The dissociation of virtual photons, $\gamma^{\star} p \to X p$, in events with a large rapidity gap between $X$ and the outgoing proton, as well as in events in which the leading proton was directly measured, has been studied with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The data cover photon virtualities $Q^2>2$ GeV$^2$ and $\gamma^{\star} p$ centre-of-mass energies $40<W<240$ GeV, with $M_X>2$ GeV, where $M_X$ is the mass of the hadronic final state, $X$. Leading protons were detected in the ZEUS leading proton spectrometer. The cross section is presented as a function of $t$, the squared four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex and $\Phi$, the azimuthal angle between the positron scattering plane and the proton scattering plane. It is also shown as a function of $Q^2$ and $\xpom$, the fraction of the proton's momentum carried by the diffractive exchange, as well as $\beta$, the Bjorken variable defined with respect to the diffractive exchange.
The differential cross section DSIG/DT for the LRG and the LPS data samples.
The fitted exponential slope of the T distribution as a function of X(NAME=POMERON).
The fitted exponential slope of the T distribution as a function of X(NAME=POMERON).
Results are presented from experiment WA7 at the CERN SPS, which has measured the elastic differential cross sections of π ± p, K ± p, p p and pp at incident momen ta of 20, 30 and 50 GeV/ c . The measurements cover the momentum transfer range 0.5 < | t | < 8 (GeV/ c ) 2 , corresponding to c.m. scattering angles between 10° and 50°. The experimental set-up, trigger logic and data analysis are described. The experimental results are compared with existing meson-proton and nucleon-proton data at lower and higher energies covering the medium- and large-| t | region. Some prominent models and their predictions for elastic scattering at WA7 energies and beyond are reviewed, with emphasis on geometrical scaling, factorizing eikonal models, lowest-order QCD and other dynamical exchange-type models. Results for p p two-body annihilation into π − π + and K − K + at 30 and 50 GeV/ c , obtained in parallel with the elastic p p data, are also presented.
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A study of ϕ-meson photoproduction by partially polarized photons of energy 20–40 GeV is reported. The production mechanism is found to conserves-channel helicity and to proceed via natural-parity exchange in thet channel. In the photoproduction of high-massK+K− states with photons of energy 20–70 GeV, there is evidence for an enhancement at a mass of 1.76 GeV with width 0.08 GeV.
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The p p elastic differential cross section at 30 GeV/ c incident momentum has been measured in a two-arm spectrometer experiment (WA7) at the CERN SPS. The | t |-range covered extends from 0.5 to 5.8 (GeV/ c ) 2 . A pronounced dip-bump structure is observed, with a sharp minimum around | t | ≈ 1.7 (GeV/ c ) 2 . The results are compared with existing p p data at lower energies and with our earlier p p data at 50 GeV/ c . A number of model predictions are discussed. We also compare the p p 30 GeV/ c differential cross section with that of pp at the same momentum. Finally, the energy dependence of the p p fixed-| t | differential cross in the incident momentum range 3.6 to 50 GeV/ c is presented.
NUMERICAL VALUES SUPPLIED BY D. IMRIE. ERROR CONTAINS BOTH STATISTICS AND SYSTEMATICS.
A description is given of an experiment to study elastic scattering of π ± , K ± and p on protons at c.m. scattering angles from 45° to 100° at incident laboratory momenta 20 GeV/ c and 30 GeV/ c . The corresponding t range is from −6.2 (GeV/ c ) 2 to −28 (GeV/ c ) 2 . There are no previous observations for these reactions in this t range. High intensity and large geometrical acceptance were required in order to measure the low cross sections. The experiment used a double-arm spectrometer. MWPCs were used for reconstruction, and threshold and differential Čerenkov counters for identification. Scintillation counters, Čerenkov counters and a hadron calorimeter were used in the trigger. The trigger logic utilized specially designed matrices and a hard wired microprocessor. The π − p elastic scattering cross sections follow approximately the dimensional counting rule from 3.5 GeV/ c .and up to 30 GeV/ c . The cross sections decrease by seven orders of magnitude in this energy range. The data is compared to quark models. None of these models give a comprehensive description of the results. However, some modifications to these models improve their consistency with the data.
