR INTEGRATED BREIT-WIGNERS.
A2 2+D-WAVE FOR 1.2 < M(3PI) < 1.4 GEV. THE FIRST THREE COMBINATIONS OF DENSITY MATRIX ELEMENTS ARE FOR NATURAL PARITY EXCHANGE, AND THE REMAINDER UNNATURAL.