We report the first multi-differential measurements of strange hadrons of $K^{-}$, $\phi$ and $\Xi^{-}$ yields as well as the ratios of $\phi/K^-$ and $\phi/\Xi^-$ in Au+Au collisions at ${\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = \rm{3\,GeV}}$ with the STAR experiment fixed target configuration at RHIC. The $\phi$ mesons and $\Xi^{-}$ hyperons are measured through hadronic decay channels, $\phi\rightarrow K^+K^-$ and $\Xi^-\rightarrow \Lambda\pi^-$. Collision centrality and rapidity dependence of the transverse momentum spectra for these strange hadrons are presented. The $4\pi$ yields and ratios are compared to thermal model and hadronic transport model predictions. At this collision energy, thermal model with grand canonical ensemble (GCE) under-predicts the $\phi/K^-$ and $\phi/\Xi^-$ ratios while the result of canonical ensemble (CE) calculations reproduce $\phi/K^-$, with the correlation length $r_c \sim 2.7$ fm, and $\phi/\Xi^-$, $r_c \sim 4.2$ fm, for the 0-10% central collisions. Hadronic transport models including high mass resonance decays could also describe the ratios. While thermal calculations with GCE work well for strangeness production in high energy collisions, the change to CE at $\rm{3\,GeV}$ implies a rather different medium property at high baryon density.
$K^-$ (a), invariant yields as a function of $m_T-m_0$ for various rapidity regions in 0--10\% central Au+Au collisions at ${\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = \mathrm{3\,GeV}}$. Statistics and systematic uncertainties are added quadratic here for plotting. Solid and dashed black lines depict $m_T$ exponential function fits to the measured data points with arbitrate scaling factors in each rapidity windows.
$\phi$ meson (b) invariant yields as a function of $m_T-m_0$ for various rapidity regions in 0--10\% central Au+Au collisions at ${\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = \mathrm{3\,GeV}}$. Statistics and systematic uncertainties are added quadratic here for plotting. Solid and dashed black lines depict $m_T$ exponential function fits to the measured data points with arbitrate scaling factors in each rapidity windows.
$\Xi^-$ (c) invariant yields as a function of $m_T-m_0$ for various rapidity regions in 0--10\% central Au+Au collisions at ${\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = \mathrm{3\,GeV}}$. Statistics and systematic uncertainties are added quadratic here for plotting. Solid and dashed black lines depict $m_T$ exponential function fits to the measured data points with arbitrate scaling factors in each rapidity windows.
We report results for the virtual photon asymmetry $A_1$ on the nucleon from new Jefferson Lab measurements. The experiment, which used the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer and longitudinally polarized proton ($^{15}$NH$_3$) and deuteron ($^{15}$ND$_3$) targets, collected data with a longitudinally polarized electron beam at energies between 1.6 GeV and 5.7 GeV. In the present paper, we concentrate on our results for $A_1(x,Q^2)$ and the related ratio $g_1/F_1(x,Q^2)$ in the resonance and the deep inelastic regions for our lowest and highest beam energies, covering a range in momentum transfer $Q^2$ from 0.05 to 5.0 GeV$^2$ and in final-state invariant mass $W$ up to about 3 GeV. Our data show detailed structure in the resonance region, which leads to a strong $Q^2$--dependence of $A_1(x,Q^2)$ for $W$ below 2 GeV. At higher $W$, a smooth approach to the scaling limit, established by earlier experiments, can be seen, but $A_1(x,Q^2)$ is not strictly $Q^2$--independent. We add significantly to the world data set at high $x$, up to $x = 0.6$. Our data exceed the SU(6)-symmetric quark model expectation for both the proton and the deuteron while being consistent with a negative $d$-quark polarization up to our highest $x$. This data setshould improve next-to-leading order (NLO) pQCD fits of the parton polarization distributions.
A1 and g1/F1 for the P target at incident energy 1.6000 GeV and W = 1.1300 GeV.
A1 and g1/F1 for the P target at incident energy 1.6000 GeV and W = 1.1500 GeV.
A1 and g1/F1 for the P target at incident energy 1.6000 GeV and W = 1.1700 GeV.
The inclusive one- and two-jet production cross-sections are measured in collisions of quasi-real photons radiated from the LEP beams at e+e− centre-of-mass energies \(\sqrt{s}_{\rm ee}=130\) and 136 GeV using the OPAL detector at LEP. Hard jets are reconstructed using a cone jet finding algorithm. The differential jet cross-sections \({\rm d}\sigma /{\rm d}E_{T}^{\rm jet}\) are compared to next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations. Transverse energy flows in jets are studied separately for direct and resolved two-photon events.
Inclusive one-jet cross section.
One-jet rapidity distribution.
Inclusive two-jet cross section.
Data on multiplicities of charged particles produced in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at 200 GeV per nucleon are presented. It is shown that the mean multiplicity of negative particles is proportional to the mean number of nucleons participating in the collision both for nucleus-nucleus and proton-nucleus collisions. The apparent consistency of pion multiplicity data with the assumption of an incoherent superposition of nucleon-nucleon collisions is critically discussed.
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Inclusive production of ifπ ± , K ± and p has been studied near charm threshold for c.m. energies between 3.6 and 5.2 GeV. Differential and scaling cross sections together with particle multiplicities have been determinated. By comparing data below and above charm threshold the charm contribution to if π ± and K ± production has been extracted. A comparison has been made between inclusice p production and inelastic electron-proton scattering. To study differences between three-gluon annihilation and two-quark production of the spectra from J/ decay and from non-resonant production at 3.6 GeV has been compared.
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Electroproduction of hadrons is studied in the kinematic region W < 2.8 GeV and 0.3 < Q 2 < 1.4 GeV 2 using the DESY streamer chamber. Prong cross sections, charged-particle multiplicities and inclusive π − distributions are presented. The average charged multiplicity is found to be independent of Q 2 in the Q 2 range studied here; however it is lower than in photoproduction. The fraction of forward π − is found to be significantly less in electroproduction than in photoproduction. The 〈 p ⊥ 2 〉 for inclusive π − is, for all x values, similar to that found in photoproduction.
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The multiplicity distribution of inclusive electron events above 4 GeV cm energy shows two distinct classes of events: two prong no photon and high multiplicity events. If the high multiplicity events are attributed to the semi-leptonic decay of charmed particles the two prong no photon events must come from the weak decay of a different type of particle. The charged K to π ratio was measured for these events. The average number of charged kaons is 0.07 ± 0.06 per two prong event and 0.90 ± 0.18 per multiprong event. Thus the weak current responsible for the low multiplicity events has a small coupling to strange particles.
NUMBER OF CHARGED PARTICLES OBSERVED .EQ. 2.
NUMBER OF CHARGED PARTICLES OBSERVED .GE. 3.
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