EARLIER RESULTS GIVEN IN 'A'.
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We present results on photoproduction of ϱ 0 and ω in the reactions γ p→ π + π − p and γ p→ π + π − π 0 p by tagged photons in the energy ranges 20 to 70 GeV and 20 to 45 GeV, respectively. The production of the ϱ 0 shows dominantly the characteristics of a diffractive process with respect to the E γ and t dependence of the cross section and the spin density matrix. The ϱ 0 photoproduction yields on average over the photon energy range a total cross section of σ ( γ p→ ϱ 0 p) = 9.4±0.1 μ b with an additional systematic error of ±1 μ b, and average slope parameters of the t distribution d σ /d t ≈exp(− b | t | + ct 2 ), of b =9.1±0.1 GeV −2 and c = 3.1 ±±0.2 GeV −4 . The shape of the ϱ 0 peak in the π + π − invariant spectra shows a skewing similar to that observed at lower energies. The photoproduction of ω is also consistent with a diffractive process and has a cross section of σ ( γ p→ ω p) = 1.2± 0.1 μ b with an additional systematic error of ±0.2 μ b. The average slope parameters of the t distribution are b =8.3 ± 1.3 GeV −2 and c = 3.4±2.6 GeV −4 .
FITS USING THE SODING PARAMETERIZATION.
FITS USING THE ROSS-STODOLSKY PARAMETERIZATION.
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The reactions K ± p→K s 0 π ± p are studied at 30 and 50 GeV/ c . Data for these reactions were obtained using the Geneva-Lausanne spectrometer whose main characteristics are: (i) large forward acceptance; (ii) high-resolution time-of-flight for recoil proton momentum measurement; (iii) high data-taking rate and on-line pattern recognition. The K ∗ (1 − ), K ∗ (2 + ), K ∗ (3 − ) and K ∗ (4 + ) resonance parameters and production cross sections are determined. The K π production amplitudes are calculated both as a function of the K π mass and of the momentum transfer. Isoscalar natural parity exchange (NPE) is dominant. The NPE amplitudes are decomposed into pomeron- f-, ω-exchange contributions, and their energy dependence between 10 and 50 GeV/ c is shown to be well-described by a Regge pole model based on the f-dominated pomeron hypothesis.
CORRECTED TO INCLUDE BW TAILS AND THE FRACTION OF EVENTS OUTSIDE THE T-ACCEPTANCE OF THE SPECTROMETER.
FITS OF THE FORM -A*TP*EXP(BTP) ARE MADE BY THE AUTHORS AND THE VALUES OF A AND B ARE GIVEN HERE. MASS REGIONS OF THE FIT ARE:-. K*(890) 0.84 < M <0.94 GEV. K*(1430) 1.36 < M <1.5 GEV. K*(1780) 1.68 < M <1.88 GEV.
FITS OF FORM -A*TP*EXP(BTP) ARE MADE BY THE AUTHORS AND THE VALUES OF A AND B ARE GIVEN HERE. MASS REGIONS OF THE FIT ARE:-. K*(890) 0.84 < M <0.94 GEV. K*(1430) 1.36 < M <1.5 GEV. K*(1780) 1.68 < M <1.88 GEV.
The\(K^ -p \to \bar K^0 n\) charge exchange differential cross-section has been measured at 30 GeV/c with high statistical accuracy and high angular resolution. The experiment was made at the IHEP 70 GeV accelerator, by using a hodoscope hadron calorimeter to detect KL0. The cross-section shows a dip at small |t|, which indicates a dominance of spin-flip amplitudes in ρ and A2 exchanges in thet-channel.
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The cross sections of several exclusive reactions in p p interactions are given. In the channels p p → p p π + π − and p p → p p 2π + 2π − which dominate the interactions, the single and double diffractive dissociations are analysed and compared to the results obtained with K ± p interactions at the same energy, pp and p p interactions at other energies. The test of factorization at the p → p π + π − vertex is well verified. The process p p → Δ ++ Δ ++ is studied and the cross sections of Δ ++ , Δ ++ , ϱ 0 and f 0 production are also given.
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